Part 1: Introduction to Web Accessibility
1. What is Web Accessibility?
Web accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of ensuring there are no barriers that prevent
interaction with, or access to, websites by people with disabilities. It aims to make web content
usable for everyone, including those using assistive technologies.
2. Why Accessibility Matters
- Legal Reasons: Many countries have laws mandating digital accessibility, such as the ADA in the
US and EN 301 549 in the EU.
- Ethical & Social Inclusion: Accessibility promotes equality and inclusiveness.
- Business Advantages: Broader audience reach, better SEO, and improved user experience.
3. Types of Disabilities
- Visual: Includes blindness, low vision, and color blindness.
- Auditory: Includes deafness and hearing impairments.
- Motor: Includes difficulty or inability to use hands, tremors, or muscle slowness.
- Cognitive: Includes learning disabilities, memory disorders, and difficulties with focus.
4. Assistive Technologies Overview
- Screen Readers: Convert text to speech or braille (e.g., JAWS, NVDA).
- Braille Displays: Provide tactile feedback for blind users.
- Voice Recognition Software: Enables speech-to-text input.
- Switch Devices: Assist those with motor impairments to navigate the web.
5. Web Accessibility vs. Usability
Accessibility focuses specifically on users with disabilities, while usability ensures a site is efficient,
effective, and satisfying for all users. Good usability practices often support accessibility, but
accessibility goes further with specific technical requirements.
