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Chemistry Note

Chemistry is the science that studies matter, its composition, structure, properties, and changes. Key concepts include matter, atoms and molecules, elements and compounds, chemical reactions, the periodic table, and the branches of chemistry. It is essential for advancements in various fields and is often referred to as the 'central science' due to its connections with other scientific disciplines.

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79 views2 pages

Chemistry Note

Chemistry is the science that studies matter, its composition, structure, properties, and changes. Key concepts include matter, atoms and molecules, elements and compounds, chemical reactions, the periodic table, and the branches of chemistry. It is essential for advancements in various fields and is often referred to as the 'central science' due to its connections with other scientific disciplines.

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Introduction to Chemistry

Chemistry is the branch of science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and changes

of matter. It deals with everything that occupies space and has mass-basically, everything around

us.

Key Concepts in Chemistry:

1. Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space. It exists in three main states-solid, liquid,

and gas.

2. Atoms and Molecules: Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Molecules are formed when

two or more atoms bond together.

3. Elements and Compounds:

- Element: A pure substance made of only one kind of atom (e.g., Oxygen, Gold).

- Compound: A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined (e.g., Water = H2O).

4. Chemical Reactions: Processes in which substances interact to form new substances. These

involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.

5. The Periodic Table: A table that organizes all known elements based on their atomic number and

properties.

6. Acids, Bases, and Salts:

- Acids taste sour and turn blue litmus red (e.g., HCl).
- Bases taste bitter and turn red litmus blue (e.g., NaOH).

- Salts are formed from the reaction between an acid and a base.

7. Branches of Chemistry:

- Organic Chemistry: Study of carbon-containing compounds.

- Inorganic Chemistry: Study of non-organic compounds.

- Physical Chemistry: Study of how matter behaves on a molecular and atomic level.

- Analytical Chemistry: Study of the composition of substances.

- Biochemistry: Study of chemical processes in living organisms.

Importance of Chemistry:

- Helps in the development of new materials, medicines, and products.

- Plays a key role in fields like medicine, engineering, agriculture, and environmental science.

- Enhances our understanding of natural phenomena.

In summary, chemistry is often called the "central science" because it connects other sciences and

helps us understand the world at a molecular level.

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