EXERCISES 1.
1. Explain with examples what is a set?
2. State the laws of set operations and verify each one of them using
an equation
3. Explain how unions, intersections and complementary sets are
related to the universal set.
4. (a) Given:
A={ 3, 4, 5, 8, 60, 91, 99}
B = { 1, 5, 80, 99}
Find: AU B, B ∩ A.
(b) Use the diagrams to present the relation of sets given in 4 (a)above
5. Given X = {2,5,6,11}, Y = {5,7,11,13} and Z = {0,3,4,6}
Find the following sets:
(a) XU Z (b) X∩Y (c) (X∩Z) U Y (d) (YUZ) ∩Y
6. (a) Explain a Venn diagram and its usefulness in set operations
(b) Given: U = {3,4,5,6..., 12}; A ={3,4,8,9}; B = {4,5,7,9,10} C = {3,4,5,6,8,9}; and
D = {4,6,8,11}
Basing on the sets given above, evaluate the following.
(a) CU (BUD); (b) B∩ (AU C); (c) AU (B∩D) (d) B∩ Ø; (e) A1 U Ø; (f) BU B1
7. A random sample of 80 BBA students were interviewed to find out subjects they studied
before joining the programme. 30 students studied economics, 45 Commence, 35
Mathematics, 5 students studied all the three subjects, 10 studied both Economics and
Geography, 15 studied both Economics and Mathematics and 12 studied Mathematics and
Commence. Present this information on a Venn diagram.
8. The number of members in set A is 20 and the number of 22 members in set B is 16. If
only 4 members are in A and B, then how many are in A or B?
9. If n(AU B)1) = 5, n (AU B) = 9, n(μ) = 25, n(A) = 13. Find n(B).
10. Given two sets A and B and a universal set μ defined to contain positive integers Z such
that:
A = { x U z+: x < 10} B = { x U z+: x is even and x ≤ 10} C = { x z+: x ≤ 20}
Find: (a) n(AU B)
(b) n(A1 U B1) (c) n (A1U B1)
10. PAMA Enterprise Ltd produces 3 products x, y and z of which 200 people questioned on
a market research programme yielded the following results: 85 used x, 111used y, 73 used z,
59 used x and y, 53 used y and z, 32 used x and z and 20 used all products. How many use:
(a) Just one of the products
(b) None of the products
(c) Exactly two products
11. 49 students in the sciences performed three experiments: titration, dissection and
ionization. Of these, 36 did titration, 9 dissections, and 6 did both titration and dissection. All
those who did ionization also did titration. The number of those who did titration only is half
the number of those who 23 did dissection only. Let x be the number of students who did all
3 types of experiments.
Required:
Draw a venn diagram to show the above facts and hence find x
12. In a particular Insurance Life Office (ILO) employees Smith, Jones, Williamson and
Brown have A levels, with Smith and Brown also having a degree. Smith, Melville,
Williamson, Tyler, Moore and Knight are associate members of the chartered Insurance
Institute (ACII) with Tyler and Moore having A levels.
Identify set A as those employees with A levels, set Cas those employees who are ACII
and set D as graduates.
Required
(a) Specify the elements of set A, C and D.
(b) Draw a venn diagram representing set A, C and D, together with their known
elements
(c) What special relationship exists between set A and D ?
(d) Specify the elements of the following sets and for each set state in words what
information is being conveyed.
(viii) A∩ C
(ix)D U C
(x) D ∩ C
(e) What should be a suitable universal set for this situation?
13. A survey was carried by a local chamber of commerce, one of the aims being to
discover to what extent computer were being used by firms in that area. 32 firms had
both stock control and payroll computerized, 65 firms had just one of these two
functions computerized and 90 firms had a computerized payroll. If 22 firms had
neither of these two functions computerized.
Required
How many firms were included in the survey?
14. (a) Use the algebra of set to simplify the expression (A U B )c ∩ (Ac ∩ B)
(b)An advertising agency finds that of its 170 clients, 115 use television, 100 use radio,
130 use magazine, 75 use television and radio, 95 use radio and magazine, 85 use television
and magazine and 70 use all three.
Required
Using a venn diagram, determine how many use radio or magazine.
