TECHNOLOGY
LAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
CONTROL SYSTEMS -I
LAB
EXPERIMENT NO. o
AIM:
(a) Measurement of resistance using potentiometer.
measurement of
(b)Study ofpotentiometer as transducer and Sensitivity
potentiometer.
error detector.
(c)Study of potentiometer as
INSTRUMENTS REQIRED:-
1. Multimeter
2. Potentiometer
THEORY:
POTENTIOMETER
Potentiometer is simple reliable devices for measuring mechanical displacement. A
potentiometer is a simple voltage divider with three terminals -two fixed terminals and
third movable terminal attached to a jockey. The total resistance of the potentiometer is
spread out uniformly linearly for translatory measurement and in helical form for angular
measurement. If a fixed reference voltage is applied at the fixed terminals it is easy to see
that the voltage output of the movable terminal is proportional to displacement.
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WORKING:
The symbolic circuit represcntation of potentiometer is crror detcclor shown in ligurc
desired
A and is held fixed at a
u Shajt is coupled to the notentiomcter marked
markedB and
gar position say Or while the output shafl couplcd to the potentiometer
the variable point of the
pOSition is indicated t h e potential difference between
as
potentiometer A and B is proportional to the angular difference (fr-60).
Error is given by
e a (er-00)
e=k(Gr-0o)
POTENTIOMETER CHARACETRISTICS:
As already discussed a potentiometer gives a change in resistance that is linearly related
with shaft position if Ri is the total resistance over range 0 to 345° then value of
resistance R at any shaft position 6i is given by
R R 6
resistance can be measured directly by digital resistance meter. Potentiometer devices
represent zero order system k = E, is the_sensitivity of the system over its range of
operation where sensitivity is expressed as volts/full scale mechanical travel of wiper.
SENSITIVITY OF POTENTIOMETER:
Sensitivity is normallys given as volts per full-scale mechanical travel of the wiper. T'he
input exicitation voltage is limited by the dissipating wattage which cause the
temperature of winding wire to raise to a specific level. This voltage level depends upon
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ERROR DETECTODR
Error detectors are used to measure the
signal in control systems. The orror is the
error
difference between actual magnitude of the
output and the magnitude of the desired
output the magnitude of the desired output is held constant as a relerence and also termed
as
input. Thus any deviation from the desired output results in ernor
signa
POTENTIOMETER AS ERROR DETECTOR
The potentiometer error detector consist up of two identical
potentiometers electrieally
connected in parallel and
supplied by a voltage source .lf one potentiometer is used as an
reference and as output
potentiometer then differential input of two shaît position
(reference & output) gives the error between their
respective position.
Potentiometer error detector is based
upon one of the principles of
transduction i.e. variable resistance.
Major four principles of transduction are:
1) variable resistance
2) variable inductance
3) variable capacitance
4) synchros and resolvers
The sensing element is basically a resistance
Attached to an insulated
potentiometer with a movable wiper
plunger type shaft, mechanieally
measurement. The contact motion linking point under
can be
thus allowing measurement
translation, rotation or a combination
of two
of rotary or translatory
made to move displacements. A sliding contact is
linearly over a resistance element i.e. wire.
If one
potentiometer is used as reference potentiometer and
other potentiormeter as
potentiometer then differential input of two shaft ouput
respective positions.
positions gives the error between their
EEDCONTROL LAB/2006
wire, and the
characteristics of potcntiometer
thermal
the cooling conditions, the
transducer housing design. transducer are,
displaccment
potentiometer type
The major disadvantages of the
Poor dynamic response.
1)
vibration and shock.
2) Susceptibility to
3) Poor resolution
4) Presence of noise in signal.
PROCEDURE:
A. MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE.
measurement reference potentiometer is to be used.
1. For resistance
multimeter for
reference potentiometer to digital
2. Connect variable point and ground of
resistance measurement.
tabulate the result.
3. Measure the resistance from 0
to 345 in steps of 15" and
B.MEASURENT OFK'
to digital panel meter for
M. Connect ground point and variable point of reference point
voltage measurement.
meter
sensitivity,adjust pot
S e t reference potentiometer at 1800(5 turns) and adjust
to to read DPM 180
of 30 and measure the
3 . Slowly change the potentiometer from 0to 360 in steps
output voltage.
4. Plot graph of angular position against output volage.
5. From graph calculate the static sensitivity k'=Eo_ of' the device.
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C.ERROR MEASREMENT
Keep eference potentiometer at some position say 135
2Connect supply to reference
potentionmeter by shorting points A and B.
3.Connect DPM for voltage measurement acroes
variable points of two
4 Slowly potentiometers
change the output
potentiometer from 0 1o 300 in
proper steps and note the
differential output voltage.
5 Tabulate the resul
OBSERVATION TABLE:
A) Measurement of resistance.
Sr.no resistance
Plot the graph of angular position 0 against resistanceR.
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B) Measurement of sensitivity
Sr.no |voltage
Plot the graph of angular position against output Voltage .
C) Error measurement
Error (Or- eo) % error
| Sr.no
Res sapls
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