Original Article

Brief and complete title No more than 20 words; no more than 150 characters in total, including
spaces. Avoid using jargon, uncommon abbreviations, and punctuation.

Forename Surname1, Forename Surname1,2 and Forename Surname1*

1
Dept/Program/Center, Institution, City, State, Postcode, Country
2
Dept/Program/Center, Institution, City, State, Postcode, Country
*
Correspondence: Corresponding Author Name, Dept/Program/Center, Institution,
City, State, Postcode, Country; [email protected]
ORCID of each author Optional, but strongly encouraged.

Abstract Structured abstract with four sections. No more than 300 words. No footnotes and references.
Aim: Highlight the purpose of the study.
Methods: Briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied.
Results: Summarize the article’s main findings.
Conclusions: Indicate the main conclusions or interpretations.

Keywords Three to eight keywords.

Keyword 1, keyword 2, keyword 3

Introduction This is heading level 1.

The introduction should briefly describe the background of the study in a broad
context and highlight its importance and purpose. The current state of the research
field should be reviewed carefully and key publications cited if necessary.
Subheadings and conclusions are not permitted in this part.

Materials and methods

This section should provide sufficient details of the experiment especially new
methods and protocols so that all procedures can be repeated by other researchers.
Well-established methods should be briefly described and appropriately cited. This
section can be divided into headed subsections. The registration number of all clinical
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trials should be listed at the end of the abstract if the article includes such trials, e.g.,
The Trial Registration Number: CRD12345678910; NCT12345678.

Results
This section should provide a concise and precise description of the experimental
results, interpretation as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn. This
section can be divided by subheadings. Tables, figures, photographs and other
appropriate forms can be used and numbered in order.

Advice on tables and figures This is heading level 2.

All tables and figures should be placed after the paragraph where it first appears and
should be cited in numeric order in the main text.
Tables This is heading level 3.
All tables should be cited in a consecutive order as Table 1, Table 2, etc.; each table
must have a descriptive caption above the table; when numerical measurements are
given, the units should be included in the column heading; vertical rules should not be
used; tables may have footnotes according to the actual need; reasonable explanation
about footnotes is needed.
Table 1. This is the table caption

Structure Time (h) Temperature (°C)

entry 1 data※ data
entry 2 data data
※
: Please explain what “※” stands for
Figures
All figures should be cited in a consecutive order as Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.; each
figure must have an accompanying caption under the figure which includes a title and,
preferably, a brief description; all labels (symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters) and
non-standard abbreviations should be explained in the figure caption. All original
figure files should be uploaded when manuscripts are submitted.

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Figure 1. Three graphics of shape. A: Pentacle; B: arrow; C: pentagon

Discussion
This section should indicate the significance of the results and compare them with
previous works using relevant references. Future research directions can also be
highlighted.

Abbreviations
Please explain all the abbreviations included in the manuscript in alphabetical order.
For example,

FBS: fetal bovine serum

HGF: hepatocyte growth factor

Declarations
Acknowledgments Optional
Authors may acknowledge those individuals who provided help during the research
and preparation of the manuscript. This section is not added if the author does not
have anyone to acknowledge.

Author contributions
The contributions of each author should be described. The journal adopts the CRediT
Taxonomy to describe each author’s individual contributions to the work. The
corresponding author(s) is responsible for providing the contributions of all authors at
submission. We expect that all authors will have reviewed, discussed, and agreed to
their individual contributions ahead of this time. Contributions will be published with
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the final article, and they should accurately reflect contributions to the work. The
roles are not intended to define what constitutes authorship.

Use initials of Forename and Surname when mentioning an author in this section. If
the initials are the same, spell the different forename or surname. For example, John
A. Smith: JA Smith, John A. Smart: JA Smart; John A. Smith: John AS, James A.
Smith: James AS.

An example of an Authors’ Contribution statement using CRediT with degree of

contribution:

“AB: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing-original draft, Writing-review &

editing. CDE: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing-original draft, Writing-
review & editing. FG: Validation, Writing-review & editing, Supervision. All authors
read and approved the submitted version.”

Conflicts of interest
Authors need to reveal any possible conflicts of interest. If there are no conflicts of
interest, authors should state “The authors declare that they have no conflicts of
interest.”.

Ethical approval
Please indicate “The XXX study was approved by the YYY (Ethics Committee name
and the reference number if any).”. If a manuscript does not involve such issue, please
state “Not applicable.” in this section.

Consent to participate
The informed consent to participate in the study should be obtained from the
participants, or their parents or legal guardians for children under 16. Authors should
state “Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all
participants.”. If a manuscript does not involve such issue, please state “Not
applicable.” in this section.

Consent to publication

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Authors must obtain the consent for publication from the participants in cases where
manuscripts involve the privacy issues, like showing the individual details (images or
videos). Authors should state “Informed consent to publication was obtained from
relevant participants.”. If a manuscript does not involve such issue, please state “Not
applicable.” in this section.

Availability of data and materials

Authors should declare where the data supporting their findings can be found. For
example, “The datasets [GENERATED/ANALYZED] for this study can be found in
the [NAME OF REPOSITORY] [LINK].”. More examples are available at Author
Instructions of each journal. Authors who cannot share their data should state that the
data will not be shared and explain why. If a manuscript does not involve such issue,
please state “Not applicable.” in this section.

Funding
All sources of funding should be declared by naming financially supporting bodies
followed by any associated grant numbers in square brackets. Authors must describe
the role of the study sponsor(s), if any, in the study design; in the collection, analysis
and interpretation of the data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to
submit the paper for publication. If a manuscript does not involve any funding, please
state “Not applicable.” in this section.

Copyright
© The Author(s) Year.

References
The endnote style can be downloaded from the Author Instructions page of individual
journal.
References should be numbered in order of appearance and presented as numerals in
square brackets in the article. For example:
1. …biochemistry, pharmacology and immunology [1-4]
2. …biochemistry, pharmacology and immunology [2, 3]

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3. …biochemistry, pharmacology and immunology [1-4, 6]
4. Shorol [1] suggested that …
5. Shorol and Obama [1], suggested that …
6. Shorol and Obama et al.[1], suggested that …
Cited literature should be listed as the following format in References.
1. Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al.
Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical
contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935:40-6.
2. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected
patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:284-7.
3. Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin-og jusstudenter.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122:785-7. Norwegian.
4. Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with
short- and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison with
sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9.
5. Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of balancing
selection in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Forthcoming 2002.
6. Alvarez R. Near optimal neural network estimator for spectral x-ray photon
counting data with pileup. arXiv:1702.01006v1 [Preprint]. 2017 [cited 2017 Feb
9]: [11 p.]. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.01006
7. Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology.
4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.
8. Gilstrap LC 3rd, Cunningham FG, VanDorsten JP, editors. Operative obstetrics.
2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
9. Breedlove GK, Schorfheide AM. Adolescent pregnancy. 2nd ed. Wieczorek RR,
editor. White Plains (NY): March of Dimes Education Services; 2001.
10. Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid
tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer.
New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

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11. Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza’s computational effort statistic
for genetic programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C, Tettamanzi
AG, editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5th
European Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland.
Berlin: Springer; 2002. p. 182-91.

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