QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Introductio
n
Solved
examples
Exercise 4.1
What is a Quadratic Equation?
A polynomial of the form ax2 +
bx + c,
where a, b and c are real
numbers and a ≠ 0 is a
When we equate a quadratic
quadratic polynomial
polynomial to zero, we get a
quadratic equation.
Standard Form of a Quadratic
Equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a, b and c are real numbers
and a ≠ 0.
‘a’ is the coefficient of x2.
It is called the quadratic coefficient.
‘b’ is the coefficient of x.
It is called the linear coefficient.
‘c’ is the constant term.
Solved examples 4.1
2 Ex 1 2 Ex 2
(i) (i)
2 Ex 1 2 Ex 2
(ii) (ii)
2 Ex 2
(iii)
2 Ex 2
(iv)
Ex 1 (i) : Represent this
mathematically - John and Jivanti
together have 45 marbles. Both of
them lost 5 marbles each, and the
product of the number of marbles they
now have is 124. We would like to find
out how
John’s many marbles
marbles they
= Jivanti’s had to =
marbles
start
x with. 45 - x
After losing 5 marbles
each,= x -
John Jivanti = 45 - x - = 40 -
5
Product is 5 (x – 5) (40 - x) x
=
40x x2 – 200 +124
124,–so 5x =
–124
x2 + 45x - 324 = x2 - 45x + 324 =
Ex 1 (ii) : Represent this mathematically - A
cottage industry produces a certain number
of toys in a day. The cost of production of
each toy (in rupees) was found to be 55
minus the number of toys produced in a
day. On a particular day, the total cost of
production was Rs 750. We would like to
find
Toysout
onthe thenumber of toys
day Cost ofproduced
each = 55on - x
that
= x day. (x)=(55 - x)= 750
Total cost on the day
55x – x2 =
750
55x – x2 – 750 =
0
- 55x + x2 + 750 = 0
x2 - 55x + 750 = 0
To check whether a given
equation is quadratic or not,
first write the given equation
in its simplest form
Then, compare it with the
standard form of a quadratic
equation; ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠
0.
Ex 2 : Check whether it is a quadratic
equation:
(i) (x – 2)2 + 1 = 2x – 3
Ex 2 : Check whether it is a quadratic
equation:
(ii) x(x + 1) + 8 = (x + 2) (x
– 2)
Be careful! The given equation
appears to be quadratic but it is not.
Ex 2 : Check whether it is a quadratic
equation:
(iii) x(2x + 3) = x2 + 1
Ex 2 : Check whether it is a quadratic
equation:
(iv) (x + 2)3 = x3 – 4
Be careful! The given equation
appears to be cubic but it is actually
Exercise NCERT Textbook
4.1
1. 2 marks each
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(viii
(v) (vi) (vii)
)
2. 2 marks each
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Q1. Check whether the following are
quadratic equations :
(i) (x + 1)2 = 2 (x – 3)
x2 + 2x + 1 = 2x – 6
x2 + 2x + 1 - 2x + 6 = 0
x2 + 7 =
0
It is a quadratic equation;
as it is of the form ax2 + bx + c =
0.
Q1. Check whether the following are
quadratic equations :
(ii) x2 – 2x = (–2) (3 – x)
x2 - 2x = – 6 + 2x
x2 - 2x + 6 - 2x = 0
x2 – 4x + 6 =
0
It is a quadratic equation;
as it is of the form ax2 + bx + c =
0.
Q1. Check whether the following are
quadratic equations :
(iii) (x – 2) (x + 1) = (x – 1) (x + 3)
x2 + x – 2x – 2 = x2 + 2x – 3
x2 – x – 2 – x2 – 2x + 3 = 0
– 3x + 1 = 0
It is NOT a quadratic equation;
as it is NOT of the form ax2 + bx +
c = 0.
Q1. Check whether the following are
quadratic equations :
(iv) (x – 3) (2x + 1) = x (x + 5)
2x2 + x – 6x – 3 = x2 + 5x
2x2 – 5x – 3 – x2 – 5x = 0
x2 – 10x – 3 =
0
It is a quadratic equation;
as it is of the form ax2 + bx + c =
0.
Q1. Check whether the following are
quadratic equations :
(v) (2x – 1) (x – 3) = (x + 5) (x – 1)
2x2 – 6x – x + 3 = x2 – x + 5x – 5
2x2 – 7x + 3 – x2 – 4x + 5 = 0
x2 – 11x + 8 =
0
It is a quadratic equation;
as it is of the form ax2 + bx + c =
0.
Q1. Check whether the following are
quadratic equations :
(vi) x2 + 3x + 1 = (x – 2)2
x2 + 3x + 1 = x2 - 4x + 4
3x + 1 = - 4x + 4
7x – 3 = 0
It is NOT a quadratic equation;
as it is NOT of the form ax2 + bx +
c = 0.
Q1. Check whether the following are
quadratic equations :
(vii) (x + 2)3 = 2x (x2 – 1)
x3 + 8 + 3 (2x) (x + 2) = 2x3 – 2x
x3 + 8 + 6x2(x
++ 2) -=
12x 2x
=2x
2x3 33 –
+– 2x
2x = 0
– x3 + 6x2 + 14x + 8
=0
It is NOT a quadratic equation;
as it is NOT of the form ax2 + bx +
c = 0.
Q1. Check whether the following are
quadratic equations :
(viii) x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = (x – 2)3
x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = x3 - 8 - 3 (2x) (x -
2)
x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 -=xx33+- 8 +
- 6x +- -12x
6x2(x
2
2) =
0
2x2 - 13x + 9 = 0
It is a quadratic equation;
as it is of the form ax2 + bx + c =
0.
Q2. Write as a quadratic equation :
(i) The area of a rectangular plot is
528 m2. The length of the plot (in
metres) is one more than twice its
breadth. We need to find the length
and breadth of the plot.
Let the breadth of the plot be x m.
Then, length of the plot = (2x + 1) m
Area of the plot = Length x Breadth
528 = x (2x + 1)
528 = 2x2 +
x
2x2 + x - 528 = ... Required
0 Equation
Q2. Write as a quadratic equation :
(ii) Product of two consecutive
positive integers is 306. We need to
find the integers.
Let two consecutive positive integers
be x , x + 1.
Then, we have : x (x + 1) = 306
x2 + x = 306
x2 + x – 306 = ... Required
0 Equation
Q2. Write as a quadratic equation :
(iii) Rohan’s mother is 26 years older
than him. The product of their ages (in
years), 3 years from now, will be 360.
We would like to find Rohan’s present
age.
Let present age of Rohan be x yrs.
His mother’s present age = (x + 26)
yrs
After three years : Rohan’s age = (x +
3) yrs, Mother’s age = (x + 29) yrs
Then, we have : (x + 3) (x + 29) = 360
x2 + 29x + 3x + 87 =
360 2
x + 32x – 273 ... Required
=0 Equation
Q2. Write as a quadratic equation :
(iv) A train travels a distance of 480 km at a
uniform speed. If the speed had been 8
km/h less, then it would have taken 3
hours more to cover the same distance.
LetWetheneed
speedto of
find the
the speed
train be xofkm/h.
the train.
Distance travelled
Time taken for travelling = =in
by the train
480 km h= km
480
If the speed had been 8 km/h less, i.e. (x –
8) km/h,
Then, Time taken for travelling 480 km =
in h
Therefore, according to the given info :
=3+ -= =33
Q2. Write as a quadratic equation :
(iv) A train travels a distance of 480 km at a
uniform speed. If the speed had been 8
km/h less, then it would have taken 3
hours more to cover the same distance.
We need to find the speed of the train.
=3
=3
=3
=3
3= 0
=0 ... Required
Equation
