Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
13 views7 pages

Lecture 5

The document discusses convection as a mode of energy transfer between solid surfaces and adjacent fluids, highlighting the differences between forced and free convection. It also introduces Newton's law of cooling, which relates the rate of convection heat transfer to temperature differences, and emphasizes that the convection heat transfer coefficient is experimentally determined. Additionally, the document covers radiation as a form of energy transfer that does not require a medium, focusing on thermal radiation emitted by bodies due to their temperature.

Uploaded by

alinaser2366
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views7 pages

Lecture 5

The document discusses convection as a mode of energy transfer between solid surfaces and adjacent fluids, highlighting the differences between forced and free convection. It also introduces Newton's law of cooling, which relates the rate of convection heat transfer to temperature differences, and emphasizes that the convection heat transfer coefficient is experimentally determined. Additionally, the document covers radiation as a form of energy transfer that does not require a medium, focusing on thermal radiation emitted by bodies due to their temperature.

Uploaded by

alinaser2366
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

3/9/2024

CONVECTION
Convection is the mode of energy transfer between a solid surface and the adjacent
liquid or gas that is in motion, and it involves the combined effects of conduction
and fluid motion. The faster the fluid motion, the greater the convection heat
transfer. In the absence of any bulk fluid motion, heat transfer between a solid
surface and the adjacent fluid is by pure conduction. The presence of bulk motion
of the fluid enhances the heat transfer between the solid surface and the fluid, but
it also complicates the determination of heat transfer rates.

Forced vs free convection


• Convection is called forced convection if the fluid is
forced to flow over the surface by external means
such as a fan, pump, or the wind. In contrast,
convection is called natural (or free) convection if
the fluid motion is caused by buoyancy forces that
are induced by density differences due to the
variation of temperature in the fluid (Fig. 1–35).
• Heat transfer processes that involve change of phase
of a fluid are also considered to be convection
because of the fluid motion induced during the
process, such as the rise of the vapor bubbles during
boiling or the fall of the liquid droplets during
condensation.

1
3/9/2024

Newton’s law
• the rate of convection heat transfer is observed to be
proportional to the temperature difference, and is
conveniently expressed by Newton’s law of cooling

• The convection heat transfer coefficient h is not a property


of the fluid. It is an experimentally determined parameter
whose value depends on all the variables influencing
convection such as the surface geometry, the nature of
fluid motion, the properties of the fluid, and the bulk fluid
velocity. Typical values of h are given in Table 1–5.

2
3/9/2024

RADIATION
• Radiation is the energy emitted by matter in the form of electromagnetic waves
(or photons) as a result of the changes in the electronic configurations of the
atoms or molecules. Unlike conduction and convection, the transfer of heat by
radiation does not require the presence of an intervening medium.
• In heat transfer studies we are interested in thermal radiation, which is the form
of radiation emitted by bodies because of their temperature. It differs from other
forms of electromagnetic radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, microwaves, radio
waves, and television waves that are not related to temperature.
• Radiation is a volumetric phenomenon, and all solids, liquids, and gases emit,
absorb, or transmit radiation to varying degrees. However, radiation is usually
considered to be a surface phenomenon for solids that are opaque to thermal
radiation such as metals, wood, and rocks since the radiation emitted by the
interior regions of such material can never reach the surface, and the radiation
incident on such bodies is usually absorbed within a few microns from the surface

3
3/9/2024

4
3/9/2024

5
3/9/2024

6
3/9/2024

You might also like