1.
Algebra
Simplifying Algebraic Expressions: Understanding how to simplify expressions involving variables,
constants, and coefficients.
Solving Linear Equations: Solving for unknowns in equations of the form ax+b=cax+b=c.
Systems of Equations: Solving systems of equations, both graphically and algebraically (substitution
and elimination methods).
Inequalities: Solving and graphing linear inequalities and systems of inequalities.
Exponents and Powers: Understanding laws of exponents, operations with exponents, and applying
them in simplifying expressions.
Quadratic Equations: Solving quadratic equations using factoring, completing the square, and the
quadratic formula.
Polynomials: Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and factoring polynomials.
Functions and Relations: Understanding and interpreting functions, domain and range, and function
notation.
2. Geometry
Basic Geometric Shapes: Identifying and calculating properties of common shapes like triangles,
quadrilaterals, circles, and polygons.
Perimeter, Area, and Volume: Calculating the perimeter, area, and volume of various geometric
figures.
Angles and Triangles: Understanding angle relationships, including complementary, supplementary,
and vertical angles, and solving problems involving angles in triangles.
Pythagorean Theorem: Applying the Pythagorean theorem to find missing side lengths in right
triangles.
Coordinate Geometry: Working with points, lines, slopes, and midpoints on the coordinate plane.
Congruence and Similarity: Identifying and proving geometric properties related to congruence and
similarity of shapes.
3. Statistics and Probability
Data Collection and Organization: Organizing and displaying data using charts, tables, and graphs (bar
graphs, histograms, pie charts).
Measures of Central Tendency: Calculating mean, median, and mode, and understanding their use in
analyzing data.
Probability: Understanding the basic principles of probability, including calculating the probability of
simple events.
Scatterplots and Trends: Analyzing data trends using scatterplots and understanding correlation.
Probability Distributions: Working with basic probability distributions, such as uniform and normal
distributions.
4. Ratios, Proportions, and Percents
Ratios and Proportions: Solving problems involving ratios, rates, and proportions.
Percents: Understanding and applying percentages in real-life contexts, including calculating
discounts, tax, and interest.
5. Number Sense
Rational and Irrational Numbers: Understanding the difference between rational and irrational
numbers and performing operations with them.
Fractions, Decimals, and Percents: Converting between fractions, decimals, and percentages, and
performing operations on them.
Integer Operations: Understanding and performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
with integers.
Prime Numbers and Factorization: Recognizing prime numbers and using prime factorization.
6. Measurement
Units of Measurement: Understanding and converting between different units of measurement
(length, mass, volume, time).
Perimeter, Area, and Volume: Applying measurement formulas to calculate perimeter, area, and
volume in various contexts.
7. Graphing and Functions
Graphing Linear Equations: Understanding the slope-intercept form and graphing linear equations.
Slope and Intercept: Finding and interpreting the slope and y-intercept of a linear equation.
Transformations: Applying transformations such as translations, rotations, reflections, and dilations to
geometric figures.
