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GRAAD 12

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

RELIGION STUDIES P1

FEBRUARY/MARCH 2018

MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 150

These marking guidelines consist of 13 pages.

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Religion Studies/P1 2 DBE/Feb –Mar. 2018
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SECTION A (COMPULSORY)
QUESTION 1
1.1 1.1.1 B√ (1)
1.1.2 A√ (1)
1.1.3 D√ (1)
1.1.4 B√ (1)
1.1.5 C√ (1)
1.1.6 A√ (1)
1.1.7 C√ (1)
1.1.8 C√ (1)
1.1.9 B√ (1)
1.1.10 D√ (1)
1.2 1.2.1 G√ (1)
1.2.2 E√ (1)
1.2.3 D√ (1)
1.2.4 F√ (1)
1.2.5 C√ (1)
1.2.6 A√ (1)
1.3 1.3.1 Siddhartha Gautama√√ (2)
1.3.2 Caliph√√ (2)
1.3.3 Brahman/Smartas√√ (2)
1.3.4 Anglican√√ (2)
1.3.5 Diviners/Izangoma/Amagqirha √√ (2)
1.4 1.4.1  It is a belief in many supreme beings.√
 It could also mean many manifestations of one God. √ (2)
1.4.2  A substitute for religion√
 It is a system or a set of beliefs.√
 Values and opinions that determine the way a person or a group
behaves and thinks. √
 It is the science of ideas. √ (2)

1.4.3  They believe that a being is born into a next life over and over
again.√
 The rebirth of the soul or spirit in a new body. √ (2)

1.4.4  It is the acceptance of things as they are.√

 A person in Nirvana can make decisions and choices not out of
emotional turmoil and suffering, but from a position of knowing
the consequences of his or her actions. √ (2)

1.4.5  A small religious group. √

 It is regarded by mainstream religion as deviating from the
original teachings. √ (2)

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1.5 1.5.1 False, √ yoga is a spiritual discipline including breath control,

simple meditation, and specific body postures.√
Baptism is a sacrament in which a convert is made a full member
of a particular Christian community. (2)

1.5.2 False,√ in Taoism, spontaneity and flexibility are the characteristics

of the path that the universe travels.√ (2)

1.5.3 False,√ the Ten Commandments were revealed to Moses. (2)

1.5.4 True.√√ (2)

1.5.5 False,√ it is a sacred text for the Latter Day saints Movement.√
False, the sacred text of the Baha'i Faith is called Kitab-i-Aqdas (2)

1.6 1.6.1  It is a set of religious beliefs or principles. √

 It is another word for 'teaching'. √
 It provides the central frame of reference for a religion. √ (2)

1.6.2  It comes from the Greek word 'mythos' which means 'word' or
'fable'.√
 It is those religious stories in which deep truths about life are
revealed. √
 They are sacred stories that explain why the world is as it is and
the nature of human experience. √ (2)

TOTAL SECTION A 50

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SECTION B

QUESTION 2

2.1 2.1.1  Difference is the opposite of similarity.

 It can be used to differentiate between specific religions.
 Example: Christians believe that the Messiah has already come
to the world whereas those who believe in the Jewish faith are
still waiting for the Messiah. (4)

2.1.2  Teachings come from the verb 'to teach', i.e. to impart
knowledge.
 In the context of religion, it refers to imparting knowledge,
values, attitudes and norms.
 Teachings communicate the deeper meanings of the world and
how life operates.
 Teachings also mean to give systematic information about a
subject.
 In some religions, teachings are highly significant whilst in
others they are less important.
 Example: Buddhism is far less inclined to stress systematic
teachings than most Christian groups. (4)
2.1.3  This is the way of Higher Truths.
 Dharma implies the universal laws of nature that uphold the
cosmos.
 It is also the way of the doctrines in the Buddhist religion.
 Dharma carries the teachings of Buddha.
 Dharma integrates within its meaning certain concepts.
 For example: Justice, virtue, morality, righteousness, law and
duty. (4)

2.1.4  Syncretism is a state in which two different belief systems are

combined to form one.
 This can be experienced in the African Indigenous Churches in
which Christianity is combined with the African Traditional
Religion.
 Another example is Sikhism which combines Hinduism and
Islam. (4)

2.1.5  This is where an adherent believes that only their view of divinity
is true.
 In this case the believer also believes that other religious views
different from his or hers are false.
 For example in Christianity: Jesus Christ is believed to be the
only ONE who is the way and the truth and that He is God
himself. (4)

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2.2 2.2.1 Christianity

 Christians believe that God sent His Son, Jesus Christ to save
the world from sin, so that all humanity can live forever.
 Christians believe that Jesus is God's Son.
 Christians believe and teach that Jesus was resurrected from
the dead after He was crucified.
 Jesus is the only true Messiah that God sent to earth and that
one day He will return. (6)

2.2.2 Taoism
 According to Taoism, divinity refers to any being or object that is
divine or god-like.
 The Tao that can be told of is the eternal Tao.
 According to Taoism, all things come from being, and being
comes from non-being.
 Everything consists of two things: Yin and Yang. (6)

2.2.3 African Traditional Religion

 In the African Traditional Religion, there is no special day of
worship.
 The emphasis is on practice.
 Individualism is discouraged; it is regarded as inhuman
(communal way of life).
 The moral order in African Traditional religion is characterised
by the concept of 'ubuntu.'
 They believe in ancestors. (6)

2.3  Uniqueness in a religion helps the members to explain why they have
chosen that religion.
 Uniqueness helps the members to strengthen their faith.
 It also helps members to identify who belongs and who does not belong.
 Uniqueness of various religions assists in enriching the wider society with
values and morality.
 Uniqueness also provides believers with reasons for why their religion is
'best'.
 It provides the features that distinguish each religion from the other.
 Uniqueness strengthens the unity of the members in a particular religion. (12)
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QUESTION 3

3.1

3.1.1  It teaches that South Africans can be a united people, despite their
apartheid past.
 Religion should not be a divisive force.
 This is evidenced by the fact that numerous religions were
accommodated at the funeral.
 We should never be divided along racial lines: we should see one
another as human beings.
 This is shown by the fact that Kathrada was married to a White
woman, in a time when inter-racial marriages were illegal.
 A person who made great sacrifices for humanity will always be
acknowledged and respected.
 This is clear as many political organisations, race groups and
religions paid respect to Kathrada.
 No race group should be dominated by another. This will bring
about racial harmony.
NOTE: Other relevant responses must be accepted. (12)

3.1.2  There is utmost respect and tolerance for religious differences.

 This is demonstrated by the fact that an Anglican Archbishop
prayed at a Muslim funeral.
 Also, many religions were represented.
 In addition, racial differences are overcome
 Racial stereotypes are challenged, as Kathrada's wife was white
and an activist in the freedom movement.
 Freedom of speech is respected.
 Ahmed Kathrada's wish that the President of the country step
down was read out at the funeral.
 South Africans remember and honour the sacrifices of one of
South Africa's veterans in the liberation of our country.
 This is why the funeral was attended by people of all races and
religions.
NOTE: Other relevant responses must be accepted. (12)

3.1.3  There is much negativity about South Africa, in terms of its

economic and political challenges.
 Despite this, Ahmed Kathrada's funeral illustrated that racial and
religious differences can be overcome.
 As long as there is hope, people will strive for a better South
Africa.
 Although the odds are stacked against us, there is hope that we
shall overcome these challenges. (6)

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3.1.4 Advantages
 Social media presents up-to-date information to the public.
 Religious organizations can use social media to promote
themselves.
 Different religions can use media to announce their activities e.g.
Easter celebrations in Christianity, Diwali celebrations in Hinduism.
 Individuals can also air their views on different aspects of life.
 Social media can assist in ensuring that messages that are
intended for specific sections of the community reach the intended
recipients.
 They can also use media to convey messages of hope to the
whole nation. (6)
Disadvantages
 It can promote radical personal opinions that may impact
negatively on significant religious issues.
 It can be an effective tool for religious propaganda.
 It may cause degeneration of moral values in society, as children
can have easy access to undesirable material.
 People can become addicted to media and live self-centred lives. (6)

3.2  Reporters often do not have the specialist knowledge to interpret religious
issues.
 The media relies on generation of income. They therefore report
selectively on issues that will sell newspapers.
 Editorial decisions are influenced by political interests.
 Advertisers also influence how religious issues are covered in the media.
NOTE: Other relevant points must be credited. (8)
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QUESTION 4

4.1 4.1.1  Colonialism is a policy or practice where a wealthy or powerful

nation maintains control over other countries/nations.
 According to the extract, colonialism refers to the taking of land
by white people without the permission of the indigenous
occupants.
 Under the pretext of religion, colonialists stole the land.
 Colonialists used religion to subjugate (control) the indigenous
people.
 Colonialists used prayer and the Bible to take away the land
from their owners. (4)

4.1.2 YES
 The majority of Africans in our country are Christians.
 This is the influence of Christian missionaries.
 However, they do not own the land, but they are like foreigners
in their own country.
 The blacks, who are the majority in South Africa, are excluded
from the economy of the country because they have no land.
 Most black South Africans live in informal settlements which
have no infrastructure, because the ownership of the land is in
question.
 The white monopoly capitalists are the owners of the land in our
country. They used illegal methods to take land from indigenous
blacks.
 Christianity was used as a tool to take the land that belonged to
the Africans.
NO
 Missionaries had come to spread the Gospel of Christ.
 Missionaries introduced health services.
 They also introduced education and built schools.
 The white man brought technology for the benefit of all.
 They facilitated the development of indigenous languages and
translated the Bible into different African languages.
 This shows that they were sincere in propagating the religion.
 The issue of land ownership is a complex one, with some land
belonging to tribal authorities.
 Individual ownership of that land is not permissible.
 The government is still dealing with the land claim issue. (12)

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4.1.3  Interreligious dialogue refers to the communication between two

or more religions.
 Intrareligious dialogue occurs between two or more branches of
the same religion.
 Interreligious dialogue occurs on matters of common interest
and particular issues that different religions find necessary to
engage on.
 Intrareligious dialogue takes place when the branches of the
same religion engage each other on matters of common interest
and other issues that may be found necessary to be discussed.
 An example of intrareligious dialogue is the dialogue between
the Catholic and Protestant branches of Christianity through the
Lutheran World Council.
 An example of interreligious dialogue is the World Conference
of Religions for Peace which was established in 1961. (8)

4.2 EXAMPLE 1: Name of the Organisation

Interfaith Action for Peace in Africa
Achievements:
 Bringing together religious communities, civil society, private sector and
governments.
 Being inclusive of different religions e.g. African Traditional Religion,
Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Baha'i Faith.
 It has been able to send its delegation to the areas of conflict.
 Its members have also been able to bring conflicting groups together in
reaching understanding and co-operation among each other.
 The members of this organisation have been able to participate in the
legislative election in Togo.
 They have been able to organise exchange visits between landmine
victims and survivors from Ethiopia, South Sudan and Uganda.
 They were also participating in the World Social Forum held in Kenya
(2007).
 They also sent women's delegation to Nordic countries.
 They were also successful in forming IFAPA Women Network.
 This organisation was also able to organise the Nakanyonyi Youth
consultation forum.

EXAMPLE 2: Name of the Organisation

African Women of Faith Network
Achievements:
 They have been able to solve some problems in Africa, such as poverty
and illness.
 They have also made an important contribution towards solving conflict in
Africa.
 They have made a contribution towards change and development in Africa.
 They have also been successful in dealing with challenges of poverty and
lack of education faced by women in African communities.
 They have worked to uplift women by teaching them skills and providing
financial support.

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 They have also worked hard towards educating women about their human
rights.
 They have also made a significant contribution towards the fight against
HIV and AIDS pandemic.
 They have managed to make a considerable contribution towards bringing
about peace and justice in Africa as a whole.
NOTE: Other Africa-based organisations must be credited. (16)

4.3 Interfaith Action for Peace in Africa

 This is a pan-African non-profit organisation.
 It was founded in 2002.
 This organisation was established to unite religious communities across
Africa.
 This organisation was also established to promote co-operation among
religions.
 It was also initiated to combine the efforts of different religions to work for
peace in the African continent.
African Women of Faith Network
 This organisation has strong connection with the African Council of
Religious Leaders (ACRL).
 This organisation is made up of women from different religious
organisations.
 It was formed so that women could make the contribution towards change
and development.
 This organisation was formed to in order to solve socio-economic problems
in Africa.
 The African Women of Faith Network was established so that it included
members from across the continent. (10)
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QUESTION 5

5.1  The World Conference of Religions for Peace (WCRP) has its branches in
many different countries of the world, which stand together against the use
of religion to support violence and human sufferings.
 The European Council of Religions Leaders, affiliate of the WCRP strongly
appealed to all religious leaders of all faiths to reject and do their best to
stop the on-going acts of violence and terror, which are carried in the name
of God.
 The WCRP and its affiliates responded strongly against the publication of
cartoons considered by Muslims to be offensive.
 The Western Europe Interfaith Youth Organisation through the
development of interfaith network have achieved their goal and played an
active role in the progression towards world peace.
 There is a general acceptance among religious groups that there is more
religious tolerance now than it used to be in the past due to WCRP.
NOTE: ANY relevant response must be credited. (8)

5.2  In African Traditional Religion, the principle of 'Ubuntu' places the needs of
the community above those of the individual. This ensures good morality,
as a person may not cause harm to others.
 In Christianity, the Ten Commandments speak to harmful actions that are
prohibited.
 This leads to good morality. e.g. 'love your neighbour as you love
yourself.'
 Islam teaches as follows: 'And in their wealth and possession there was
due share for the beggar and for one who is denied (goods).'
 This teaching encourages caring for the poor by means of compulsory
charity.
 According to Buddhism, devotees are taught to refrain from telling lies, but
to speak in a kind and purposeful way.
 According to Hinduism, one should 'speak words that are truthful, pleasant,
beneficial, and not causing distress or anxiety, as well as the study and
recitation of scriptures – this is austerity of speech.' (BG 17.15)
NOTE: Other relevant responses must be credited. (10)

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5.3  There was much more interfaith cooperation during the apartheid years.
 All religions were facing one common enemy which was apartheid.
 If an imam was killed in detention, Jews, Christians, Hindus and others
joined in the protest, just as they would for their own.
 The South African branch of the World Conference of Religions for Peace
(WCRP) led by Rev. Frank Chikane and Archbishop Desmond Tutu,
played a significant role.
 Different religions held joint prayer meetings to plead for the divine
intervention.
 Religious properties e.g. church buildings were used for political
gatherings.
 Religious communities led and participated in the public marches against
apartheid laws.
 Anti-apartheid groups included the South African Council of Churches
which was formed in 1968.
 The call of Islam was formed in 1984.
 Jews for justice was formed in 1985. (12)

5.4 5.4.1  The concept of religious freedom implies that everyone

everywhere has the freedom of choice to believe what they wish
to about God.
 It also means that people cannot be forced to convert to another
religion.
 In South Africa, people enjoy religious freedom, and the
Constitution prohibits unfair discrimination. (4)

5.4.2  The concept 'human rights' is believed to have existed for

centuries.
 Human rights refer to the inherent dignity of human beings
 Human rights are important since they protect human beings
from exploitation.
 Human rights are important since they acknowledge the equality
of every human being.
 Human rights provide all human beings with specific rights and
responsibilities. (4)

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5.4.3  In South Africa all religions use the opportunity provided by

government to participate in matters of State.
 An example of this is the NRLF (National Religious Leaders'
Forum), which advises on social challenges and religious
matters.
 Catholics and Muslims prayed together in Durban in 2016 to
demonstrate religious tolerance and religious freedom.
 Pope John-Paul II also visited the Palestinian and Jewish
communities preaching religious freedom and tolerance.
 The humanitarian organization Gift of the Givers is an inter-
religious organization that does charitable work across all
religious groups.
 In conflict areas like Sudan, religious organizations are involved
in finding solution against government who abuse humans'
rights.
 Inter-Faith Action for Peace in Africa (IFAPA) always sent its
delegates as observers in most African general elections.
 Every religion encourages its adherents to follow teachings that
promote human rights (12)
[50]

TOTAL SECTION B: 100

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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