Here’s a detailed, topic-wise Data Science roadmap for beginners with everything you need to
study, from basics to advanced concepts, arranged step-by-step:
Phase 1: Prerequisites
1. Mathematics
a. Linear Algebra
• Scalars, vectors, matrices, tensors
• Matrix multiplication, transpose, inverse
• Eigenvalues & eigenvectors
b. Calculus
• Derivatives & gradients
• Partial derivatives
• Chain rule (for backpropagation in ML)
c. Probability & Statistics
• Descriptive statistics: mean, median, mode, variance, std. deviation
• Probability distributions: binomial, normal, Poisson
• Bayes’ Theorem
• Sampling techniques
• Hypothesis testing (z-test, t-test, chi-square test)
• Confidence intervals
Phase 2: Programming in Python
2. Python for Data Science
• Data types, conditionals, loops
• Functions, lambda, map, filter
• File I/O, exception handling
• List comprehensions, dictionaries, sets
• Object-Oriented Programming basics
3. Essential Python Libraries
• NumPy – arrays, broadcasting, linear algebra
• Pandas – DataFrames, indexing, filtering, groupby, merging
• Matplotlib – basic plotting (line, bar, scatter)
• Seaborn – statistical visualizations (boxplot, heatmap)
Phase 3: Data Analysis and Visualization
4. Data Cleaning & Preprocessing
• Handling missing values (dropna, fillna)
• Dealing with duplicates
• Encoding categorical data (LabelEncoder, OneHotEncoder)
• Scaling (MinMaxScaler, StandardScaler)
• Feature engineering & selection
5. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
• Univariate analysis (histograms, boxplots)
• Bivariate analysis (scatter plots, pair plots)
• Correlation matrix & heatmaps
• Outlier detection
Phase 4: Machine Learning
6. Supervised Learning
a. Regression
• Linear Regression
• Polynomial Regression
• Regularization (Ridge, Lasso)
b. Classification
• Logistic Regression
• Decision Trees
• Random Forest
• K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
• Naive Bayes
• Support Vector Machines (SVM)
7. Unsupervised Learning
• Clustering (K-Means, Hierarchical, DBSCAN)
• Dimensionality Reduction (PCA, t-SNE)
8. Model Evaluation & Tuning
• Train-test split, cross-validation
• Confusion Matrix, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, ROC-AUC
• Grid Search, Random Search (Hyperparameter tuning)
Phase 5: Projects & Case Studies
9. Mini Projects
• Predict Titanic survival (Kaggle)
• House price prediction
• Stock price trend prediction
• Customer segmentation using K-means
• Movie recommendation system (Collaborative Filtering)
Phase 6: Deep Learning (Optional for Beginners)
10. Deep Learning Basics
• What is a Neural Network?
• Activation functions (ReLU, Sigmoid, Softmax)
• Loss functions (MSE, Cross-Entropy)
• Backpropagation
• Optimizers (SGD, Adam)
11. Deep Learning Frameworks
• TensorFlow & Keras (model creation, training, evaluation)
• PyTorch (for more advanced control)
12. Intro to Special Models
• CNNs – for image data
• RNNs, LSTMs – for time series or text
Phase 7: Deployment & Tools
13. Model Deployment
• Flask / FastAPI for serving ML models via REST API
• Streamlit for interactive dashboards
• Docker for containerization
• Git & GitHub for version control
• Google Colab & Jupyter Notebooks
14. Cloud Platforms (Basics)
• Google Cloud ML
• AWS Sagemaker
• Azure ML Studio
Bonus: Resources for Practice
Books
• “Python for Data Analysis” by Wes McKinney
• “Hands-On ML with Scikit-Learn, Keras & TensorFlow” by Aurélien Géron
• “Deep Learning” by Ian Goodfellow
Practice Platforms
• Kaggle
• Hackerrank
• LeetCode – Data Science Problems
• UCI ML Repository
Would you like a printable PDF roadmap or Notion template with all these stages in checklist
format? I can create one for you!
