Paintings perceived visual and physical properties.

It is
used to describe the way a three-dimensional
work feels when touched. In two-dimensional
Painting is a style of creating an
expression by applying colors to a flat surface models, such as painting, it may refer to the
or any visual "feel" of a piece (Isaac, 2017).
mediums like canvas, clay, glass, paper, walls,
Perspective. It is an art technique for creating
leaf, paper, or woods. Abstraction or
an illusion of three-dimension with depth and
composition, drawing, and other aesthetics may
space. Its real goal is creating a viewpoint for
serve to manifest the expressive and
the audiences that will best communicate the
conceptual intention of the artists (Mayer,
subject and serve its particular message.
1970). It is an unspoken and mostly
Perspective is the same as “viewpoint” and
unrecognized
“position.” It is what makes a painting seem to
dialogue, where paint speaks silently in masses
have form, distance, and look "real" (Evans,
and colors, and the artist responds in moods.
2002). It is projected according to its levels
Paint records the most delicate gesture. It tells
namely: foreground, middle ground, and
whether the painter sat or stood or crouched in
background.
front of the canvas (Elkins, 1998). It loaded with
narrative content, symbolism, or emotion.
A beautiful painting is not made by The foreground is the visual plane that appears
photographic likeness, but rather by good closer to the viewers. On the other hand, the
composition. middle ground is the part between the
For the artist, the harmony in his/her artwork
foreground and the part of which is which is
will depend on the selection of appropriate
called the background. The foreground of a
devices,
peculiar to the medium and the use of certain composition is the illustrative plane that
principles to relate them. A unique style appears closest to the viewer, while the
emerges background is the plane in a composition
when an artist recognizes his or her personal perceived farthest from the viewers. The middle
preference of dominant design elements and ground is the illustrative plane between the
consciously or unconsciously emphasizes these foreground and the background. The scale of
dominant elements (Ocvirk et al., 2008; Gatto, these elements often associates to the
2000). The significant aspects of the painting dominance in a picture. The foreground is
are the line, color, texture, perspective, shapes, frequently the most dominant due to the larger
and perceived size of the picture objects.
symbols (Nohay, 2018).
Shapes. It is an element in painting that helps
ELEMENTS OF PAINTING express ideas. It helps to interact, and
independently evoke agitation, purposeful
Line. It is the simplest element in the painting. energy, direction, etc. They maybe circles,
It has a continuous marking made by a rectangles,
moving point to outlines shape and can contour ovals, or square. It is an area with defined
areas within those outlines. It can suggest boundary created by a variety of color, value or
movement (vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and texture of the areas adjacent to it.
curved). Each line has its meaning: vertical line
stress action, strength, dynamism; horizontal Symbols. The Artists often include symbolic
lines means serenity, calmness, stability; objects in their paintings that have a special
diagonal meaning or a special message. It is
line express tension, movement; curved lines used to express ideas such as death, hope, life,
appear softness, flexibility, gentleness. etc.

Color. The Artists used colors to convey The Color Wheel and its Categories
feelings and moods within their painting. It is
the Colors play a fundamental role in our lives and
result of wavelengths of lights reflecting of how we
objects. It is composed of three distinct qualities respond to our environment. It is the visual
such as the hue, saturation, and value. Hue is perceptual property
merely the name of the color. Red, yellow, and corresponding in humans to the categories
the called blue, green, red, and others. It has two
blue are the primary color. Their mixture that main types, warm and cool colors.
produces the secondary colors are green, Significantly, a color wheel (also known as a
orange, color circle) is a visual representation of color
and purple. arranged based to their chromatic relationship.
It is a circle shape that is divided evenly into 12
Texture. It is a component of two-sided and
three-sided designs and distinguished by its
segments which display different color a) It is a sign of calmness and relaxation.
according to its pigment value. It also shows the b) It opens the flow of communication.
relationship between the primary colors, c) It broadens our perspective in learning
secondary colors, and complementary colors. new information.
Other d) It implies solitude and peace.
colors can also be categorized based on the
following: Yellow Color. This is considered as the easiest
color to recognize. It is symbol creativity and
Complementary Colors. These colors sit intellectual vitality. It also symbolizes wisdom,
contrary to each other on the color wheel. happiness and brings awareness and clarity.
Because they are opposites, they tend to look The yellow color is vital to human life because:
lively when used together. When you put a) It helps us in making decisions.
complementary colors together, each color b) It relieves us from burnout, panic,
seems more noticeable. Examples of these nervousness, exhaustion.
colors are red and green. c) It sharpens our memory and
concentration skills.
Analogous Colors. These colors sit next to d) It protects us from depression.
each other on the color wheel. They tend to look
pleasant together because they are closely
related. Orange, yellow-orange, and yellow are Mediums in Painting
an example of analogous colors.
There are different mediums in paintings
used today. It helps to describe the elements
Neutral Colors. They are sometimes called that bind the colors in the paint (Martin, 2004).
“earth tones.” These colors don’t usually show The following are examples of the methods
up on the color wheel. Neutral colors include used in painting:
black, white, gray, and occasionally brown and
beige. 1. Oil- It is the type of slow-drying paint that
consists of particles of pigment suspended in
Warm Colors. These colors are made with drying oils such as linseed oil, poppy seed oil,
orange, red, yellow or some combination of safflower oil and walnut oil.
these. Colors of the sunset give a feeling of 2. Pastel- It is an art medium in the shape of a
brightness and heat. stick or crayons. It consists of pure powdered
color and a binder. Dry pastel can be classified
Cool Colors. These colors are made with blue, as soft pastels, pan pastels, hard pastels,
green, purple or some combination of these. and pastel pencils.
These colors make you think of cool and 3. Acrylic- It is fast drying paint containing
peaceful things, like winter skies and still ponds. pigment suspension in acrylic polymer emulsion
which becomes water-resistant when dry.
Symbolism and Meaning of Primary 4. Watercolor- It is the medium which the
Colors paints are made of colors suspended in a water
soluble vehicle. It is usually transparent and
Colors can affect our actions and appears luminous because the pigments are
emotions and on how we respond to various laid down in a relatively pure form with few
people, things, and ideas. Much has been types of filler obscuring the pigment colors.
studied and written about color and its impact 5. Ink- It is a liquid that contains colors and
on our daily lives. dyes and is applied to a surface to produce an
image, text, or design. It is for drawing with a
Red Color. This is noted as the warmest of all brush, or pen.
types of colors. It is most chosen by extroverts 6. Encaustic- It is heated beeswax to which
and one of the top choices among males. It is a colored stains are added. The paste is then
color which is associated with fiery heat and applied to a wood-based canvas.
warmth and has strong symbolism about life 7. Fresco- It refers to any of several related
and vitality. It is also essential to human life mural painting types, executed on walls,
because: ceilings
a) It increases enthusiasm and interest. or any other kind of flat surface. The term
b) it gives more energy. fresco comes from the Italian word “affresco”
c) It reinforces action and confidence. which means “fresh.”
d) It protects us from fears and anxieties. 8. Gouache- It is a water-based paint
consisting of pigment and other materials
Blue Color. This is known as the calmest color designed to
like that of the sky and ocean. It is the color of be used in an opaque painting technique.
inspiration, sincerity, and spirituality and often 9. Enamel- It is a paint that air dries to a
the chosen color by conservative people. This durable, usually glossy and solid finish. It is
color is important to human life because: used
for outdoor coating surfaces or otherwise describe accurately and truthfully as
subject to variations in temperature. possible what is observed.
10. Spray paint- It is the type of paint that  Symbolism. It is an art that represents
comes in a sealed pressurized battle and the subject symbolically. For instance,
released the “Spoliarium” painting of Juan Luna
in a fine spray. depicts the suffering of the Filipino
11. Tempera- It is a permanent, fast-drying people from the hands of the Spaniards.
painting medium consisting of colored pigment Many works of art included by some
mixed with a water-soluble binder method. writers who cover the Symbolist era
were produced in the middle of the
century, or even before.
Classifications of Painting Styles  Fauvism. It refers to art that used
brilliant primary colors or color
Part of the desire in painting particularly in the illumination on subjects like pictures to
21st century is the variety of available art emphasize comfort, joy, and leisure. It
styles. The style in painting is in two senses: it comes from the French word fauves,
can refer to the distinctive visual elements, meaning “wild beasts” (this name refers
techniques, and methods that characterized to a small group of painters in Paris who
one’s artwork, and can refer to the movement exhibited works notable for the bold and
or school that associated to the artists. Such expressive use of pure color).
classifications include the following styles:  Cubism. It is a form of abstraction
wherein the object is first reduced to
Western Styles cubes and then flattened into two-
dimensional shapes. It has been
 Abstraction. It is an art in painting considered the most influential and
which does not attempt to represent an powerful art movement during the 20th
accurate depiction of a visual reality but century in Paris established by Georges
instead use colors, shapes, forms and Braque and Pablo Picasso
gestural marks to achieve its effect. It  Surrealism. It is a type of art wherein
may be formed by reducing the the artist creates dreamlike paintings
observable phenomenon, typically to that filled with mysterious objects. It is
retain only information which is relevant the opposite of abstraction that attempts
for a particular purpose. to portray the conscious mind through
 Expressionism. It is sometimes called unconventional means.
emotional realism. In this style, the
artists sought to express meaning or
emotional experience rather than
physical truth.
 Baroque. It is characterized by
dynamism (a sense of motion), which is
augmented by extravagant effects (e.g.,
sharp curves, rich decoration). Among
the most significant Baroque painters
are Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Rubens, Sculpture
Velazquez, Poussin, and Vermeer.
 Impressionism. It is a type of art Sculpture is from the Latin word
presenting the real-life subject with sculpere which means “to carve.” The tools
emphasis on the impression left in the used in sculpture are varied and is changing
artist’s perception, particularly the effect throughout history. It engages our sense
of light on the object used as a subject. differently than paintings because it occupies
 Modernism. It is characterized by a space as a three-dimensional mass through
cautious rejection of the styles of the carving, casting modeling or assembling
past and emphasizing innovation and materials (Sheldon, 1968). It has sought to
experimentation of materials and produce artworks that are as permanent and is
techniques instead to create better working in durable and expensive materials
artworks. such as bronze granite, limestone, marble, and
stone. More rarely, precious metals such as
Modern Styles gold, ivory, jade, and silver were used for
chryselephantine works. More common and less
 Realism. It is a style of painting expensive materials were also used for broader
practiced before the invention of the consumption, like cast metals, ceramics, glass,
camera, where artists depicted and hardwoods.
landscapes and humans with as much The sculpture has long been one of the
attention to detail and precision as most popular forms of fine arts and one of the
possible. The artist’s primary goal is to most beautiful representations of the
humankind. It was also used to represent  Bust. A bust is a sculpted and painted
societal concerns, such as morality, politics, and representation of the upper part of the
religion (Witcombe, 1997). For many of years, human figure such as the head, neck,
scuplture has filled many roles in human life. shoulders, chest or breast.
For example, the earliest sculpture was made to  Statue. A statue is a life-size or a larger
supply magical help to trackers, to represent size of a sculpture of a person or an
gods, and to hope of making their ancient kings animal, made of metal, stone or wood.
becomes immortal. The world's tallest statue is the 420 feet
Most common purpose of sculpture (128 meters) Spring Temple Buddha in
during the ancient time is associated with Henan, China.
religion. Different images like a human-made  Architectural. Architectural sculpture is
object revered for the spirit are familiar in many a universal classification used to
cultures. One of the oldest sculptures describe a structural design such as
discovered is an ivory statuette, dating buildings, bridges, burial chamber and
approximately 30,000 BCE other big projects. It is from a brand of
from a cave at Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany materials which includes carved stone
called Löwenmensch (which means a“lion- such as brownstone, cast iron, machine
human”). This Paleolithic period statue is about pressed sheet zinc, terra cotta, concrete
12” tall and depicts a human figure with a feline and other architectural supplies.
face.
Another very iconic and famous piece of Medium and techniques
sculpture is “the Sphinx” of Egypt. This
sculpture of an image of the pharaoh Khafreand Sculpture techniques have the aim of
is part of a funerary complex for the pharaoh. providing practical and technical support
Egyptian sculpture and all Egyptian art were on through several procedures. These processes
the belief in a life after death wherein the body are either additive (added material) or
of their subtractive (material is removed or carved out).
ruler (the pharaoh) was preserved carefully and Sculptures primarily use four basic techniques,
buried with some goods with him to provide for namely:
his needs forever. The Egyptians often
combined features from various creatures to  Carving. It is a procedure in which the
symbolize ideas. For example, the head of the artists cut away objects until reached the
pharaoh Khafre is added to the bowing figure of desired form. Various tools are used,
a lion to depending the materials to be carved
form the Great Sphinx. This type of masterpiece and the statue to which the work has
suggests the combination of human intelligence progressed.
and animal strength. The Great Sphinx of Egypt a. Stone carving- It is a type of sculpture
is an enormous sandstone sculpture, measuring which requires patience and planning. It is a
240’ ft. Long and 65’ ft. High. shaping activity of pieces of rough natural stone
through the use of essential hand tools
Importance of Sculpture like hammer and chisel.
b. Wood carving- It is the art of shaping
The sculpture is a perceptive- objects of wood using cutting tools. It is done
regeneration of reality through the use of three- through a specialized carving knife (used to cut
dimensional form. As a specialized work of art, or smooth the wood), the slicer saw (used
its objective is to exemplify a concept by to cut off chunks of wood), the chisel (used for
forming a visual equivalent. Since the shape is lines and cleaning up flat surfaces), and the
the dominant characteristic of sculptures, the gouge (used in carving hollows, rounds, and
human body and animals have been its primary sweeping curves).
subject. They are constructed using bronze,
clay, ivory as their mediums. Likewise, the  Casting. Casting is a method by which a
making of Sculpture is with the idea of liquid material is usually poured into a
expressing religious, personal, and political frame or pattern, which contains a
views. This kind of artwork is meant to create a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and
sense of patriotism, pride, greatness and then allowed to harden. It has two types,
spiritual respect. Statues and sculptures have namely:
always been an integral part of museums and a. Glass casting- It is a shaping activity of
art history. They become more popular as pieces of rough natural stone through the use of
decoration items in private homes and office essential hand tools like hammer and chisel.
facilities. Sculptures and miniatures have also b. Slip casting- It is a technique for the mass-
become more popular as decoration items, and production of pottery, especially for shapes not
in the long term, valuable art investments. easily made on a wheel.

Types of Sculptures  Molding. Molding sculpture is an

additive process. It is the working of soft
 or plastic materials(like clay and wax) by The word photography is from two Greek words
hand to build up or shape to create a photos or phos, for “light” and graphe, for
form. “lines” or “drawing.” Therefore, Photography
 Assembling. Assembling is an additive is described as the art in creating or drawing
process of gathering and joining different durable images by recording light using either
materials to create an assembled photographic film or image sensor (Spencer,
artwork. An example of assemblage is 1973). It was first coined by Sir John Herschel in
Martin Puryear's network of welded and a lecture before the Royal Society of London, on
sandblasted stainless steel tubes whose March 14, 1839. It has become a powerful
joints are bound together by strands of means of communication and a mode of visual
silver and patented bronze. expression that touches human life in many
Basic Sculpture Terms ways (Eder, 1945).

a. Armature- It is skeleton-like framework used Importance of Photography

to support the building of paper-mâché, usually
made or stiff wire. We have always wanted to reproduce
b. Assemblage- It is a three-dimensional art the world around us, beginning with cave
assembly of various materials, often taken from drawings to painting on canvas and eventually
scraps, junk, or various natural or human-made leading to the invention of photography. Our
objects. photographs share so much about who we are
c. Base- It is the portion of the work on which as individuals. It tells what we find beautiful,
the sculpture rest. fascinating, funny, delicious, meaningful,
d. Craftsmanship- It is a skill with which one inspiring. It allows us to showcase our style,
uses tools and materials in producing art. interests, relationships, and adventures, to
e. Plaster of Paris- It is an excellent white mark the passage of time. Photography has
powder which sets hard when blended in the been used in advertising, books, magazines,
water. newspapers, television, and in research to
f. Freestanding- It refers to a method when a convey information and advertise products and
sculpture is intended to view from all sides. services.
h. Manipulation- It is a process of shaping an
object by a skilled worker. The Digital Era of Photography
i. Replica- It refers to a precise reproduction of
an artwork. Until the present times, photography
was quite a problematic type of art to maintain.
One may have cameras with different lenses,
manual focus, and complicated settings.
However, with the advent of digital cameras, all
this complexity vanished. Digital cameras have
a different way of saving images. Instead of
using film, it uses a sensor in to save images
onto a digital memory card or internal storage
((Tolmachev, 2010; Ma, 2017).
Digital photography is the art of
manipulating and producing digital pictures. It
uses electronic photodetectors to capture the
image focused by the lens. The captured image
is stored as a computer file ready for digital
processing, viewing, and publishing.
The technique in photography originated
during early-to-mid 1600s. It started from the
camera’s predecessor known as the camera
obscura (a Latin word which means “dark
room”). It was a box wherein when the light
went through the pinhole it formed an image on
the glass. The famous artists of the Renaissance
who use the obscura were Leonardo da Vinci
and Michael Angelo.
In the 1820s, Joseph Niepce, a French
scientist improve the lithography, a method of
printing technique which is based initially on the
immiscibility of oil and water. Joseph discovered
a way to copy engravings onto glass using a
variety of materials (mainly bitumen, a light-
Photography reacting asphalt). When light shined through
the paper, it burned an image into dark
bitumen, which created an almost identical by aligning a subject with the guidelines and
image from the original. their intersection points, placing the horizon on
In the year 1900, photography became the top
available to everybody. Its fame started with or bottom line (Krages, 2005).
George Likewise, using the Rule of Thirds helps
Eastman, who was the founder of the Eastman produce nicely balanced easy on the eye
Kodak Company. The first camera open to the pictures. Also, as you have to arrange things
public was the Kodak no 1. relative to the edges of the frame, it helps get
On October 17, 1969, Willard Boyle and rid of small subject surrounded by vast space’
George Smith of Bell Laboratories invented the syndrome.
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD), a type of sensor
that is used to capture an image by taking the
light and translating it into digital data.
In December 1975, the first recorded
attempt in the building of a prototype digital Types of Photography
camera was made by Steven Sasson, an
engineer at Eastman Kodak. This camera Photography is one of the best favorite
weighed 9 pounds and can record black and
pastimes that many of us craved. A photograph
white images to a cassette tape. To view the
photos, the Kodak engineers is definitely worth a thousand words and has
had to develop a unique screen. It was able to
the power to convey a whole new meaning of a
capture a .01 megapixel image (10,000 pixels)
and took 23 seconds to record a copy to the particular condition. Different pictures are made
tape.
to share its unique characteristics of selectivity,
In 1988, the first real digital camera that
recorded images as a computerized file was instantaneity, and Credibility (Barrett, 2007).
produced by the Fuji DS-1P. During this year,
There are several types of photography and
the first JPEG and MPEG standards were fixed.
These standards set in place a universal format thus, several kinds of photographers. The
which allowed images (JPEG) and video (MPEG)
different types of photography require various
to stored in a compressed form which can be
recorded to a 16 MB internal memory card. techniques, and types of photographer use their
In 1990, Dycam Model became the first
talent in their meticulous field of expertise. The
commercially available digital camera. It also
sold the Logitech Fotoman. It used a CCD following
(Charge Couple Device) image sensor, stored
are some standard photography styles that
pictures digitally, and connected directly to a
computer for download (Said, 1990). enjoy a prominent position in the creative
world.
Rule of Thirds Composition

One of the main factors that differentiate

 Aerial Photography- It refers to the
a great photograph from an ordinary one is
composition, or how are objects/ subjects taking of photographs of the ground
placed in the shot. The Rule of Thirds is a great
from an elevated position. It is acquired
compositional technique for making photos
more dynamic and exciting. It is also a through the use of a specialized camera
compositional rule for painting and
mounted such as fixed-wing aircraft,
photography.
The Rule of Thirds is also known as the helicopters, drones, balloons, kites,
guideline which applies to the process of
parachutes, etc.
composing visual images like in painting,
designs, and photographs (Meech, 1991). The  Astrophotography- It focuses entirely
instruction proposes that the picture is
on taking images from space. This type
visualized as divided into nine equal parts by
two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two could vary from the planets to the stars
equally-spaced vertical lines, and those
or any other exciting configurations.
essential compositional elements should place
along these lines. Proponents of the method  Commercial Photography- It is a
claim that aligning a subject with these points
photographic work done for commercial
create more composition, energy, and tension
(Peterson, 2003). purposes, such as corporate brochures
The Rule of Thirds asserts that an image
and leaflets, menus in cafes and
is most pleasing when its subjects poised along
imaginary lines which divide vertically and restaurants, magazine advertising,
horizontally the image into thirds. It is applied
 merchandising, and product placement.  Fine Art Photography- It refers to
It has various types such as: highly creative images that have an
abstract influence. These photographs
a. Advertising photography- This type of can be equal to an artist’s expression on
photography is used to highlight a product, painting.
service, brand or an individual, in print  Forensic Photography- It is also
advertising (such as magazines, newspapers, known as crime scene photography
leaflet, etc). wherein the work of the photographer is
b. Architecture and interior photography- mainly to capture images for an accurate
This photography is used in capturing images of representation of the scene of the crime.
structures and beauty of an interior space in  Headshot Photography- This type of
which photographers use lightning techniques photography focuses mainly on the
to attract clients. person’s face. This is also known as mug
c. Automotive photography- This shots.
photography is utilized by car or automobile  Macro Photography- This type of
companies and dealerships to promote brand photography is about close-up images of
new or existing cars, driving awareness about a a specific topic. It is commonly applied
car’s mainly to capture details of organisms or
features and benefits to potential clientele. nature that may not be visible to the
d. Food photography- This photography is a naked eye.
specialized category of commercial  Nature Photography- It encompasses
photography which is used to capture the all forms of photography where the main
pictures of various cuisines and menus in an subject has something to do with nature.
attractive style. It focuses on landscapes, wildlife,
e. Jewellery photographs- This photography underwater, and plants life as they are in
is used in highlighting beautiful images of their natural environment.
bracelets, necklace, ring, and other jewellery  Nude Photography- It is about the
items. portrayal of the human body in the
f. Journalism photography- This photography naked form.
is the art of taking photographs which are  Portrait Photography- It is all about
considered as attractive and goes along with capturing the mood of a person, with an
news topics, to substantiate the news story or emphasis on the face and expression of
report. a person.
g. Product photography- This photography is  Still Life Photography- It is all about
used in capturing excellent images to capturing objects on camera that are
attractively represents a product in advertising. deliberately grouped to create a
It sometimes includes people as part of the particular composition. This requires the
product. It attracts people to see someone they photographer to have an excellent
know or a face that is likable to a product. lighting technique.
h. Sports photography- It is a type of  Street Photography- It is all about
photography which is utilized to write sports capturing candid images of public places
news, or even people in their natural element.
using excellent cameras that take sharp It requires the photographer the skill to
pictures of players in action.
 mingle with people and achieve the best 11. MENU Button- It is used to display the
frames. menu for adjusting the different camera
 Travel Photography- It involves operations.
capturing images of a particular 12. Multi-Controller Key- It is used to move
landscape, traditions, and customs or between the menu items or to move the
even people from different places. magnified display to a different point during
image playback.
Essential Components and Features of a 13. Self-Timer- It is used to delay the time
Camera between pressing the shutter button and the
camera taking the subject.
Cameras are beneficial devices and used 14. Shutter Release Button-It is the button
for the sole purpose of capturing still images, found on many cameras used to take photos.
may it be for leisure or security. Any and every 15. Shutter Speed- It indicates the time
camera has some fundamental parts which are interval during which the shutter is open.
crucial for its functioning (Dachis, 2001). 16. Viewfinder Eyepiece- It is used to view
the image of the subject you want to capture.
Some essential components and features
of a camera
are as follow:

1. Aperture- It is an opening in which light

travels through and can be adjusted to control
the amount of light that reached the image
sensor.
2. Built-in Flash- It is used to capture a shot of
dimly-lit views. It may automatically fired in
some modes.
3. Body. It is the housing for the camera.
4. Focus Point Selection Button- It is used to
select the position to set the focus (the AF
point) during AF shooting.
5. Hot Shoe- It is the section of the top of the
camera and used to attach a flash unit.
6. Lens- It is the eye of the camera.
7. Lens Mount- It is the section for connecting
the exchangeable lens to the camera body.
8. Lens Mount Index- It is an align mark on
the lens and serves as a basis when you are
attaching or detaching a lens.
9. Lens Release Button- It is a button used
when you want to disconnect the lens.
10. Live View Shooting (Movie Shooting
Switch) - It is used to turn on or turn off the
Live View function.