Unit 8 Summative Assessment Practice
Show your work for each question in the space provided. Examples and equations may be included in
your responses where appropriate. For calculations, clearly show the method used and the steps involved
in arriving at your answers. You must show your work to receive credit for your answer. Pay attention to
significant figures.
1. The value of Kw is affected by changes in temperature, as shown in the table below.
Temperature
Kw pH of Pure Water
(°C)
20 6.8 × 10–15
25 1.0 × 10–14 7.00
30 1.5 × 10–14
(a) Use the information in the table above to calculate the pH of pure water at 20°C and at 30°C.
Write the pH values in the table above.
2 H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OH–(aq)
(b) The autoionization of water is represented by the equation shown above. Is the forward reaction
classified as endothermic or exothermic? Justify your answer by describing the relationship
between temperature and Kw.
(c) The pH of a sample of pure water that is at a temperature other than 25°C is determined to be
6.85. In each column of the table below, circle the correct information for this sample of
pure water.
Temperature Relative Concentrations of H3O+ and OH–
[H3O+] < [OH–]
less than 25°C
[H3O+] = [OH–]
greater than 25°C
[H3O+] > [OH–]
For the remainder of this assessment, you can
assume that the temperature is equal to 25°C.
Volume Substance and Concentration
Solution A 350.0 mL 0.016 M HClO4(aq)
Solution B 450.0 mL 0.012 M KOH(aq)
2. A student combines two different solutions that are labeled as A and B. Information about these two
solutions is listed in the table above.
(a) Write the net ionic equation for the acid-base reaction that occurs when solutions A and B are
combined.
(b) Calculate the pH of solution A.
(c) Calculate the pH of solution B.
(d) The final volume of the combined solution is equal to 800.0 mL. Assume that the acid-base
reaction that occurred in this experiment has gone to completion.
(i) Identify the excess reactant in this experiment, and calculate the number of moles of the
excess reactant that remains left over at the end of the experiment.
(ii) Calculate the pH of the combined solution at the end of the experiment.
Initial Concentration [H3O+] at
Acid pH
of Acid Equilibrium
HX 0.050 M ? 3.07
3. Information about a solution of a monoprotic acid, HX, is listed in the table above.
(a) Calculate the value of [H3O+] in a solution of 0.050 M HX(aq).
(b) Calculate the percent ionization of HX in a solution of 0.050 M HX(aq).
C6H5CO2H(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + C6H5CO2–(aq) Ka = 6.3 × 10–5
4. Benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, ionizes according to the equation above.
(a) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Ka, for the reaction.
(b) Calculate the pH of a solution of 2.5 × 10–3 M C6H5CO2H(aq).
A student performs a titration experiment in order to determine the concentration of the
benzoate ion, C6H5CO2–, in a solution of potassium benzoate, KC6H5CO2.
(c) Write the net ionic equation for the acid-base reaction that occurs when solutions of
KC6H5CO2(aq) and HNO3(aq) are combined in this titration experiment.
4. (continued)
The student titrated a 50.0 mL sample of
KC6H5CO2(aq) with a solution of
0.90 M HNO3(aq). The titration curve
from the experiment is shown at right.
The two data points that are marked on the
titration curve represent the following pH
values.
the initial pH of the KC6H5CO2 solution
the pH of the reaction mixture at the
equivalence point in the titration.
Use the information from the titration curve
to answer the following questions.
(d) Calculate the concentration of the benzoate ion, C 6H5CO2–, in the solution that was titrated in this
experiment.
(e) When the pH of the reaction mixture in the titration experiment is equal to 4.80, do you predict that
the benzoate ion, C6H5CO2–, or benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, should have a higher concentration in the
flask? Justify your answer.
(f) A student makes the claim that bromophenol blue, an acid-base indicator with a pKa value of 4.0,
would be an appropriate indicator that could be used to determine the end point for this titration.
Do you agree or disagree with the student’s claim? Justify your answer.
Name and Chloroacetic Acid Trichloroacetic Acid
Formula of Acid ClCH2CO2H CCl3CO2H
Lewis Diagram
pKa of the Acid 2.86 0.66
Name and Formula of Chloroacetate Trichloroacetate
Conjugate Base ClCH2CO2– CCl3CO2–
Lewis Diagram
5. Information about chloroacetic acid (ClCH2CO2H) and trichloroacetic acid (CCl3CO2H) is shown in
the table above.
(a) Which substance, chloroacetic acid or trichloroacetic acid, is classified as the stronger acid?
Justify your answer by comparing the pKa values of each substance.
(b) Which ion, chloroacetate (ClCH2CO2–) or trichloroacetate (CCl3CO2–), is classified as the
weaker base? Justify your answer by using principles of chemical bonding to explain the
difference in the relative stability of the two ions.
6. A student titrates 50.0 mL of 0.64 M HF(aq) with 2.0 M NaOH(aq), using a probe to monitor the
pH of the solution. The data are plotted, producing the following titration curve.
(a) Using the information in the graph, estimate the pKa of HF.
(b) Three different particulate representations are shown below. Cations and water molecules are
not shown.
(i) Circle the diagram that shows the most accurate representation of the major species present
in a representative sample of the reaction mixture at the point in the titration when 12 mL
of the titrant, 2.0 M NaOH, has been added.
(ii) Justify your choice in (b)(i) by comparing the pH of the reaction mixture at that particular
point in the titration with the pKa of HF.
6. (continued)
(c) At the equivalence point of the titration, the pH of the reaction mixture is between 8 and 9.
Circle all of the substances listed below that are present in the reaction mixture at a
concentration greater than 0.10 M when the equivalence point is reached.
HF H3O+ OH– Na+ F–
(d) Write the net ionic equation for the acid-base reaction that takes place between one of the
substances that you circled in part (c) and H2O(l). This reaction should provide evidence to
support why the pH of the reaction mixture is greater than 7 at the equivalence point.
(e) The student performs a second trial of the titration experiment, this time titrating 50.0 mL of
0.64 M HF(aq) with a solution of 1.0 M NaOH(aq) as the titrant. Sketch the curve that would
result from the titration in trial 2 on the following graph, which already shows the original
curve from the titration in trial 1.
Acid HNO2 HOCl NH4+
Ka 4.0 × 10–4 2.9 × 10–8 5.6 × 10–10
7. Information about three different weak acids is shown in the table above. Use this information to
answer the following questions.
(a) A student prepared a buffer solution by combining 500.0 mL of 2.0 M HNO2(aq) and
500.0 mL of 1.0 M KOH(aq).
(i) Calculate the pH of the buffer solution prepared by the student.
(ii) The particulate diagram shown below is incomplete. Draw in the correct number of NO 2–
ions in the box below so that the diagram shows a representative sample of the buffer
solution prepared by the student.
(b) Circle one of the following pairs of solutions which, when combined, will result in a buffer
solution with a pH that is greater than the pKa of HOCl.
50 mL of 100 mL of 100 mL of
0.10 M HOCl(aq) 0.10 M HOCl(aq) 0.10 M HOCl(aq)
and and and
100 mL of 100 mL of 50 mL of
0.10 M NaOCl(aq) 0.10 M NaOCl(aq) 0.10 M NaOCl(aq)
7. (continued)
(c) Calculate the pH of the buffer solution formed from the combination of solutions that you
circled in part (b).
Two different buffer solutions were prepared that each contain an equimolar mixture of NH 3 and
NH4+. An experiment was performed in which a small amount of NaOH was added to 1.00 L of
each buffer solution. The pH of each solution was measured before and after the addition of NaOH.
Data from the experiment are shown in the table below.
Buffer Solution #1 #2
2.0 M NH3(aq) 0.20 M NH3(aq)
Concentration of Each Component
and and
in the Buffer Solution
2.0 M NH4+(aq) 0.20 M NH4+(aq)
Volume of Buffer Solution 1.00 L 1.00 L
Initial pH of Buffer Solution 9.25 9.25
Amount of NaOH added
0.10 mol 0.10 mol
to Each Buffer Solution
Final pH of the Buffer Solution
after NaOH is Added
9.30 ?
(Assume that the final volume of the
buffer solution remains constant at 1.00 L)
Magnitude of Change in pH 0.05 ?
(d) Write the net ionic equation for the acid-base reaction that occurs when NaOH(aq) is added to
these buffer solutions.
(e) An equal amount of NaOH (0.10 mol) was added to each buffer solution in this experiment.
Do you predict that the magnitude of change in pH for buffer solution #2 will be less than,
equal to, or greater than 0.05? Justify your answer by comparing the buffer capacity of
solutions #1 and #2.
