Student Guide (continued)
Assignment
Part 1: Use an encoding matrix.
Raya set up a short scavenger hunt using matrices to encode the location of a wooden token. The
scavenger hunt might involve several locales on the school campus, such as the auditorium, cafeteria,
gymnasium, library, and the quad (common area where students gather). To receive the first clue, Darnell
has to first encode a message to Raya.
To encode the message, Darnell was given a 2 x 2 encoding matrix, A.
3 4
A=
1 −2
Each letter of the alphabet is assigned a numerical value, and the value ‘0’ represents a space and is
indicated in the code by an underscore ( _ ).
0 _ 9 I 18 R
1 A 10 J 19 S
2 B 11 K 20 T
3 C 12 L 21 U
4 D 13 M 22 V
5 E 14 N 23 W
6 F 15 O 24 X
7 G 16 P 25 Y
8 H 17 Q 26 Z
The method in which the messages are encoded is as follows.
“Test one” coordinates to the number string: 20 5 19 20 0 15 14 5
T E S T _ O N E
20 5 19 20 0 15 14 5
The encoding matrix is 2 x 2, so the enumerated message above is broken up into a sequence of 2 x 1
matrices, then combined to create matrix M.
20 19 0 14
5 20 15 5
20 19 0 14
M=
5 20 15 5
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Student Guide (continued)
The encoded matrix is the result of matrix multiplication between the coded matrix, A, and the
enumerated message, M.
3 4 20 19 0 14
A M =
1 −2 5 20 15 5
80 137 60 62
A M =
10 −21 −30 4
Recall that in order to start the scavenger hunt, Darnell needs to send an encoded message to Raya.
a) Based on the table, what is the number string that corresponds to the text “Hello Raya”? (1 point)
b) How many 2 x 1 matrices will be in the sequence? How do you know that? (2 points)
5 - split into 2 so 'H' and 'E' together 'L' and 'L' and 'O' and 'space' and 'R' and 'A' and 'Y' and 'A'
c) Write the sequence of 2 x 1 matrices that Darnell will use to encode. (1 point)
d) What is the enumerated matrix B? (2 points)
e) What is A × B? (Show your work) (4 points)
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Student Guide (continued)
Part 2: Use a decoding matrix.
Raya sent an encoded message back to Darnell that provides the location of the next clue.
77 75 41 80 44 28 127
𝐶=[ ]
9 −35 −13 −40 −2 −14 −1
To decode the message, Darnell will need to use the inverse of the 2 x 2 encoding matrix, A. Complete
the following problems to determine the next clue.
a) What is the determinant of A? Show your work or explain. (3 points)
3 4
A=
1 −2
b) What is the inverse matrix of A? Show how to get A–1. (4 points)
c) What is A–1 × C? (4 points)
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Student Guide (continued)
d) Describe how to use the resultant matrix from part c to decode the message. What does the decoded
message say? (4 points)
Match each number with its corresponding number so 19 will be S and go down to 5 which will be E
and you will be doing as if they are 2x1 matrices.
The decoded message is "Search The Gym"
Part 3: Find the location of the wooden token.
Darnell then found a 3 x 3 encoding matrix, D, and must now use it to encrypt the word “bleachers” so
that he will receive the matrix containing the location of the wooden token.
1 2 5
D = 0 −4 1
0 3 −1
a) What is the enumerated matrix E that corresponds to the text “bleachers”? (3 points)
b) What is D × E? (4 points)
The resultant matrix containing the location of the wooden token is the following:
69 41 48 29 60 88 80 90 43
F = −52 −72 −16 −3 −4 −22 −72 17 0
38 54 11 1 1 13 52 −17 −1
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What is D^-1 * F
Student Guide (continued)
c) What is the determinant of D? Show your work or explain. (4 points)
det(D) = a(ei - fh) - b(di - fg) + c(dh - eg)
det(D) = 1(4 - 3) - 2(0 - 0) + 5(0 - 0) = 1
d) What is the inverse matrix of D? Show how to get D–1. (5 points)
The inverse of matrix D is the adjugate because det(D) = 1.
so
(-4)(-1) - (1)(3) = 1
(0)(-1) - (0)(1) = 0
etc.
e) What is D–1 × F? (5 points)
f) Based on the resultant matrix, what is the number string that corresponds to the decoded message?
(2 points)
g) What does the decoded message say? (2 points)
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