TYPE OF TIMBER
A MICRO PROJECT SUBMITTED
IN
THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF
THE COURSE
OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNDER THE PROGRAMME
OF
DIPLOMA IN CIVIL Engineering
TO
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI
AT
SHIVAJI POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, SANGOLA
BY
UNDER THE GUIDENCE
OF
MS.P.V.JADHAV
IN
SEMESTER II
ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-25
1
Ramakrishna Technical Education Society’s
SHIVAJI POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,
SANGOLA.
MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2024-25
TYPE OF TIMBER
Program: CIVIL Program Code:CE-2K
Course : BMC Course code: 312338
2
MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that Miss.Arati Balasaheb Jadhav Roll No.20 of II semester of Diploma in civil
engineering of Institute, SHIVAJI POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, SANGOLA. (Code: 1208) has
completed a Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject –:BEL for the academic year 2024- 2025 as
prescribed in the curriculum.
Place:sangola Enrollment No: 24212650124
Date: ______________ Exam. Seat No:251474
Subject teacher Head of Deptarment Principal
Ms. P.V.JADHAV Mr.P.G. Pawar Dr. R.A. Dheshmukh
3
Group Details
Sr. No. Names of Group Members Roll Enrollment Seat No.
No. No.
1 Arati Balasaheb Jadhav 20 24212650124 251474
2 Amruta Satish Jadhav 19 24212650
3 Pranali Sanjay Ghavane 16 24212650
4 Vaishnavi Gaikwad 14 24212650
Name of Guide: MS.P.V.JADHAV
4
Index
Sr. No. Title Page No.
1 Abstract 6
2 Main Body / Content 7-12
3 Conclusion / Learning Outcomes 13
4 References & Sources Used 14
6 Weekly Work / Progress Report 15
7 Evaluation Sheet 16
5
ABSTRACT
Timber, which is wood used for construction or other purposes, is broadly
categorized into two main types: softwood and hardwood. Softwoods come
from coniferous trees (cone-bearing, evergreen) while hardwoods originate
from deciduous trees (broadleaf, leaf-shedding). Within these categories,
there are numerous species and types of timber, each with unique properties
and uses. In the United States and Canada, this processed wood is also
commonly called "lumber". Timber can also refer to the trees themselves
that are grown or felled for use as a source of wood
6
Main Content
TIMBER
Timber is a type of wood which has been processed into beams and planks. It is also known as
“lumber” in US and Canada. Basically, timber or Lumber is a wood or firewood of growing
trees. Any wood capable of yielding a minimum dimensional size can be termed as a timber or
lumber. It is a stage in the process of wood production. Timbers are used for the structural
purpose. Those woods which are adapted for building purposes are timbers. Finished timber is
supplied in standard sizes for the industry. Timber is used for building houses and making
furniture.
Types of Timber and Lumber
Timber can be divided into two categories - hardwoods and softwoods. There are many types of
timber under these two categories. They are-
Bamboo
Birch
Cedar
Cherry
Cross-laminated
Glulam
Green timber
Lime
Mahogany
Oak
Pine
Plywood
Sapele wood
Tulipwood
Walnut
Wood ash
Spruce
Fir
7
Bamboo
Bamboo is a natural organic material. It is one of the most unique plants on earth. Bamboo is
grown in abundance in many parts of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.
Most timber producing bamboos are from South Asia. The color of bamboo timber is pale yellow
to almost gold. It is an industrial material also identified as the most promising building material.
Bamboo timber is an alternative to tropical hardwoods in recent years. It is available in many
forms.
Figure: Bamboo Sports Hall for Panyaden International School.
8
Advantages of Bamboo
Bamboos are fast growing and high yielding.
They are easily renewable.
Bamboos quickly reach full maturity after only one or two years.
Bamboo timber has a unique earthy odor while being worked.
Bamboo timber is energy extensive, processed and glued up imported products.
Strong bamboo fibers have tensile strength.
It is highly resistant to warping and cupping in ambient humidity.
Bamboo timber requires little fertilizer.
Grows initially at full width.
Bamboo timbers are used in-veneer, paper, flute, window blinds, fishing rods, ladders,
scaffolding, carving etc.
Disadvantages of Bamboo
Bamboo timber is a polluting material.
Bamboo timber requires special care.
It is susceptible to insect attack.
Bamboo fibers tend to split and pull out when being cross-cut.
Bamboo timber has been reported to cause skin irritation.
Decay fungi are present in bamboo timber.
The price of this timber is much higher which exceeds the cost of domestic hardwoods
sometimes.
It is inconsistent.
9
Birch
Birch is a great craft-wood. It is an important source of hardwood timber. Birch is of many types
of like-yellow birch, white birch etc. Yellow birch is commonly used which is also known as
gray birch, or swamp birch. It is light reddish brown color. Birch gives low natural luster.
Figure Source: ig-mod3building.
10
Advantages of Birch
Birch is economical in most cases.
Inner birch is aromatic.
Birch is long-lasting.
It is usually heavy, hard and strong.
It is always easy to work with a birch and glues and it finishes well.
Birch gives widely ranging appearances.
Birch is suitable for high-quality furniture. Birch has great durability.
Birch is used for creating strong plywood.
Birch is waterproof.
Birch can easily support a large structure.
It is used in- boxes, crates, skateboards, furniture, and other wood items.
Birch gives wavy fine texture.
Disadvantages of Birch
Birch is perishable, readily rot and decay.
Birch is susceptible to insect attack.
Birch can cause tear-outs during machine operations.
Birch is reported as “sensitizer” which includes respiratory irritation.
Birch is slow-growing.
Birch is harder than other hardwoods.
11
Cedar
Cedar is a timber of high quality. It comes from several different trees known as cedars. Where
both strength and appearance of the exposed wood beams are important, cedar is the only savior
and perfect fit for this. It is used in for-landscape, park, garden structure. Its moderate strength
and softness make it unique. Cedar offers the advantage of the natural advantage. Basically, it is
a workable material.
Figure Source: ig-cerno_group
12
Advantages of Cedar
It is weather resistant.
Cedar gives a natural wood look.
Cedar is light in weight.
It works easily.
It is dimensionally stable.
Cedar has long-time durability.
Cedar has exceptional resistance to insects and decay.
It is smooth to the touch.
It has a high quality of consistency.
It exhibits fairly prominent growth.
Cedar shows high resistance to warping and twisting.
Cedar helps to reduce noise in specific areas.
It is sustainable.
It is used in-cladding, decking, roofing, fencing.
Disadvantages of Cedar
Cedar dust may be irritant.
Cedar has low strength.
Cedar can cause splintering during some operations.
13
Cherry
Cherry timber is grown as a tree plantation timber. Among different types of cherry timbers,
black cherry timber is the largest of the native cherries and the only of commercial value. It is
found throughout the Eastern United Nations. In cherry timber, the grain is generally straight. It
is a hardwood. It has medium density and moderately durable. And used for small pieces of
furnitures-veneers, handles, cabinets, scientific instruments etc.
Figure Source: ig-thepapercutlife
14
Advantages of Cherry
Cherry timber is firm and strong.
It has a fine and uniform texture.
It works well and finishes smoothly.
Cherry timber can contain pith flecks and gum pockets.
It has a good workability.
Cherry timber is easy to machine, nail, and glue.
It is an excellent timber for turning and carving.
It has good bending properties.
It has low stiffness.
Cherry timber is shock resistance.
The best feature is it is used for high-end applications like furniture, cabinet making. Boat
making and musical instruments.
Disadvantages of Cherry
It is highly prized.
Cherry timber is sensitive to UV.
It can tear on cross-grain.
Cherry timber doesn’t have a grand dimension.
If stained, it gives blotchy results.
The sawdust of cherry timber has been associated with respiratory effects such as
wheezing.
15
Mahogany
Mahogany is a high-quality timber. It is grown commercially almost in every continent.
Mahogany is widely used in the furniture and cabinet building industry. It is made into plywoods
and all kinds of trim. It displays hard grain. It is one of the softer of all the hardwoods that are
commonly in use. It is moderate natural luster. The color of mahogany timber darkens with age.
The texture is medium and uniform. The price of this timber is in mid-range.
16
Advantages of Mahogany
Mahogany timber is very stable.
It is resistant to termites.
It is very easy to work with tools in mahogany timber.
It cuts and machines easily.
Mahogany timber sandy very easily.
It turns glues, stains, and finishes well.
It can bend without splintering or shattering.
It possesses a slightly flexible quality.
Mahogany timber can resist warping and twist for many years.
It is long lasting, strong and beautiful.
It contains high density.
Each piece of timber is long.
Mahogany timber is used for-veneers, musicals instruments, carving etc.
Disadvantages of Mahogany
Mahogany timber is vulnerable to insects.
It can tear out or chip during machining.
It is reported as “sensitizer”.
When mahogany timber gets in touch with water, a strong mahogany color comes up.
Slight dulling of cutters can occur in this timber.
Mahogany timber includes respiratory irritation in eye, skin which includes boil, nausea,
dizziness, asthma type symptoms etc.
It is vulnerable.
17
Oak
Oak timber is a type of hardwood from the oak tree. It has been used as timber for thousands of
years. It is straight grained. It is used for light construction most of the time. Oak timber is used
for -homeware, wine barrels, firewood etc.
Fi
18
Advantages of Oak
Oak timber is exceedingly strong.
It is durable.
It has a long living nature.
Oak timber is used for cladding.
Oak timber is resistant to fungal attack.
It takes glues, nails, and screws well.
It is lighter in weight.
Oak timber is resistant to decay.
Oak timber is extremely resistant to preservative treatment.
It is workable with machine or hand tools.
Disadvantages of Oak
Oak timber is heavy.
It is hard.
It has low-moisture content.
Oak timber is unsuitable for external use.
It is difficult for oak timber to treat acid content.
Oak timber reacts with iron, galvanized or copper nails.
19
Walnut
Walnut is a premium timber. It is a specialist hardwood. The grain is straight but it can be
irregular. Walnut timber is really decorative. It carries a lot of design for the interior. It has
moderate natural luster. Walnut timber is moderately durable. It is medium density.
20
Advantages of Walnut
Walnut gives vivid highlight to the grain.
It works well with machine and hand tools.
Walnut timber is good for turning and carving.
The right glues and polishes can be successfully done in walnut timber.
It stains and finishes well.
Walnut timber responds well to steam bending.
It has a good dimensional stability.
It is shocking resistant.
It has a fine texture.
Overall walnut has a good strength.
It has low stiffness.
Disadvantages of Walnut
Walnut is hard.
It has been reported as a “sensitizer”.
It includes eye and skin irritation.
Walnut timber is high in the prices for a domestic species.
It is susceptible to insect attack. Planer tear out can sometimes be a problem in walnut
timber./li>
It has a faint, mild odor while being worked.
It has a medium maintenance movement.
Walnut timber has difficulty to treat acid contents.
Walnut timber finds the problem with density.
It is not termite resistant.
It is hard.
21
Fir
Fir is one of the world’s best-known timber species. It is a premier building product for a wide
range of applications. It is a softwood species. Fir has a very straight grain. Fir has become the
standard woods of choice for timber framing. Fir timber is used tin-housing, framing, flooring,
lining fascias, bargeboards, and pergolas.
22
Advantages of Fir
Fir timber ranges in color.
Fir machines and turns well.
Fir is moderately durable.
It is permeable.
It Is moderately resistant to decay.
Fir timber has a low shock resistance.
It has a good strength.
Fir can be satisfactorily bonded using the standard procedure.
Disadvantages of Fir
Fir timber lacks tensile strength.
It is extremely difficult to treat.
Fir timber is very stiff.
23
REFERENCE & SOURCES USED
1. https://civiltoday.com/civil-engineering-materials/timber/224-
timber-lumber-definition-types
2. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Types%20of%20timbe
r
3. https://www.99acres.com/articles/timber.html?source=app&visito
r_id=5954201692803527939&abCookie=52
4. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/timber-and-its-
types/239491612
24
WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT
Sr. No. Week ACTIVITY PERFORMED DATE SIGN OF GUID
1 1st Discussion and finalization of Topic
2 2nd Preparation and Submission of Abstract
3 3rd Literature Review
4 4th Collection of Data
5 5th Discussion and Outline of Content
6 6th Formulation of Content
7 7th Editing and Proof Reading of Content
8 8th Compilation of Report and Presentation
9 9th Seminar
10 10th Viva voce
11 11th Final Submission of Micro Project
Name and sign of student Name of faculty
Ms.Arati Jadhav Ms.P.V.Jadhav
25
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2024-25 Name of the Faculty: Ms.P.V.Jadhav
Course:BMC Course code: 312338
Semester: II
Title of the project: TYPE OF TIMBER
Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project
Marks out of 15 Marks out of 10
for performance for performance Total Out
Roll No. Student Name in group activity in oral/ of 25
(K5 Col. 8) presentation
(DK Col. 9)
20 Arati Jadhav
Name and sign of faculty-
Ms.P.V.Jadhav
26
