INTRODUCTION

“SELF EXAMINATION IS THE KEY TO INSIGHT, WHICH IS THE KEY TO WISDOM”

The mother is the panacea (universal remedy) for all kinds of calamities Mahabharata. The
experience of transformation into motherhood is a privilege reserved exclusively for women.
Breast self-examination has been universally accepted by the experts as a very simple significant
and effective method of early detection of breast cancer.

Women and men share many similar health problems, but women also have their own health
issues, which deserve special consideration. Women lives have changed over the centuries.
Historically life was particularly difficult for most women. Aside from the numerous dangers &
diseases.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer that women may face in their lifetime. It can occur
at any age, but it’s much more likely after age 40, and the risk goes up as women get older.
Because of certain factors, some women may have a greater chance of having breast cancer than
others. But every woman should know about breast cancer and what can be done about it. In
developed and developing countries, breast cancer is shown as a major health problem. Breast
cancer is the leading malignant tumor and it consists 30% of cancers among women. Breast
cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death.

Breast self-examination is a screening method used in an attempt to detect early breast

cancer. The method involves women itself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps,
distortion, or swelling. Breast self-examination was once promoted as means of findings cancer
of a more curable stage, but large randomized controlled studies found that it was non-effective
in preventing death and actually caused harm through needless biopsies and surgeries. Breast
awareness is an informal alternative to structured breast self-examination.

Breast self-examination are based on an incorrect theory of cancer development, which

assumes steady growth of the tumor. “According to the breast cancer specialist Susan love, breast
cancer does not work like that…..it’s sneaky. One could examine yourself every-day and
suddenly find a walnut.” The breast cancer is the most common cancer in women world-wide.
It’s incidence is increasing in the most countries involve in breast self-examination have an
impact on early detection of breast cancer, treatment and symptom management. Nurses serve as
an advocate for women with the disease. In many countries nurses are far to influence breast
cancer care.

According to a Meta -analysis in the Cochrane collaboration, two large trials in Russia and
shanghai found no beneficial effects of screening by breast self-examination “but do suggest
increased harm in term of increase number of benign lesions identified and an increase number
of biopsies performed. “They concluded, “at present, screening by breast self-examination or
physical examination cannot be recommended.”

Although breast self-examination increases the number of biopsies performed on women,

and thus revenue for the breast cancer industry, it does not reduce mortality from breast cancer.
In a large clinical trial involving more than 260,000 female Chinese factory workers, half were
carefully taught by nurses at their factories to perform monthly self-examination and the other
half were not. The women taught self-exam detected more benign or early-stage breast disease,
but equal numbers of women died from breast cancer in each group.

Because breast self-exam is not proven to save lives, it is no longer routinely

recommended by health authorities for general use. It may be appropriate in women who have a
particularly high risk of developing breast cancer. Some charitable organizations, whose
donations depend on promoting fear of breast cancer, still promote this technique as a one-size-
fits-all, universal screening approach, even in the low-risk women who are most likely to be
harmed by unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures.
A woman’s breasts are constantly changing. They change throughout the menstrual cycle,
when breastfeeding, during pregnancy and in menopause. Most breast changes are not cause for
concern. But the women should know how her breasts look and feel normally, so that any
changes that might indicate a problem can be detected. One way that can be done is through
regular Breast self- examination.
1. Breast self-exams aid in the detection of breast cancer are considered optional by the
American Cancer Society. Rather, women should be familiar with the normal consistency of the
breasts and underlying tissue that she can be aware of any abnormal lumps or other changes.
Women should, however, get a regularly scheduled mammogram and clinical breast exam,
which are recommended to help detect breast cancer.
2. Breast problems usually are benign, such as fibrocystic changes, cysts (fluid-filled sacs), or
fibro adenomas (solid lumps). Most women have lumps or changes in their breasts that fluctuate
during their menstrual cycles. This is normal, as is a firm ridge along the bottom of each breast.
Breasts also may feel different in different places.
3. The best time to do a breast self-exam is on a monthly basis, usually about three to five days
after the end of your period. When the breasts are less tender or swollen. If women do not have a
period, try to remember to do the exam on the same day every month.
4. Breast self-exams are an option for women starting in her s. They are not a substitute for
regular screening mammograms or clinical breast exams to detect breast cancer. According to the
American Cancer Society, women in their 20s and 30s should have a clinical breast exam at least
once every three years. Beginning at age 40, women should have a clinical breast exam and
screening mammogram every year. Women at high risk of developing breast cancer should add
magnetic resonance imaging screening to their yearly mammogram.

A variety of methods and pattern are used in breast self-exams. Most methods
suggest that the women stand in front of the mirror with the torso exposed to view. She looks in
the mirror for visual signs of dimpling, swelling, or redness on or near the breasts. This is
unusually repeated in several positions, such as while having hands on the hips, and then again
with arms held overhead.
The women then palpate her breasts with the pads of her fingers to feel for lumps (either
superficial or deeper in tissue) or soreness. There are several common patterns which are
designed to ensure complete coverage. The vertical strip pattern involves moving the fingers up
and down over the breast. The pie-wedge pattern starts at the nipple and moves outward. The
circular pattern involves moving the fingers in concentric circles from the nipple outward. Some
guidelines suggest mentally dividing the breast into four quadrants and checking each quadrant
separately. The palpation process covers the entire breast, including the “axillary tail” of each
breast that extends toward the axilla(armpit). This is usually done once while standing in front of
the mirror.
For premenopausal women, most methods suggest that the self-exam be performed at
the same stage of the women’s menstrual cycle, because the normal hormone fluctuations can
cause changes in the breast. the most commonly recommended time is just after the end of the
period, because the breasts are least likely to be swollen and tender at this time. Women who are
postmenopausal or have irregular cycles might do a self-exam once a month regardless of their
menstrual cycle.
Prevention is better than cure, Measures should be taken to prevent cancerous lesion
by detecting it at earliest stage. Breast screening in general population has shown to reduce
mortality and helps to detect it at earliest stage. Breast self-examination is a technique that all
women can use to assess their own breasts. Women familiar with their own normal breast
characteristics can easily notice the development of abnormalities early. Each woman and girls
should be aware of her own risk factors with regular breast self-examination; malignancy may be
discovered early and effectively treated. Regular monthly breast self-examination is an essential
health.

NEED FOR THE STUDY

‘’EVEN TOO MUCH SUNSHINE CAN BE DEVASTING, WHILE ONLY WITH PAIN CAN
GROWTH OCCUR, ACCEPT BOTH AS PART OF THE GROWING PROCESS IN THE
GARDEN OF LIFE.”
Donald S. Neviaser Collectively, US, India and China account for almost one third
of the global breast cancer burden. Persistent efforts over last 40 to 50 years in the US have
resulted in a large proportion of women presenting in early stages and there has been a consistent
decrease in the death rates due to breast cancer, even though the incidence of breast cancer is
rising steadily. These statistics from IARC (WHO) reflect the same, and offer a good insight for
developing nations like India, as to what can be done.
There is a one in ten chance that women will have breast cancer during her life time.
Over 1,000,000 women find lumps in their breast every year some of which are cancer’s but
most are benign. A simple breast self-examination can be the key to finding any abnormality
early.
Breast cancer is a multi-factor disease is the most commonly diagnosed cancer of women
and the second leading cause of cancer death among women. An approximately 217,440 of new
cases occur over the years in the United States and 39,000 results into death. Breast cancer
appears to be decrease primarily in white women and in young women. Five-year rover all
survival rates localized (97 %), regional (78.7%), distant (232.3%) in the general population. The
relative survival rate is lower among black women than white women.
For India, for the year 2012,
 144,937 women were newly detected with breast cancer
 70,218 women died of breast cancer
 144937 / 70218 = round it off to 2. So roughly in India, for every two women newly
diagnosed with breast cancer, one lady is dying of it.
A few decades back: almost 65% to 70% of women suffering from breast cancer
were above 50 years only 30 to 35% women were below fifty years of age. However, presently,
breast cancer is more common in the younger age group and 49% of all women suffering from
breast cancer in Chennai are below 50 years of age. A significant number of patients are below
30 years. The reason is not that few decades back, it was not detected earlier and now it is being
detected earlier. The reason is that there has been a very genuine rise in the incidence of breast
cancer in younger women. Please understand that breast cancer is increasing even in the older
population; it is just that the increase in younger population is more than that in the older
population; maybe because of the predominant young population in India.
- PINK INDIAN STATISTICS (BREAST CANCER IN INDIA,
2012.
In India Breast Cancer is the first leading site of cancer in 4 out of 5 urban registries
Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi and Bhopal. In Chennai it is the second leading site of cancer. In the
hospital-based registry in regional center for Cancer Research and Treatment at Kidwai
Memorial Institute of Oncology about 500 cases of breast cancer are registered annually.
Bangalore is the 4th in the highest number of breast cancer cases in the country, after Delhi,
Mumbai and Chennai, according to National cancer Registry programme, Bangalore in 2012,
Breast cancer is higher due to the dietary shifts from low fat foods to high fat diet and passive
reproductive life.
- MR.NANDHA KUMAR (Cancer Research and Treatment at
 Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology.
Breast Cancer organization believes that Breast Self-Examination is a useful and
essential screening strategy used in combination with regular physical exams by a doctor and
mammography. The first stage of Breast tumors was detected 53.8% by routine physical
examination, 37.7% by self-examination and only 27% detection were accidental. And breast
cancer mortality might reduce by 18.8% to 24.4% through self-examination or routine physical
examination.
- AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
“A study to assess the effectiveness of structure teaching programme on knowledge regarding
breast self-examination among adolescent girls in selected college in Bangalore”

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1) To assess the pre-existing level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination among
adolescent girls.
2) To evaluate the effectiveness of structural teaching program regarding breast self-
examination among adolescent girls.
3) To find out the association between the level of knowledge regarding breast self-
examination among adolescent girls with their selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS
a) H1=There will be a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test level of
knowledge regarding breast self-examination among adolescent girls
b) H2=There will be a significant association between the pre-test level of knowledge regarding
breast self-examination among adolescent girls, with their selected demographic variables.

ASSUMPTIONS
The study assumes that:
a) Adolescent girls may not have adequate knowledge on breast self-examination.
b) The structured teaching programme may enhance the level of knowledge among the
adolescent girls.
c) The structural teaching programme may vary as different girl have different level of
understanding.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
a) Effectiveness: - A significant gain in knowledge as determined by significant difference
in pre and post knowledge scores.

b) Structured teaching programme: - A systematically developed instructional program

using instructional aids, designed to provide information on breast self-examination.

c) Knowledge: - The correct response from the participants regarding the importance of
breast self-examination in the early detection and prevention of breast cancer.

d) Breast self-examination: It is a way a person can check their own breasts by feeling for
lumps or other changes like swelling.
Step 1: Start by looking for differences between the breasts.
Step 2: Put your hands on your hips, pull your elbows forward to check the
abnormalities.
Step 3: Use three fingers when examining your breast and use them to press
down around the breast and surrounding area using circular motion.
Step 4: Examine the areas surrounding the breast like from collar bone to
sternum and down below the breast and travel up to the area under
your arm.
Step 5: Perform the test at the same time each month.

e) Adolescent girls: - Adolescent girls are those people between the age group
of 13-19 years.

DELIMITATION
The study is limited to: -
a) Who are studying a 1st year Bsc. Nursing and 1st year GNM at Padmashree Institute of
Nursing
b) Sample size limited to 30 students
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Review of literature is an important source for development of research project, it
helps to gain insight into the research problem and provide information of what has been done
previously. It helps the researcher to be familiar with the existing studies, provides basis for
future investigation and help to develop the methodology, tools for data collection and research
design.
A review of literature refers to the activities involved in identifying and Searching-
for information on a topic and developing and understanding the State of knowledge on the topic.
- Polit and hungler, 2004.
Review of literature is an essential component of the research process. It’s also a
critical examination of publication related to a topic of interest. Review Should be
comprehensive and evaluative. Review of literature helps the researcher to build an existing
work, he/she should understand what is already known.
In this present study, investigator has reviewed and organized by the following
method.
1) Literature related to breast self-examination
2) Literature related to structured teaching programme pf breast self-examination

1) Literature related to knowledge of breast self-examination:

Anuradha MD (2013) conducted a pre-experimental study to assess the knowledge
of the women on breast self-examination among 30 women in the age group between 35 – 55
years in PSG hospitals, Coimbatore. Purposive sampling technique was used. Data were
collected by structured interview schedule. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to
analyze data. Result of this study was majority of the women were in the age group of 46-50
years. Most of the women (53%) attained menopause and all of them had children and 40% of
the women were on oral contraceptive pills. Area wise mean pos- test knowledge score of
women was found significantly higher (24.87) than their mean pre-test knowledge score (5.76)
as evident from-‟t”-value (29) =20.86 at p<0.05 level. This suggested that the sim was effective
and it helps increased the knowledge of women in breast self-examination.
Swetha (2012) Conducted a Quasi Experimental study to determine the effectiveness
of structured teaching programme on breast self-examination for early detection of breast cancer
for the age group of 20-60year women’s, the study was conducted at Adhiprasakthi rural centre,
poraiyur, Tamil Nadu, convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples,60 samples
are selected, data collection tools consist of structured interview schedule and check list to assess
the knowledge, attitude,& practice. first pretest of knowledge, attitude, & practice were assessed,
after the Pretest the STP was given to the same group, then post-test was assessed, data
collection were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. women showed a
statistically significant (p<0.05) increases in knowledge regarding breast self-examination.
 Amrik et.al., (2011) Conducted a quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness
of structured teaching programme on knowledge and performance ability of breast self-
examination among 40 women (20 in experimental group and 20 in control group) in selected
rural communities of Ludhiana, Punjab. Structured questionnaire and check list were used for
data collection. The data analyzed by mean, standard deviation, „t‟ test and Chi-square test and
Co-efficient correlation. The study result shown that there is no statistically significant different
between pre-test Breast self-examination knowledge score of experimental Group (12.30) and
control group (13.65) (T=1.20NS) and Breast Self-Examination performance ability score of
experimental Group (3.25) and control group (2.85) (t=1.19NS). There was statistically
significant increase in post-test knowledge Breast Self-Examination score of experimental Group
(27.85) at 0.001 level. (t=16.52) and in Breast Self-Examination performance ability score of
experimental Group (17.4) at 0.001 level (t=34.54).
Kesiya (2012) Conducted a study to assess the knowledge and effect of planned teaching
programme regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination among 60 working women’s in
the secondary and higher secondary education department in Pune city. Descriptive and
inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. A structured questionnaire was used to collect
data. The study showed that the mean knowledge score about breast cancer & BSE obtained
from working women’s in pretest was 7.5 &that of post-test was 13.4, this difference was
statistically highly significant at [p=0.01] level with „t‟ value of 24,16608 at 39 degree of
freedom.
Tagnoni G (2012) a descriptive co relational study was conducted to identify
knowledge level of breast self-examination and variables related to breast self-examination,
among 65 Muslim female workers in Mumbai. Purposive sampling technique was used.
Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Result showed that 86.2% of
the women had adequate knowledge about Breast Self-Examination and 13.8% moderately
adequate knowledge of Breast Self-Examination.
Sanghi. et al., (2011) Conducted a quasi-Experimental study to assess the effectiveness
of video demonstration programme on knowledge and intentions about breast self-examination
technique among 255 girls from Higher secondary school in Delhi. A pretest was conducted to
determine the knowledge about breast cancer and breast self-examination. Displayed a 50
minutes video demonstration programme about breast self-examination technique. After
intervention delayed post test conducted later between 5-6 weeks in 211 girls. The study result
shown that the experimental group participated in video demonstration programme increase in
their knowledge score than the control group. The experimental group girls reported performing
breast self-examination from the past month as well and they have a higher intention to perform
breast self-examination in future.

2) Literature related to structured teaching programme pf breast self-examination: -

 Chattergee P conducted a study on knowledge and practice of breast self- examination
among the GNM Students. A structured and validated questionnaire and a pre-
experimental, one group pre-test and post-test was used from selected college of Udupi
district with the sample size of 40 students, using cluster sampling technique. The
majority of samples were in the age group of 18-19 years. Only 35% of them heard about
BSE and 85% of them participated at the time of study. The paired test was used in the
study and 72.5% of the students had average knowledge 1 pre-test of BSE and 85% of
them had good knowledge score in post-test.

Shalini, Divya Varghese, and malathi nayak conducted study on the Awareness and Impact of
Education on BSE among college going girls. A pre-experimental 1 group pre-test post-test
design was carried out among 40degree female students by using cluster sampling method
among selected colleges of Udupi district. The data analysis showed that majority (52%) of them
were in the age group of 18-19 years and 72% of them had average knowledge on BSE in the
pre-test score. Out of 40 participants, only one student was performing BSE ocassionally.

METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is the systematic way to solve the research problem (kothari
1990). It consists of all general and specific activities from identification of the problem to finale
interpretation and conclusion.
The Methodology is the general research strategy that outlines the way in which a
research project is to be undertaken and, among other things, identifies the methods to be used in
it. These Methods described in the methodology, define the means or modes of data collection
or, sometimes, how a specific result is to be calculated. Methodology does not define specific
methods, even though much attention is given to the nature and kinds of processes to be followed
in a particular procedure or to attain an objective.
 This chapter deals with the description of the methodology and different steps
undertaken for gathering and organizing data for investigation. It includes research approach,
research design, variables, setting, population, and sample, sampling technique, sampling
criteria, development and description of the tool, content validity reliability of the tool, pilot
study, data collection, plan for study analysis, presentation of findings preparation of self-
instrumental module.

RESEARCH APPROACH
The selection of research approach is the basic procedure for the conduction of research enquiry.
The appropriate choice of research approach depends upon the purpose of the research study,
which has been undertaken. A descriptive approach was used in the study.

RESEARCH DESIGN
Pre-experimental design with only one group (pre and post-test design)

Group Pre-test Intervention Post-test

1 01 X 02

Group 1:
X: structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding breast self-examination.
01: pre-test questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding breast self-examination.
02: post-test questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding breast self-examination.

Variables
a) Dependent variables: knowledge regarding breast self-examination among adolescent
girls.
b) In-dependent variables: structured teaching programme regarding breast self-
examination.

SETTING
The study will be conducted in padmashree school of nursing and padmashree institute of
nursing, kengeri, bangalore.
POPULATION
Population selected for this study is adolescent girls of 1st year GNM and Bsc. Nursing students.

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
In this study demographic variables are age, religion, age at menarche, mother’s education,
family average monthly income, source of information.

SAMPLES
The sample selected for the research study is adolescent girls of 1st year GNM and Bsc. Nursing
students.

SAMPLE SIZE
Sample size is 30 students in a selected college.

CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION

Inclusion criteria:
The study includes the adolescent girls:
a) Who are willing to participate in the study.
b) Of age group 13-19 years of age.
Exclusion criteria:
The study excludes the adolescent girls:
a) Who are not available at the time of data collection.

Figure 1: schematic representation of research design

Design: pre-experimental

Purpose: A study to assess the level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination among the
adolescent girls in selected college in Bangalore
 Study setting: Selected college

Target population: Adolescent girls

Sample size: 30

Sample technique: Non probability convenience sampling technique

Dependent variable: Knowledge on BSE Independent variable: Demographic

Data collection procedure: Structured question

Analysis: Descriptive and inferential statistics

Finding and conclusion

DEVELOPMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF TOOL

A structured teaching programme was developed for the study on the topic breast self-
examination.

STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE

Structured question was developed on the information gathered from the literature
reviewed. The questionnaire has 3 sections.

Section A:
Questionnaire to collect the data. It consists of demographic variable namely age,
religion, age of menarche, mother education, family average monthly income e.t.c.

Section B:
Multiple choice question to assess the knowledge regarding breast self-examination
among adolescent girls in selected college of bangalore. It consists of 18 multiple choice
questions.

Scoring:
There are 18 multiple questions, correct responses carry 1 marks and wrong responses
carry 0 marks.

Total score is 18.

Scoring percentage can be interpreted as:

Level of knowledge Scoring percentage

Adequate >75%
Moderately adequate 50-75%
Inadequate <50%
Results – Analysis and Interpretation
Analysis is the process of categorizing, ordering, manipulating and summarizing the data
to obtain answers to research questions. The purpose of analysis is to reduce data to
intelligible and interpretable from the relations of research problems can be studied and
tested.
The chapter deals with systemic presentation of the analyzed data followed by
the interpretation of the data. The collected information was organized, tabulated.
Analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings were
organized and presented in two parts with tables and figures. The details of each section
are presented below correlate with objectives.

The analyzed data has been organized and presented in the following sections:

Section 1: Distribution of samples in terms of demographic variables.

Section 2: Assessment of pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding breast self-
examination.

Section 3: Comparison of pre-test and post-test level of knowledge score regarding breast
self-examination.

Section 4: Comparison of pre-test and post-test scores in level of knowledge regarding

breast self-examination.

Section 5: Association between post-test scores of knowledges regarding breast self-

examination with selected demographic variables.

SECTION 1: DESCRIPTION ON DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ON ADOLESCENT

GIRLS
Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables of adolescent
girls.
S.N DEMOGRAPHIC FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
VARIABLES
1 Age in years
a) 16 0 0%
b) 17 4 13.33%
c) 18 18 60%
d) 19 8 26.67%
2 Religion
a) Christian 8 26.67%
b) Hindu 21 70%
c) Muslim 0 0%
d) others 1 3.33%
3 Age of menarche
a) 11 3 10%
b) 12 13 43.33%
c) 13 9 30%
d) 14 5 16.67%
4 Mother’s education
a) No education 2 6.67%
b) Primary 5 16.67%
c) Secondary 12 40%
d) Higher education 11 36.67%
5 Family average monthly income
a) Below 10000 9 30%
b) 30000 6 20%
c) 20000 8 26.67%
d) Above 40000 7 23.33%
6 Knowledge regarding BSE
a) Yes 2 6.67%
b) No 28 93.33%
7 Sources of information
a) Mass media 2 6.67%
b) Health professional 0 0%
c) Parents 0 0%
d) Books 0 0%

8 Perform BSE
a) Yes 1 3.33%
b) No 29 96.67%

9 If yes, when?
a) Monthly 0 0%
b) After menstruation 1 3.33%
c) Before menstruation 0 0%
d) Every week 0 0%
Table 1 shows that the number and percentage of distribution of subjects.
Based on the age, 16 (0%) of adolescent girls belong to 16 years, 17 (4%) of adolescent
girls belong to 17 years, 18 (18%) of adolescent girls belong to 18 years and 19 (8%) of
adolescent girls belong to 19 years.

Based on religion, 8 (26.67%) were Christians, 21 (70%) were Hindus, 0 (0%) were
Muslims and 1 (3.33%) were others.

Based on age of menarche, 3 (10%) were at the age of 11 years, 13 (43.33%)

were at the age of 12 years, 9 (30%) were at the age of 13 years, 5 (16.67%) were at the
age of 14 years.

Based on mother’s education, 2 (6.67%) had no education, 5 (16.67%) had primary

education, 12 (40%) had secondary education and 11 (36.67%) had higher education.

Based on family average monthly income, 9 (30%) were having below 10000, 6 (20%)
were having 30000, 8 (26.67%) were having 20000 and 7 (23.33%) were having above
40000.

Based on knowledge regarding BSE, 2 (6.67%) had knowledge of BSE and 28 (93.33%)
had no knowledge regarding BSE.

Based on source of information, 2 (6.67%) received the information through mass media,
0 (0%) had no information through health professional, parents and books.

Based on performing BSE, 1 (3.33%) were performing BSE, 29 (96.67%) were not
performing BSE.

Based on the time of performing BSE, 1 (3.33%) was performing BSE after
menstruation, 0 (0%) had never performed BSE.

Graph 1: Distribution of samples in term of age

Bar diagram showing the distribution of age among adolescent girls.

 Age in years

60.00%

26.67%
13.33%
0.00%
16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years

Age in years

Figure- Distribution of sample in term of age

The design given in table 1 shows that according to age majority 60% of adolescent girls
were in the age group of 18 years, remaining 13.33% were in age group of 17 years and
26.67% were in age group of 19 years.

Graph 2: Distribution of samples in term of religion

Pie diagram showing the distribution of religion among adolescent girls.

 Religion
Others3%

Christian
27%

Hindu
70%

Figure: Distribution of samples in term of religion

The date given in above diagram shows that majority 70% were hindu’s, remaining
27% were Christian and 3% were others.

Graph 3: Distribution of samples in term of age of menarche

3-D stacked column showing the distribution of samples in term of age of

menarche.

Figure: Distribution of samples in term of age of menarche.

The data given in above 3-D stacked columns shows the majority 43.33% age of
menarche was 12 years, remaining 10% was 11 years,30% was 13years and 16.67% was
14 years.

Graph 4: Distribution of sample in term of mother education

3-D pie showing the distribution of samples in term of mother education.

 Age of menarche Column1

43.33%

30.00%

16.67%
10.00%

1 1 y ear s 1 2 y ear s 1 3 y ear s 1 4 y ear s

Mother's education
No education
7%
primary
higher secondary 17%
37%

secondary
40%

No education primary secondary higher secondary

Figure 4: Distribution of samples in term of Mothers’s education.

The above 3-D pie-chart shows that majority of students mother education was
secondary 40%, remaining 7% were not education ,17% were primary educated and 36%
were highly educated.

Graph 5: Distribution of samples in term of family average monthly income.

 Stacked columns showing the distribution of population in term of family average
monthly income.

FAMILY AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME

Family monthly income Column1 Column2
35%

30%

25%

20%

15% 30%
27%
23%
10% 20%

5%

0%
Below 10000 20000 30000 Above 40000

Figure: stacked column showing family average monthly income

The data given in above stacked columns shows the majority 30% family average
monthly income was below 10000, remaining 20% was 20000,26.67% was 30000 and
23.33% was above 40000.

Graph 6: Distribution of samples in term of knowledge regarding breast self-

examination.

Doughnut showing the distribution of population in term of knowledge regarding the

BSE.
 KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BSE

YES NO
Figure: Doughnut showing the knowledge regarding the BSE

The data given in above doughnut shows the majority of girls 93.33% were not
having any information regarding BSE and remaining 6.67% has knowledge regarding
BSE.

Graph 7: Distribution of samples in terms of source of information.

Stacked column showing the distribution of samples in term of source of information

regarding BSE.
 Chart Title
8.00%

7.00%

6.00%

5.00%

4.00%

3.00%

2.00%

1.00%

0.00%
Mass media Health professional Parents Books

SOURCE OF INFORMATION Column1 Column2

Figure: stacked column showing the source of information.

The above graph shows that only 6.67% people have knowledge regarding the BSE and the source of information
was books.

Graph 8: Distribution of samples in terms of performance of BSE.

3D Pie diagram showing the distribution of samples in term of performance of BSE.

 Performance of BSE

3% Figure:
3d pie
YES
chart
NO
showing
the

97%

distribution of samples in term of performance of BSE.

The above graph shows 3.33% people perform BSE and 96.66% people were not known about BSE.

Graph 9: Distribution of samples of when they perform BSE.

Bar diagram showing the distribution of samples of when they perform BSE.
 WHEN TO PERFORM BREAST SELF EXAMINATION
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Monthly Before menstruation After menstruation Every week

WHEN TO PERFORM BREAST SELF EXAMINATION

Figure: Bar diagram showing the distribution of samples of when they perform BSE.

The above bar diagram shows only 3.33% people performed Breast self-examination.

SECTION 2: Assessment of knowledge regarding breast self-examination among adolescent

girls in selected college in Bangalore.

Table 2.1: Frequency and percentage distribution of adolescent girls according to pretest level
of knowledge regarding breast self- examination among adolescent girls at selected college in
Bangalore.
N=30

S.No Pre-test level of knowledge Frequency Percentage

.
1. Inadequate knowledge 13 43.33%
(<50%)
2. Moderately Adequate knowledge 15 50%
(50-70%)
3. Adequate knowledge 2 6.67%
(>70%)
 Overall 30 100%

The above table no 2.1 shows majority 50% (15) adolescent girls had moderately adequate
knowledge ,43.33% (13) had inadequate knowledge and 6.66% (2) had adequate knowledge
regarding BSE.

Table 2.2: Range, Mean, SD, Mean % of pretest knowledge regarding BSE among adolescent
girls at selected college in Bangalore.

Pre-test Maximum Range Mean SD Mean%

knowledge score
overall 14 5-14 9.13 2.26 50.72%

The above table 2.2 shows that the pre-test range was 5-14, mean was 9.13, SD was 2.26
and mean % was 50.72%.

Table 2.3: Frequency and percentage distribution of adolescent girls according to the post test
level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination among adolescent girls at selected college
at Bangalore.
S.NO Post-test level of knowledge Frequency Percentage
1. Inadequate knowledge 1 3.33%
(<50%)

2. Moderately adequate knowledge 2 6.67%

(50-70%)
3. Adequate knowledge 27 90%
(>70%
OVERALL 30 100%

The above table 2.3 shows majority 90% (27) adolescent girls had adequate knowledge ,6.67%
(2) had moderately adequate knowledge and 3.33% (1) had inadequate knowledge regarding
BSE.
TABLE 2.4: Range, mean, standard deviation and mean percentage of post-test level of
knowledge regarding breast self-examination among adolescent girls at selected college at
Bangalore.

Post- test Maximum Range Mean SD Mean%

knowledge score
Overall 17 8 - 17 14.6 1.87 81.12%

The above table 2.4 shows that in the post-test the range was 8 – 17, mean was 14.6, SD
was 1.87 and mean % was 81.12%.

SECTION 3: Effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding BSE among adolescent girls at

selected college in Bangalore.
Table 3.1: Distribution of adolescent girls according to pre-test level and post-test level of
knowledge regarding BSE.
S.NO Level of Pre-test Post-test
. knowledge Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
1. Inadequate 13 43.33% 1 3.33%
Knowledge
(<50%)
Moderately adequate 15 50% 2 6.67%
Knowledge
(50-70%)
Adequate knowledge 2 6.67% 27 90%
(>70%)
OVERALL 30 100% 30 100%

The above table 3.1 depicted the frequency and percentage distribution of adolescent girls
according to the level of knowledge before and after the structured teaching program.

Pre-test
Before STP, majority 50% (15) adolescent girls had moderately adequate knowledge,43.33%
(13) had inadequate knowledge and 6.67% (2) had adequate knowledge regarding BSE.
Post-test
After STP, majority 90% (27) adolescent girls had adequate knowledge, 6.67% (2) have
moderately adequate knowledge and 90% (27) had adequate knowledge regarding BSE.

Table 3.2: Range, Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) of Pre-test and Post-test level of
knowledge regarding BSE.

Domain Maximum Range Mean Standard Mean%

score deviation
(SD)
Level of 14 5-14 9.13 2.26 50.72%
knowledge
(pre-test)
Level of 17 8-17 14.6 1.87 81.12%
knowledge
(post-test)

The above table 3.2 depicted the maximum score of 14 and 17, Range of 5-14 and 8-17, mean
of 9.13 and 14.6, Standard deviation of 2.26 and 1.87 and mean % of 50.72 and 81.12% in pre-
test and post-test respectively.

Section 4: Association of pre-test level of knowledge with selected demographic variables

among adolescent girls at selected college in Bangalore.
Table 4: Association of pre-test level of knowledge regarding BSE among adolescent girls
at selected college in Bangalore according to the demographic variable.

S.NO Demographic Categories Sample Knowledge Chi P value

Variables (N=30) square
Frequ Percent <=Median >=Median
ency age%
F % F %

1. Age in years 16 0 0% 0 0 0 0
17 4 13.33%
 18 18 60%
19 8 26.67%
2. Religion Christian 8 26.67%
Hindu 21 70%
Muslims 0 0% 0 0 0 0
others 1 3.33%
3. Age of 11 3 10%
Menarche 12 13 43.33%
13 9 30%
14 5 16.67%
4. Mother’s No 2 6.67%
education education
Primary 5 16.67%
Secondary 12 40%
Higher 11 36.67%
education
5. Family Below100 9 30%
average 00
monthly 30000 6 20%
income 20000 8 26.67%
Above 7 93.33%
40000
6. Knowledge Yes 2 6.67%
regarding no 28 93.33%
BSE
7. Source of Mass 2 6.67%
information media
Health 0 0% 0 0 0 0
profession
als
Parents 0 0% 0 0 0 0
Books 0 0% 0 0 0 0
8. Perform BSE Yes 1 3.33%
no 29 96.67%
9. If yes, when? Monthly 0 0% 0 0 0 0
After 1 3.33%
menstrua
tion
Before 0 0% 0 0 0 0
menstrua
tion
Every 0 0% 0 0 0 0
week