ASSOSA UNIVERSITY

FRESHMAN
COURSE TITTLE :- INTRODUCED TO pl
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT TITTLE :- CLOUD AND QUANTUM
COMPUTING AND COMPUTER VISION

GROUP ASSIGNMENT
Name of Student

1. Betelhem Melkamu

2. Selam

3. Nebiha

4. Bamlak

5. Zelalem

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 Content

1. Cloud and quantum computing

1.1 cloud computing

1.2 Advantage of cloud computing

2. Quantum computing

2.1 Advantage of quantum computing

3. Computer vision and some real world application

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 CLOUD AND QUANTEM COMPUTING
Quantum computing is based on the manipulation of objects at the subatomic level, whereas cloud
computing is a type of distributed computing that employs remote computers connected through the
internet. Quantum computing is still in its infancy and is not yet widely employed, despite offering
unequaled speed and power. While cloud computing is more accessible, more cost-effective, and less
powerful than quantum computing, it still has some power. Organizations must understand the
distinctions between these two computing models in order to make the right decisions and maintain
their competitiveness.

What is Cloud Computing ?

A computing approach known as "cloud computing" entails using the internet to access and use
computing resources like processing speed, storage space, and software. Cloud computing enables users
to remotely access and use computing services and resources offered by third-party providers, who
manage and maintain the underlying infrastructure, as opposed to only depending on local
infrastructure and resources.

Without having to make large upfront expenditures in hardware or software, cloud computing allows
customers to access and use computer resources on-demand, generally through a pay-as-you-go or
subscription-based approach. Because customers may rapidly scale up or down their computing
capabilities according to their needs, without having to invest in and manage physical infrastructure,
cloud computing offers flexibility and scalability.

Three different service categories can be used to describe cloud computing:

1. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Provides virtualized computer resources over the internet,
including virtual machines, storage, and networking. Users have more control over the underlying
infrastructure and can develop and manage their own software applications.

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): Offers a platform and tools for creating, deploying, and managing
applications so that users don't have to be concerned with the infrastructure itself. Instead of worrying
about managing the infrastructure, users can concentrate on creating and using their applications.

3. Software as a Service (SaaS): Offers hosting and delivery of software programmes via the internet,
often using a web browser. Without installing or managing the software locally on their computers,
users can access and use software applications.

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 Advantages of Cloud Computing
Accessibility and convenience: Greater accessibility and convenience for remote work and
collaboration are made possible by cloud computing, which enables users to access computing
resources and data from any location with internet access.

Scalability and flexibility: With the help of cloud computing, organizations can easily scale up or down
their computing resources in response to changing demands, enhancing their responsiveness to the
market.

Cost savings: By avoiding upfront expenditures in physical infrastructure and paying for computing
resources on demand, organizations can use cloud computing to manage IT budgets more flexibly and
save money.

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

Privacy concerns: Concerns about data security and privacy arise from the use of the cloud because of
the possibility of security breaches, unauthorized access, and data loss with regard to the data
processed and stored there.

Dependence on third parties: A need for cloud computing is the use of third parties for
infrastructure, services, and data storage, which poses issues with vendor lock-in, service accessibility,
and data sovereignty.

Risks associated with connectivity and downtime: Because cloud computing relies on reliable,
constant internet access to access and utilize cloud resources, cloud services availability, and
performance may be impacted by internet connectivity issues.

What is Quantum Computing ?

A sort of computing known as quantum computing makes use of the ideas behind quantum mechanics,
a field of physics that studies the behavior of atomic and subatomic particles. Quantum computing
employs quantum bits, also known as "qubits," which can represent information as 0, 1, or both 0 and 1
simultaneously thanks to a phenomenon called superposition. This is in contrast to traditional
computing, which uses bits to represent information as either 0 or 1.

Numerous industries, including medicine development, materials science, financial modeling, and
artificial intelligence, stand to benefit from quantum computing. Quantum computing, however, is still in
its infancy and is neither widely used nor economically accessible. The delicate nature of quantum
states, which are highly sensitive to their environment and prone to errors, makes it difficult to build and
maintain stable quantum systems. However, quantum computing research and development are moving
forward quickly and show promise for a wide range of applications in the future.

Advantages of Quantum Computing

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Optimization: Problems involving optimisation can be resolved more quickly and effectively by
quantum computers than by traditional ones. This could be helpful in industries where optimisation
issues are widespread, such finance, logistics, and transportation.

Efficiency: Quantum computers have the potential to be more efficient than classical computers in
some calculations, which could be helpful for issues that are difficult or time-consumin g for classical
computers to address.

Speed: Compared to conventional computers, quantum computers are substantially faster at some
sorts of calculations. This is so that, unlike conventional computers, quantum computers can perform a
large number of calculations simultaneously using quantum parallelism.

Disadvantages of Quantum Computing

Complexity: Physics, mathematics, and computer science are all necessary for the highly specialized
and complex field of quantum computing. A substantial expenditure of resources, including highly
specialized equipment and highly competent personnel, is needed to build and maintain a quantum
computer.

Fragility: Due to their extreme sensitivity to their surroundings, quantum computers are extremely
susceptible to interference from the outside world, such as electromagnetic fields or temperature
fluctuations. This makes it difficult to maintain stable quantum states and to guard against mistakes.

Limited applicability: Despite the fact that quantum computers are excellent at some calculations,
they are not suitable for all kinds of work. When it comes to basic operations like word processing,
browsing the internet, and other similar activities, traditional computers are frequently more effective.

Conclusion
Both quantum computing and cloud computing are different computing paradigms. While cloud
computing provides scalable and accessible computing resources over the internet, quantum computing
uses the laws of quantum physics to solve complicated problems. Both systems offer distinctive benefits
and drawbacks, as well as a range of potential uses and restrictions, making them complementary rather
than rival approaches to meeting various computing requirements.

2. Computer Vision
Computer Vision is an enthralling term which is productively disturbing the intelligence of technology.
The aura of technical advancement has been eye-catching in the last years and what this industry is
shooting for is “Computer Vision”.

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The significant development is always parallel to technologies that can exploit human lifestyle and
drastically improve it for good. Greater access to images also contributed to the growing popularity of
computer vision applications. Websites these days make it possible to have almost instant access to
images that can be used to train algorithms.

As human beings, our eyes and brains calculate our visual surroundings. This feels natural to us and we
do it pretty well. A computer, on the other hand, cannot do that automatically. It needs computer vision
algorithms and applications in order to learn what it’s “seeing” but once it learns, it can extensively
breakdown even minor details that otherwise the world would find impossible.

This can make processes faster and simpler by replacing any visual activity. Unlike humans, who can get
overwhelmed or biased, a computer can see many things at once, in high detail, and analyze without
getting “tired”. The accuracy of computer analysis can bring tremendous time savings and quality
improvements, and thereby free up resources that require human interaction. So far, this can only be
applied to simple processes only but many industries are successfully pushing the limits of what the
technology can do.

Computer Vision Technology is absolutely versatile and can be adapted to many industries in different
ways. Some use cases happen behind the scenes, while others are more visible.

We are already using products or services enhanced by innovation.

How computer vision works

1. Acquiring an image: Images, even large sets, can be acquired in real-time through video,
photos or 3D technology for analysis.
2. Processing the image: Deep learning models automate much of this process, but the
models are often trained by first being fed thousands of labeled or pre-identified images.
3. Understanding the image: The final step is the interpretative step, where an object is
identified or classified.

Here are the industries potentially enhancing the vision of computer vision-

Autonomous Vehicles: Computer vision is used in self-driving cars for object detection, lane
detection, and traffic sign recognition. It helps the vehicle understand its surroundings and make
decisions accordingly.

Security : Computer vision is used in security systems for face recognition, object detection, and
anomaly detection. It can identify unauthorized individuals or unusual activities.

Manufacturing: In manufacturing, computer vision is used for quality control. It can inspect products
on a production line for defects.

the technology is being used to check on important plants or equipment there. Infrastructure faults and
problems can be prevented with the help of computer vision that is wise enough to estimate its health

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and efficiency. Many companies are syncing predictive maintenance with their infrastructure to keep
their tools in good shape.

Retail-

The innovation has made a splash in the retail industry as well. Companies have rolled out a Missed Scan
Detection program that uses cameras to detect scan errors and failures in no time. Once an error is
detected, the technology informs checkout managers so they can address it. This initiative helps reduce
‘shrinkage’ that combines theft, scan errors and fraud. For now, the program has proved effective in
digitizing checkout surveillance and preventing losses.

There are trending companies who are actually working on a self-checkout kiosk that uses computer
vision, 3D reconstruction, and deep learning to scan several items at the same time without the need of
barcodes. The product claims to reduce check out time by up to 10x.

Financial Services-

Although the technology has not yet proved to be disruptive in the world of insurance and banking, a
few big players have implemented it in the onboarding of new customers.

Leading companies are big fans of data analytics and are using it for effective fraud management. Slowly
but surely they’re adopting computer vision. They’re applying it to resolve billing disputes. Analyzing
dispute data, the technology is quick to deliver a verdict and save the employees’ time.

Healthcare-

In healthcare, computer vision has the potential to bring in some real value. While computers won’t
completely replace healthcare personnel, there is a good possibility to complement routine diagnostics
that require a lot of time and expertise of human physicians but don’t contribute significantly to the final
diagnosis. This way computers serve as a helping tool for the healthcare personnel.

For example, Gauss Surgical is producing a real-time blood monitor that solves the problem of
inaccurate blood loss measurement during injuries and surgeries. The monitor comes with a simple app
that uses an algorithm that analyses pictures of surgical sponges to accurately predict how much blood
was lost during a surgery. This technology can save around $10 billion in unnecessary blood transfusions
every year.

Agriculture-

Agriculture has always been deeply steeped in tradition. Computer vision is here to change that. What
exactly can the technology bring to the table? It can offer a helping hand in mapping, analyzing soil,
counting livestock, evaluating crop yield and its ripeness and more. RSIP vision developed plenty of
agriculture solutions. Using deep learning, sensory and satellite imagery they can estimate seasonal yield

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before harvesting. They made it possible for farmers to make yield estimation using their smartphones
or tablets. One Soil Platform streamlines farming. They develop solutions that help collect field data and
monitor plants. More importantly, the technology can help perform routine and time-consuming tasks
like planting, harvesting and evaluating plant health and development. All rolled into one, it does help
farmers streamline their work.

Surveillance-

The innovation enables security of public places like parking lots, the subway, railways and bus stations,
roads and highways, etc. The application of computer vision for security purposes is diverse. It’s face
recognition, crowd detection, human abnormal behavior detection, illegal parking detection, speeding
vehicle detection and more. The technology helps strengthen security and prevent accidents of various
kinds.

There are many types of computer vision that are used in different ways:
➢ Image segmentation partitions an image into multiple regions or pieces to be examined
separately.
➢ Object detection identifies a specific object in an image. Advanced object detection
recognizes many objects in a single image: a football field, an offensive player, a defensive
player, a ball and so on. These models use an X, Y coordinate to create a bounding box and
identify everything inside the box.
➢ Facial recognition is an advanced type of object detection that not only recognizes a human
face in an image but identifies a specific individual.
➢ Edge detection is a technique used to identify the outside edge of an object or landscape to
better identify what is in the image.
➢ Pattern detection is a process of recognizing repeated shapes, colors and other visual
indicators in images.
➢ Image classification groups images into different categories.
➢ Feature matching is a type of pattern detection that matches similarities in images to help
classify them.
Simple applications of computer vision may only use one of these techniques, but more advanced users,
like computer vision for self-driving cars, rely on multiple techniques to accomplish their goal.

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Reference :-

. Fresh man modules

. Microsoft Azure

. Amazon Web Services (AWS)