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The document discusses validity and reliability in measurement and research. Validity in measurement includes content, criterion-related, and construct validity, while in research, it encompasses internal, external, face, and ecological validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of test results and research findings, highlighting the importance of stable measurements across different conditions.

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15 views1 page

Group 1..

The document discusses validity and reliability in measurement and research. Validity in measurement includes content, criterion-related, and construct validity, while in research, it encompasses internal, external, face, and ecological validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of test results and research findings, highlighting the importance of stable measurements across different conditions.

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nhunguyenenest04
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*Validity

 Validity in Measurement
Validity determines how well a test accurately measures what it is intended to
assess. In language assessment, content validity ensures that the test
adequately represents the subject matter or skills being measured. Criterion-
related validity includes predictive validity, which assesses how well a test
forecasts future performance (e.g., an English placement test predicting
academic success), and concurrent validity, which compares a new test with
an established one (e.g., TOEFL). Construct validity examines whether a test
truly measures theoretical psychological constructs, such as motivation, self-
esteem, or problem-solving abilities in language learning.
 Validity in Research
In research, validity ensures that findings accurately reflect reality and are free
from bias. Internal validity determines whether a study establishes true cause-
and-effect relationships without interference from external factors. External
validity assesses whether the research findings can be generalized to other
settings or populations. Face validity refers to how valid a test appears to be at
a superficial level, often judged by non-experts. Ecological validity evaluates
whether the study's results apply to real-world situations. A study with high
validity provides more reliable and meaningful conclusions.

* Reliability

A. Reliability in Measurement/Language assessment

Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of test results when the same test is
administered multiple times under similar conditions. A reliable test produces
consistent scores, meaning that if a student takes the same test on different occasions
(assuming no major changes in their knowledge or conditions), their results should not
vary drastically. Factors affecting reliability include test design, scoring accuracy,
test-taker fatigue, and environmental conditions.

B. Reliability in Research

In research, reliability refers to the consistency and dependability of measurement


tools, procedures, and findings. If a study or experiment is repeated under the same
conditions, it should yield similar results. High reliability indicates that the
measurement or study is free from excessive random errors. There are different types
of reliability in research, such as test-retest reliability (consistency over time), inter-
rater reliability (agreement among different observers), and internal consistency (how
well different items in a test measure the same concept).

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