VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,

“Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018”

FABRICATION OF BYPRODUCT USING BIODIESL

A Project Report
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
award of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY

Abirami V 1GV17ME042
Preetha K 1GV17ME039
Vignesh Prabhu H 1GV17ME032

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Sagar S
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields – 563120
2017 – 2021
 Dr T Thimmaiah Insitute of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields -563120

CERTIFICATE

We hereby declare that the work to be submitted in the project is in line with the
synopsis and topic, “Fabrication of Byproduct using Biodiesel”. The project work to be
submitted to the institution is the original work and has not been submitted by us anywhere
and to the best of our knowledge has not been carried out by anybody else and reported.

Place: KGF Vignesh Prabhu H 1GV17ME032

Date:
Preetha K 1GV17ME039

Abirami V 1GV17ME042

iii
 ABSTRACT
Biodiesel, one of the most important sources of renewable energy, is produced in large
quantities around the world. biodiesel is a promising alternative, and renewable, fuel.

Biodiesel is prepared from the non edible oil of pongamia pinnata by transesterification;
however, its production generates different kinds of residues and by products which raise
economic and environmental concerns. As its production increases, so does production
of the principle co-product, crude glycerol.

Biodiesel, one of the most important sources of renewable energy, is produced in large
quantities around the world; however, its production generates different kinds of residues
and by-products which raise economic and environmental concerns. This review presents
a compilation of the data on current state of transformation of residues and by-products
of biodiesel industry into products that are suitable for bio-refining. The review has
analyzed glycerol

The effective utilization of crude glycerol will contribute to the viability of biodiesel. In
this review, a byproduct from making biodiesel is glycerin. This glycerin can be filtered
to remove any food particles or impurities, and used as an industrial degreaser in its raw
form, composted and used as a fertilizer, or made into bar soap.

Bar soap made from glycerin byproducts is excellent for use in the shop because of its
degreasing abilities, but can also be used as a household soap for everyday use. Adding
fragrances and dyes will make household use more appealing to other members of the
household.

vi
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590018
2020-2021

A PROJECT REPORT OF PHASE - Ⅰ

ON

“A STUDY MODEL OF MULITI OPERATIONAL

USING PNEUMATIC KIT”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BY

AKSHAY H R 1GV15ME003
MOHAN KUMAR J R 1GV16ME414
YASHWANTH V R 1GV16ME052
SACHIN K KHANDIBAGOUR 1GV15ME029
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mr. ANAND GADEKAR
Associate Professor

(DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

Dr. T. THIMMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, OORGAUM

KOLAR GOLD FIELDS, KARNATAKA - 563120.
 Dr. T. THIMMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work of phase-Ⅰ entitled “A STUDY MODEL OF
MULTI OPERATIONAL USING PNEUMATIC KIT” carried out by Mr
AKSHAY H R (1GV15ME003), MOHAN KUMAR J R (1GV16ME414),
YASHWANTH V R (IGV16ME052) and SACHIN K KHANDIBAGOUR
(1GV15ME029) a bonafide students of Ⅶ semester Mechanical Engineering in
partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Dr. T.
Thimmaiah Institute of Technology of Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during the year of 2020-2021. It is certified that all
correction/suggestion indicated for Internal Assessment been incorporated in the
report.

The project report has been approved as it satisfied the academic requirements
in respect of project work phase-Ⅰ prescribed for the side degree.

Project Guide HOD Principal

Mr. Anand Gadekar Dr. H G Shenoy Dr. Syed Ariff

 ABSTRACT

Pneumatic actuators are the devices used for converting pressure energy of
compressed air into the mechanical energy to perform useful work. In other
words, Actuators are used to perform the task of exerting the required force at
the end of the stroke or used to create displacement by the movement of the
piston. The pressurized air from the compressor is supplied to reservoir. The
pressurized air from storage is supplied to pneumatic actuator to do work.
Pneumatic systems are used extensively in industry, and factories are commonly
plumbed with compressed air or compressed inert gases. Pneumatic actuators
offer several advantages over electromechanical and hydraulic actuators for
positioning applications. The pneumatic actuator represents the main force
control operator in many industrial applications, where its static and dynamic
characteristics play an important role in the overall behavior of the control
system. Therefore, improving the dynamic behavior of the pneumatic actuator is
of prime interest to control system designers. The main objective of this project
is to prepare a model of multi operational Pneumatic Kit for educational
purpose and future use. This report deals with the introduction, objective, reason
and requirements for the project.
To minimize the problems and defective measures associated with manufacturing of spur gear using TQM and
Six Sigma Lean manufacturing techniques and approaches

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,

“Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018”

To minimize the problems and defective measures associated with the

manufacturing of Spur gear by using the TQM and Six Sigma Lean
manufacturing techniques and approaches
A Project Report
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
award of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY

S Akshay Kore 1GV17ME004

Syed Shahzama S 1GV17ME040
Altamesh Rabbani 1GV18ME401
Gowtham R 1GV18ME405
Mujammil Ahmed 1GV16ME415

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Dileep R
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr. T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields – 563120
2017-2021

Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. TTIT KGF 1

To minimize the problems and defective measures associated with manufacturing of spur gear using TQM and
Six Sigma Lean manufacturing techniques and approaches

Dr T Thimmaiah Insitute of Technology

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields -563120

Certified that the project work entitled “To minimize the problems and defective measures
associated with the manufacturing of Spur gear by using the TQM and Six Sigma Lean
manufacturing techniques and approaches” carried out by S Akshay Kore – 1GV17ME004,
Syed Shahzama – 1GV17ME040, Altamesh Rabbani – 1GV18ME401, Gowtham R –
1GV18ME405 and Mujammil Ahmed – 1GV16ME415, a bonafide students of Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology, in partial fulfillment for the award
of Bachelors Degree in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, of the VISVESVARAYA
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI during the year 2017-2021. To the best of our
knowledge, the work reported has not been submitted by me elsewhere for the award of the degree
and is not the repetition of the work carried out by others.

Certified that the above declaration made by us is true to the best of our knowledge.

Signature
Professor and Head

Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. TTIT KGF 3

To minimize the problems and defective measures associated with manufacturing of spur gear using TQM and
Six Sigma Lean manufacturing techniques and approaches

ABSTRACT

The cruciality of choosing this topic relevant to manufacturing issues of spur gears
are that it’s a case of rejections and reworks relative to the manufacturing of the
gears and its objective is all about that it leads to large consumption of time and
delay in achieving the target at the prescribed time., It is to minimize variations in
the manufacturing of spur gears. In define phase after gathering the data analyzed
what is the cause and effects of these defects using fish bone diagram and SIPOC
diagram. In measure phase Pareto analysis is done to measure which types of
defects are occurred and cumulative percentage of defects are measured. In analysis
phase statistical process control is done after collecting the data while machining
and finding the revised control limits to make the process stable. In improvement
phase process failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) is done to identify potential
mode of failure, potential cause of failure, and effects of failure are in control phase
control measures are proposed in order to minimize defects.

Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. TTIT KGF 8

 A PROJECT REPORT OF PHASE - 2
On

“DESIGN OF MULTIPURPOSE SUPER CLEANER FOR COVID-19”

In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree
Bachelor Of Engineering
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
OF VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM
BY
ARCHANA .K (1GV15ME047)
ABIRAMI .R (1GV18ME400)
MENAGA .M (1GV18ME409)
SOWMYA .S (1GV18ME415)

Under the guidance of

Mrs. ANITHA DEVI S H
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Dr.TTIT

2020-2021
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Dr.T. Thimmaiah Institute of Technology
Oorgaum, KGF- 563120
 Dr.T. THIMMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Kolar Gold Fields -563120.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work of phase-2 entitled
“DESIGN OF MULTIPURPOSE SUPER CLEANER FOR COVID-19”

Is a bona fide work carried out by

ARCHANA .K (1GV15ME047)
ABIRAMI .R (1GV18ME400)
MENAGA .M (1GV18ME409)
SOWMYA .S (1GV18ME415)

The students of 8th semester B.E. Mechanical Engineering under our supervision
and guidance submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of
degree of Bachelor of Engineering of visvesvaraya technological university, during
the academic year 2020-2021.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

Mrs. Anitha Devi S H Dr. H.G. Shenoy
Assistant Proffesor Vice principal & HOD
Department of Mechanical Engg. Department of Mechanical Engg.
Dr.TTIT Dr.TTIT
 ABSTRACT

Cleanliness is the main basic need for all human beings and is the daily
routine process especially in this COVID-19 times. With the new programme
from the Government of India that is Swacch Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) or Swacch
Bharath Mission (SBM) aiming to clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure
of Indian cities there is need for cleaning our environment effectively. A novel
method of cleaning application for Indian conditions has been through of and
we developed with modified technology suitably. Since 1952 this equipment
can be used for doing the long distance and wide width areas reducing the
human effort so that the cleaning can be done in a single drive. Many large
machines have been made to overcome this problem but it is very costly and in
order to make effortless and very efficient cleaning our super cleaner be
conveniently used.
So we arised with the thought to design a single cleaning machine by
which the entire cleaning processes like sweeping, mopping, sanitizing,
vacuuming and cob web cleaning could be done. In our project we are aimed to
use easily available materials with low cost that can be easy to use and control.
It being the better alternative for conventional cleaning, our multi-purpose super
cleaner designed can be ideally used in airports, railway platform, bus stand,
malls, schools, colleges, hospitals, auditorium and in many other commercial
places as well as for domestic cleaning too. Our proposed project could also
replace the tedious human labour along with timely sanitation in crowded areas.
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
“Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018”

Evaluation of Steel wire ropes using Destructive and

Non-Destructive testing
A Project Report
Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the award of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY
Bhargav JP 1GV16ME007
Syed Raiyan Ahmed 1GV17ME029
Tejas Kumar N 1GV17ME030
Sabahat Fathima 1GV17ME041
Under the Guidance of
Dr. NARASIMHA C
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields – 563120

2017 – 2021
 Dr T Thimmaiah Insitute of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields -563120

Certified that the project work entitled “EVALUATION OF STEEL WIRE

ROPES USING DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING”
carried out by BHARGAV. J.P (1GV17ME007), SYED RAIYAN AHMED
(1GV17ME029), TEJAS KUMAR. N (1GV17ME030) and SABAHAT
FATHIMA (1GV17ME041) a Bonafede students of Ⅷ semester
Mechanical Engineering In partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of
Engineering in Dr. T. Thimmaiah institute of technology of Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the year of 2020-2021. It is
certified that all correction/suggestion indicated for Internal Assessment been
incorporated in the report.

The project report has been approved as it satisfied the academic requirements
in respect of project work prescribed for the side degree.

Signature
Professor and Head
 ABSTRACT

This project involves in detail study of the steel wire rope for safe operations, by
this study, a detailed evaluation of cage suspension gear parts and steel wire rope
condition is determined which in turn gives safety of men and machinery in the
mining operations.
Destructive tests are claimed out to the specimen's failure, in order to understand
specimen’s performance or material behaviour under different loads. In this method
specimens are broken or damaged, intentionally. Destructive testing is most
suitable, and economic, 1or objects which will be mass-produced, as the cost of
destroying a small number of specimens is negligible. It is usually not economical
to do destructive testing where only one or very few items are to be produced.
NonDestructive Testing (NDT) techniques are used in science and industry to
evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage.
It is he testing of materials, for surface or internal laws or metallurgical condition,
without interfering in any way with the integrity of the material or its suitability or
service The goal of this project is to evaluate the condition of cage suspension
gear parts such as Bridle Chains, Right angle double jaw chase block, Chase plate,

Distribution plate, King type detaching hook, D Shackles with Pins and steel wire

rope for safe operations in mining industry before it reaches the failure condition
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
JNANASANGAMA, BELGAVI – 590018
2020-2021

“A PROJECT PHASE II REPORT”

(17MEP85)
On

“DEVELOPMENT OF CASTING PATTERN USING

RAPID PROTOTYPING”
In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted By:
GAJENDRA R N (1GV16ME009)
PAVAN KUMAR C (1GV16ME023)
PUNITH H D (1GV16ME028)
SHARATH S R (1GV16ME039)

Under the Guidance of

MR.BALA SUBRAMANIAM N S
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Dr. T. THIMMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
OORGAUM, KOLAR GOLD FIELDS, KARNATAKA – 563120
Development of Casting pattern using Rapid Prototyping 2021

Dr.T THIMMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

OORGAUM, KOLAR GOLD FIELDS – 563120
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Entitled Development of Casting pattern using Rapid
Prototyping has carried out by

GAJENDRA R N (1GV16ME006)
PAVAN KUMAR C (1GV16ME023)
PUNITH H D (1GV16ME028)
SHARATH S R (1GV16ME039)

The students of Dr. T THIMMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY in partial fulfillment

for the award of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of
the VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM during the year
2020-2021. It is certified that all correction/suggestion indicated for internal assessment have
been incorporated in the report deposited in the department library.

…………………… …………………….. …………………..

Guide HOD Principal

Name of Examiners Signature with date

1.
2.
3.

Department of Mechanical Engg. Dr. TTIT, KGF i

Development of Casting pattern using Rapid Prototyping 2021

ABSTRACT

The competition in the world market for manufactured products has intensified
tremendously in recent years. It has become important to produce the product fast to reach the
market as early as possible, by using the available new technology.

In order to improve the quality in foundries the CAD/CAM and other advanced
manufacturing techniques have been used as a tool to achieve quality and productivity. In this
concern, the use of Rapid Prototyping (RP) is not yet fully practiced in foundries. This project
work provides an initial study on the fabrication of a master pattern (step bar) of casting using
rapid prototyping technique as well as presenting its scope and benefits compared to the
current practices.

The main objective of this work is to enlighten the foundry engineers to make use of
rapid prototyping technology (fused deposition modeling), to reduce the lead-time in the
production of sand castings of an acceptable quality and dimensional accuracy. In the present
work a model of the component (pattern) is prepared in the CAD software (CATIA) and then
imported in R.P Software and.STL information is supplied to FDM (Fused Deposition Model)
Machine to prepare the R.P.Model. The finally prepare R.P.Model is used as pattern to
produce casting in foundry. In order to have a comparison between the R.P.Model casting, a
wooden pattern of the same size of R.P.Model is also used to produce the same component in
the foundry. The work is extended to study microscopic observation of castings and
mechanical properties obtained by using both the castings.. A comparative study of surface
roughness of the RP model and wooden model is being done to observe the effect

The results obtained by comparative study between casting obtained by R.P.Model pattern and
wooden pattern shows that there is variation in the surface roughness of the components where as
the mechanical properties will almost remain same. The surface quality of the component
obtained by using R.P is good.

Department of Mechanical Engg. Dr. TTIT, KGF iii

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
“Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018”

A Project Report on
Study on Semi-Automatic Train Coupling Design Using
Hydraulic Cylinder
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for
the award of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY

Girish J K 1GV17ME011
Hemanth L G 1GV17ME016
Chethan Kumar B 1GV17ME038
Sanjay S Murthy 1GV16ME034
Under the Guidance of
Dr. MANJUNATHA BABU N S
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields – 563120
2017 – 2021
 Dr T Thimmaiah Insitute of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields -563120

Certified that the project work entitled “Study on Semi-Automatic Train Coupling
Design Using Hydraulic Cylinder” carried out by Girish J k-1GV17ME011,
Hemanth L G-1GV17ME016, Chethan Kumar B-1GV17ME038 & Sanjay S Murthy-
1GV16ME034, a bonafide students of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr T
Thimmaiah Institute of Technology, in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelors
Degree in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, of the VISVESVARAYA
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI during the year 2017-2021. To the
best of our knowledge, the work reported has not been submitted by me elsewhere for the
award of the degree and is not the repetition of the work carried out by others.
Certified that the above declaration made by us is true to the best of our knowledge.

Signature
Professor and Head

ii
 ABSTRACT

Transportation is the key for the development of country, and it’s vital to make the
transportation quick and safe, perhaps Indian Railways is India’s national railway
system operated by the ministry of railways. To build structurally strong and reduce
time for coupling, the Hydraulic System is used.
At present manual system of coupling is used, in this process the technician is forced
to get down on to the track and fix the hook with meshing part. This is Time
consuming and also it leads to human fatality.
Semiautomatic coupler is designed to ensure a permanent mechanical and hydraulic
connection between the engine and compartment unit. It does not need to be
uncoupled unless there is any emergency or when in a maintenance workshop.
In this process the coupling speed is faster, reduces potential impact damage and
increases passenger protection.

vi
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
“Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018”

Design and Prototype of Smart Automated Pill Dispenser

A Project Report
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
award of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY

R. Hemanth Kumar 1GV17ME014

S. Kishore Raj 1GV17ME020
Wasi Ulla Khan Junaid 1GV17ME036
S. Subashkaran 1GV18ME417
Under the Guidance of
S. Suresh Kumar
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields – 563120
2017 – 2021
 Dr T Thimmaiah Insitute of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields -563120

Certified that the project work entitled “Design and Prototyping Of Smart Automated Pill
Dispenser” carried out byby Mr. R HEMANTH KUMAR (1GV17ME015), S. KISHORE RAJ
(1GV17ME020), WASI ULLA KHAN JUNAID (1GV17ME036) and
S. SUBASHKARAN (1GV18ME417), a bonafide students of Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology, in partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelors Degree in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, of the VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI during the year 2017-2021. To the best of our knowledge, the work
reported has not been submitted by me elsewhere for the award of the degree and is not the
repetition of the work carried out by others.

Certified that the above declaration made by us is true to the best of our knowledge.

Signature
Professor and Head

ii
 ABSTRACT

In this era of modern medicine where humans are largely dependent on the use
of pills/tablets we know at least 1 or more who have to take their medication in the form
of pills/tablets in order to live a healthy life.
In this project, we focus on a Smart automated machine which will help a person to
take his/her pills on time according to a schedule and mainly focusing on making sure
that your loved ones who are either old aged or having memory loss or have difficulty
in remembering the medicine schedule take their pills on time from the touch of your
phone around the world.
The project includes designing and fabrication of the body and the parts of the final
product. Design will be done using software’s like Solid Works or AutoCAD. The
physical product will have PLC circuits and a Bi-directional rotating mechanism which
will be enclosed inside the body of the product. This product will also be WI-FI enabled
and has a dedicated smart app which can be downloaded on the phone. It also has a
colored LCD panel screen which is mounted on the body and be accessed with the
buttons provided on the body.

vi
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
“Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018”

A Project Report on
Modeling and Analysis of Liquefied Gas Storage Tanks
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for
the award of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY

Jagannatha S 1GV17ME017
Mahesh S 1GV17ME021
Sridhar S 1GV17ME027
Under the Guidance of
Mr. THONTARAJ URS T S
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields – 563120
2020 – 2021
 Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields -563120

Certified that the project work entitled “Modeling and Analysis of Liquified Gas Storage
Tanks” carried out by Jagannatha S-1GV17ME017, Mahesh S-1GV17ME021 & Sridhar
S-1GV17ME027, a bonafide students of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr T
Thimmaiah Institute of Technology, in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelors Degree
in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, of the VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI during the year 2017-2021. To the best of our knowledge, the
work reported has not been submitted by me elsewhere for the award of the degree and is not
the repetition of the work carried out by others.

Certified that the above declaration made by us is true to the best of our knowledge.

Signature
Professor and Head

ii
 ABSTRACT
The finite element analysis (transient thermal and structural) of hydrogen tank is
performed with ANSYS Software.

This analysis incorporates temperature dependent material properties, temperature and

pressure variations across the height of the tank during chill-down with liquid Nitrogen
(LN2) followed by liquid Hydrogen (LH2) for analyzing behaviour of the tank.

Temperature distribution of the tank and magnitude are obtained and used for estimation
of transient heat transfer, induced thermal stress, structural stress, distortion in the
material due to chill-down and pressurization. In order to avoid thermal crack, chill-
down at controlled rate of cooling restricting temperature difference across the tank
height is maintained.

After a cryogenic liquid has been liquefied and purified to the desired level; it should
then be put away and transported. Cryogenic fluid storage-vessel and transfer line
design has progressed rapidly as a result of the growing use of cryogenic liquids in many
areas of engineering and science.

Cryogenic Pressure vessels are weight vessels are utilized for capacity cryogenic fluids
with least warmth in-spill into the vessel from the outside beyond what many would
consider possible. The test of configuration is to utilize such materials that don't lose
their alluring properties at such a low temperature. Here the most extreme care is taken
to plan a capacity vessel fulfilling both mechanical and Thermal Properties.

The outcomes will be contrasted with the current vessel of industry. Glass epoxy can be
utilized which decrease warm exchange from conduction of Surge plates which are will
bolster from external vessel to inward vessel.

The glass epoxy significantly with stands the temperature. They appear in these sectors
industrial compressed air receivers and domestic hot water storage tanks. Other
examples of pressure vessels are diving cylinders, recompression chambers, distillation
towers, pressure reactors, etc.

vi
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018”

“PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITES

MADE FROM SEED AND ROOT FIBRE WITH EPOXY RESIN”
A Project Report
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the award of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY

ABHISHEK KUMAR SHARMA M 1GV17ME002

PRADYUMNA H 1GV17ME013
C NIKHIL 1GV17ME008
AKSHAY S 1GV17ME006
Under the Guidance of
Mr. SRINIVAS A
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields – 563120
2017 – 2021
 Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields -563120

Certified that the project work entitled “Preparation and Characterization of

Composites Made From Seed and Root Fibers With Epoxy Resin ” carried out by
ABHISHEK KUMAR SHARMA M (1GV17ME002) PRADYUMNA (1GV17ME013)
AKSHAY S (1GV17ME006) C NIKHIL (1GV17ME008) , a bonafide students of
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology, in
partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelors Degree in MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING, of the VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
BELAGAVI during the year 2017-2021. To the best of our knowledge, the work reported
has not been submitted by me elsewhere for the award of the degree and is not the repetition
of the work carried out by others.

Certified that the above declaration made by us is true to the best of our knowledge.

Signature
Professor and Head
 ABSTRACT
This project involves segregation of root and seed fibers are done and separation process is carried
out depending upon their thickness and length. In introduction Natural fibers in these present days
has more values because of its eco-friendly nature.Objective of the project includes to determine
and analyze the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, strength, abrasion,loss and hardness
and to develop a new class of composites by incorporating the seed particles with root fiber in the
Epoxy resin.

Detailed methodology is briefed such as explanation of selection of fiber (Palmarosa) which is also
called Cymbopogon martini and how fiber treatment process carried out and also a detail
explanation of specimen preparation and the process such as testing carried out once specimen is
prepared. Outcome that we can expect from project such as obtaining the good percentage ratio of
the fiber and resin enforcement and also treating the fiber to the different concentration of NAOH
5%,10%,15% to find the good bonding between resin and fiber and also by varying the percentage
of resin and fiber reinforcement and expected to obtain a optimum ratio in fiber and resin.

Scope of the project is the further study of fiber percentage is increased to 40% and the resin
percentage is decreased to 60% to check the optimum value. Based on the results of the experiment
carried out conclusions are drawn such as density of root fiber of Palmarosa is found to be
0.8g/cm3.The specimen is prepared using mould box dimension 175x160 mm with the required
tolerance, the mould box is made up of metal and hinged with bolts for experimental purposes.
Later specimen are cut into pieces according to American Society For Testing and Materials and
with a common testing standard D638 which is used for determining the tensile property of
reinforced and non-reinforced plastics.

Keywords: Palmarosa root fiber, terminalarajuna root fiber, root fiber composite, universal testing
machin

ii
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
“Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018”

“EFFECTS OF THERMO HYDRAULICS PARAMETERS

ON PERFORMANCE OF HEAT EXCHANGER”

A Project Report
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
award of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY
PREM KUMAR J 1GV17ME022
MATHEW SUSIL W 1GV18ME408
SUNIL KUMAR D 1GV18ME419
SARATHY V 1GV18ME420

Under the Guidance of

Dr. P D SUDERSANAN
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields – 563120
2017 – 2021
i
 Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields -563120

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work embedded in this report entitled,
“EFFECTS OF THERMO HYDRAULICS PARAMETERS ON PERFORMANCE OF HEAT
EXCHANGER”, which is submitted for the award of the degree of Bachelor’s in
Mechanical Engineering under the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi, has been carried out under the guidance of Dr. P D SUDERSANAN, A
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of
Technology, KGF-563120, Karnataka India, further declare that the Thesis is based
on team work, which is previously unpublished. We also declare that the results of
this work have not been submitted in part or in full for the award of any diploma or
degree of this or any other institution.

Place: KGF Students Name USN Signature

Date: PREM KUMAR J (1GV17ME022)
MATHEW SUSIL W (1GV18ME408)
SUNIL KUMAR D (1GV18ME419)
SARATHY V (1GV18ME420)

v
 ABSTRACT

Heat exchangers play a significant role in process industries for the efficient heat
transfer between fluids when they are in direct or indirect contact. They can
transfer heat between a liquid and a gas or between two gases or as a liquid to
liquid heat exchanger. They, in this manner, form indispensable and inescapable
equipment in an extensive variety of industries such as power generation, food
processing, refrigeration, desalination, air conditioning, automobiles and
electronics cooling. An extensive variety of heat exchangers are available in the
market to take into account the requirements of various industries, like shell and
tube heat exchangers, double pipe heat exchangers, plate type heat exchangers and
spiral heat exchangers and so on. Based on the process requirements, the type of
fluid, its phase, operating temperature, density, viscosity, pressure, chemical
composition and various other thermodynamic properties, the appropriate type and
size of the heat exchanger can be chosen. In this study an experimental setup of
shell and tube heat exchanger with a rotated triangular tube layout with four baffles
having 25% baffle cut is studied. The work is carried out for different mass flow
rate and number of baffles. From the experimental results, the heat transfer
coefficient, pressure drop, overall heat transfer coefficient is obtained. The same
setup is modeled and imported to numerical analysis with the equivalent boundary
conditions. The numerical simulations are carried out to identify the effects such as
heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop by using commercial CFD package. The
shell side heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, overall heat transfer coefficient
and performance factors are obtained from three different tube layouts and three
baffle cuts among varying number of baffles along with different mass flow rates.
The CFD results of heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and overall heat transfer
coefficient are observed and compared with the experimental results. The
modifications are done in CAD model for further investigations. The models are
simulated to know the influences of tube layout and other design parameters on
thermo hydraulic parameters. These, thermo hydraulic parameters are very helpful
in evaluating the performance of shell and tube heat exchangers. It is observed that
the triangular tube layout is giving better results comparing to other layouts.

Keywords: Shell and tube heat exchanger, Triangular tube layout, CFD,
Numerical simulation

vii
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOG ICAL UNIVERSITY,
“Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018”

“MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING FOR

LIGHT MOTOR VEHICLE”

A Project Report
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
award of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY
SHASHI KIRAN P - 1GV16ME054
ARVINDAN M R - 1GV18ME402
SHREYAS B - 1GV18ME414
STALIN B - 1GV18ME416

Under the Guidance of

Mr. SAMPATH.A
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields – 563120
2017 – 2021
 Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields -563120

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work embedded in this report entitled,
“MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING FOR LIGHT MOTOR
VEHICLE”, which is submitted for the award of the degree of Bachelor’s in
Mechanical Engineering under the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi, has been carried out under the guidance of Mr. SAMPATH.A, A
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of
Technology, KGF-563120, Karnataka India, further declare that the Thesis is based
on team work, which is previously unpublished. We also declare that the results of
this work have not been submitted in part or in full for the award of any diploma or
degree of this or any other institution.

Place: KGF Students Name USN Signature

Date:

SHASHI KIRAN P - 1GV16ME054

ARVINDAN M R - 1GV18ME402
SHREYAS B - 1GV18ME414
STALIN B - 1GV18ME416
 ABSTRACT

Leaf springs are one of the most commonly used suspension systems in
Automobiles. The advantage of leaf spring over helical spring is that the
ends of the spring may be guided along a definite path as it deflects to act
as a structural member in addition to energy absorbing device. The main
function of leaf spring is not only to support vertical load but also to isolate
road induced vibrations. It is subjected to millions of load cycles leading
to fatigue failure. Finite element analysis is used to determines the safe
stress and pay load of the leaf spring and also to study the behavior of
structures under many conditions and comparison of result with different
materials. solid works is used for 3D modeling of leaf spring and analysis
software ANSYS 15.0 is used for FEM analysis of leaf spring as FEM is
an accurate, efficient and less time-consuming method of analysis. A leaf
spring configuration of light commercial vehicle is chosen for study.

Keywords: Leaf springs, solid works, ANSYS 15.0, FEM.

I
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
“Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018”

Design and Fabrication of All-Terrain Vehicle Dumper

A Project Report
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
award of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY

Vishnu R 1GV17ME035
Surekha P 1GV17ME028
Haris Jamil 1GV17ME014
Suresh J 1GV16ME041
Under the Guidance of
Dr. H.G SHENOY
Professor & HOD
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology

Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields – 563120
2017 – 2021
 Dr T Thimmaiah Insitute of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Oorgaum, Kolar Gold Fields -563120

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work embedded in this report entitled, “Design
and Fabrication of All-Terrain Vehicle Dumper”, which is submitted for the award of the
degree of Bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering under the Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi, has been carried out under the guidance of Dr. H.G SHENOY,
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr T Thimmaiah Insitute of
Technology, KGF-563120, Karnataka India, further declare that the Thesis is based on team
work, which is previously unpublished. We also declare that the results of this work have not
been submitted in part or in full for the award of any diploma or degree of this or any other
institution.

Place: KGF Students Name USN Signature

Date: Vishnu R (1GV17ME035)
Surekha P (1GV17ME028)
Haris Jamil (1GV17ME014)
Suresh J (1GV16ME041)

iv
 ABSTRACT
Material handling is an essential element in any farm land or garden. This can be done by big
tractor trailers or hand carts. Small scale farmers who possess less land to operate, cannot afford
expensive tractors for their small lands. Also today we don’t find smaller dumpers which can help
small farmers or house hold gardening. We have seen our gardeners and estate staff working hard
with their hand cart to move the material in and around our college campus. Different types of
All-Terrain vehicles (ATV) are available in the market which are not suitable for the farmers.

Hence we decided to develop an ATV dumper which is inspired from the idea of a dump truck.
This dumper is having a removable and moveable dumper which will help farmers to move heavy
material through various terrain. Our present work is aimed to design and fabricate an ATV
dumper which makes a viable mode of conveyance to carry heavy material with ease around the
college campus. Being an ATV dumper this can also be used further for farming. The all-terrain
vehicle dumper is designed and fabricated in-house, which is at a low cost.

Primarily the design of our project is established using conceptual design strategy by using the
Solid Edge, Solid Works and then it is analyzed using Ansys workbench for structural feasibility.
After freezing the conceptual design, fabrication is carried out using arc welding. We have also
used fasteners to mount various parts with dampers to minimize the vibrations so that the end user
will not have any difficulty in operating or servicing the machine. Interchange or replacing parts
is very easy and convenient as all standard fasteners are used which are readily available in the
market. It is fitted with a 150 cc petrol engine for powering the rear wheels of the cart and has a
single seat for the driver. 4 wheels are used for stability and safety.

Finally, the “All-terrain vehicle dumper” is tested with various loads and terrain conditions and
worked satisfactorily as intended to. This will be a userfriendly cart, perfectly suitable for the all-
weather and all terrain conditions. Instead of using big tractors for a small and medium farm land
or agricultural land, farmers can use this ATV dumper to move or carry or transport things around
their land.

vi