Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Working Principle of BPSK
3. MATLAB Code
4. Advantages of BPSK
5. Disadvantages of BPSK
6. Applications of BPSK
7. Conclusion
8. References
1. Introduction
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) is one of the simplest forms of digital modulation. It uses
two phases which are separated by 180°, representing binary digits 0 and 1. BPSK is a
robust modulation scheme and is widely used for its simplicity and resistance to noise.
2. Working Principle of BPSK
BPSK works by shifting the phase of a carrier signal between two values, typically 0° and
180°, to represent binary data. The modulator maps bit 1 to a carrier with 0° phase and bit 0
to a carrier with 180° phase shift.
2.1 Modulator
The BPSK modulator multiplies the digital bit stream with a carrier wave. Bit '1'
corresponds to the carrier being in-phase, while bit '0' results in a 180° phase shift.
2.2 Transmission
The modulated signal is transmitted over a communication channel. BPSK is effective in
both wired and wireless systems.
2.3 Demodulator
At the receiver end, the demodulator compares the received signal with a reference carrier
to detect the phase and recover the original bit stream. A coherent demodulator is used.
3. MATLAB Code
clc;
clear all;
close all;
% BPSK Modulation and Demodulation
data = [1 0 1 1 0]; % input data
bit_rate = 1; % in bits per second
fc = 10; % carrier frequency
fs = 100; % sampling frequency
N = fs / bit_rate;
t = 0:1/fs:length(data)-1/fs;
mod_signal = [];
for i = 1:length(data)
if data(i) == 1
mod = cos(2*pi*fc*t((i-1)*N+1:i*N));
else
mod = -cos(2*pi*fc*t((i-1)*N+1:i*N));
end
mod_signal = [mod_signal mod];
end
subplot(3,1,1);
stairs(data);
title('Original Data');
xlabel('Bit Index');
ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t, mod_signal);
title('BPSK Modulated Signal');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
% Coherent Demodulation
demod_data = [];
for i = 1:length(data)
temp = mod_signal((i-1)*N+1:i*N) .* cos(2*pi*fc*t((i-1)*N+1:i*N));
if sum(temp) > 0
demod_data = [demod_data 1];
else
demod_data = [demod_data 0];
end
end
subplot(3,1,3);
stairs(demod_data);
title('Demodulated Data');
xlabel('Bit Index');
ylabel('Amplitude');
4. Advantages of BPSK
• Simple modulation and demodulation circuitry
• High noise immunity and error performance
• Suitable for long distance communication
5. Disadvantages of BPSK
• Lower bandwidth efficiency
• Requires coherent detection (more complex receiver)
• Only two phases – not suitable for higher data rates
6. Applications of BPSK
1. Satellite Communication
2. Wireless LANs
3. RFID Systems
4. Deep Space Communication
5. Optical Communication Systems
7. Conclusion
BPSK is one of the most fundamental and robust digital modulation techniques. Despite
being limited in data rate, it is ideal for scenarios requiring simple design and high
reliability. BPSK’s effectiveness in noise-prone environments makes it a preferred choice for
critical communication systems.
8. References
a) https://www.tutorialspoint.com/bpsk-modulation-in-matlab
b) https://www.elprocus.com/binary-phase-shift-keying-bpsk/
c) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lMEmlI-CYw
d) ChatGPT
