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The document discusses various economic systems, including traditional, command, market, and mixed economies, highlighting their characteristics and implications for production, distribution, and consumption. It addresses the roles of government and market forces in shaping economic policies, including fiscal and monetary strategies aimed at promoting growth and stability. Additionally, it touches on India's economic landscape, challenges, and the importance of planning for sustainable development and poverty reduction.
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qeogapkic — aawa ton) fake i |
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economic -fackoKs and Conditions Hed Unf ley)
KH Vilnuiable membus oF mi, Cebdertg ,
minorities) axe corned’ for.
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a Since the State confrods produ
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Shee “ig -bibeLe . incenkve fon ‘enferpuice 4
imovation’ “becouse fesgeb are Selected, Toe
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Mernbou, of the Some y
y 3. Merits of Mayket Ccqnerie Systenn!=
f =S Contin have! aiwide vange F choie,
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oe bility Cerbead banks olire tp conheo!
ee SE ich, is the Genered 2482 in thy,
inflaor goods u LeVieed -
pues ice ye oan eae
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fa Cope , piomete. achat Sale’
poe unemployment -to a desiaabey dew
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: frend interek mata. .
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eell qoueunrnenn} Sgousities © vn the open reank
to aefjnat The One PLY and snflscey
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woe ak which — Commerciay ~ banks ree
bovreca money for them
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y Whew
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monetigs
“fhe primosy goal of | expanalonasy
p ic rofl Attriiate — econo ¢ Jou”
poticyy
and © deduce Lunemployrmen during bre,
") coomomte downy or secekdion +
, ‘, ,
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2 Comba chomarty
Comhachonary rmanetorg police IG Ienplernerfe;)
to corgfatl inflaioo ane. preven/ PRE conan
Row OverKeating : ? ;
Fiscal Policy ' :
Riscot poticn | veumnend' use Of
daxeben and public Apreing to inflaenc,
Fhe Ktomoney
Objectives os Ea!
Gooramic -Gacieth - One of “the fundamental
goats oF. fiscal +: pokiag ic bo, promote
euonoric Akos -Y stabitily: op
Pace stabilchy t- Fiscal pobii ic of fed Foye
to ment inflakoa "cing pica) ond
deflahion’ (fabting pres) a
fa Employmenl "= Gouernments cre Fisca) potiny
rodicce Unemployment & achteve fal Sis ‘
0) he oe
caer Spending: The qovernrnen) Con jneeny
ey “jerease VS Speockir on VeHdOU4 pspcporny
ol : i
A par i i
te Taxohion is, a , sig ficont too4
[oT oven rons, CON mpiee ‘on
patie” individues S$. one
| vom a oo
Lhe Bugmenils Vv Tranaten pasprnents Ake Aocial
baci unemployment ‘benehiy ancl vias ,
en used | to xedictuibute — Iniaene Y Can be
giosted +o provicle moe 071 les | finanies
open te individual, © households -
in Aises
Jour, taxes by
burnt! Auspotarle
Type ag “Va
expanstooarey, FEseal poling
. Trrneased Governrnent Spending :
a “EceyS *
~ Frarstor Pagers Toeneaoes
Combiabiommy Fiscal Pabiers «
~ Reduced “Goverment — Loendeng
- Tax. Hikes j
. Transfer 2 Raymer) ~Reduchors .
Toduttatad Folic
Thdvrteiad poding refers toa pierenk §
chakgic’ approad —towhapieg the dleveloprent
And’ grout Of its irdeahenst sect. Ty
oe Tange’! Of ( mearude and > infenverhow
Gime ak fikening — eeondmtc growth, parrchg
Speui Fe indus iy , aed ewhanung’ t ine
a hatim's todtriel boxe Prova. Th eskadtiched a nnixe
——————— el
‘
Andegttiniad potter since ncleperrtonce % Them
Signiticante =
Trades beat Nodcers Resoleckion , 1a: Ty “fe
OMe OL he first tncleettarat pobicies pn
f ; eae 1 Loh
| is 4 Ou
fous on prublec .seckon enietpricet “Ord pay,
Oronerthip of Keay indistiuiey +
- “1 ta. This Policy @ ded the hg.
dab Ganado shel pati secon, |
leading to the creation, of amy. public ¢
canckikakingys (Psu) + } :
Trrdustua) Policy Resoluebion , 1497 Duasing hic pss
the joven ment Necognized the irnportance
Smelt. scale industries and ‘began 40 prone
then Grewth . ee }
Eronomie Libevilijation, lagn A hihi
SRO 0 Trclin’s industsial poly “Thc roles
The cours’ shansihion teen dengetes cou
ir aie eee meakel. oriented ore
National Menufacbiira pp: 201 Die po
Qimed to boost wmansstackaring’s shies if
Sey 2 Oat Jobs in the mantrfachsing
eign re
Make vty Tria, 201% datenphed tp oy
forign.and domeshe ics to inves} 5, ie.
reardafa chung ‘sed, yen wihhtakve gummed -
to Promote — Wdustrial Growth » Job ashin .,
one Opa eXPOns jon rae ‘ a dsaked Treenhve Sthorne (py 1D) 20301
po puch of feres “Rrnaneat incentives bo
amis or Fon jou airy pre oduchons in Vora,
orp thi ed clecdAOnich, — Bhanamacecbicaly
CO Ty j >
mobiles «
ow cuctom
on of These policies:
pone |
a Cacabon |
oP
‘ qn Tyvestinen) ‘
Pmt tompedsiive ners ‘ j
4 4 Jucture Developmess es
5. Dahon '
| Framensork.. |
aan and Rrmnbls! Govetnmenb often aeqpine
; RE do obtain Lenses and] Permits, bo
ope : : A ' qt. i
poomenal Regulators '~ “These om
Oey oe
cd tO PROMO Probe the
envisonmen and public health ;
dahon — Kequiators:- Realationws “rwlated fy
tabes prachees , ; incbeding pinnae wage
working a ‘ anes
; J &xeport has ~ These
lale, = ioe “the | flow of! goull, anos
borers, incbading tosis , quotas and ade I
Promobion al ! Ramework :
Ie Sttbridieg ancl Graal ioe Goverrnen to
Ofer provide financead por Fo
i dusies , especialy those hot ede :
Commteted alalegie en facing thallena ea.
irtetmationnl lade * “phtough—tvecdse
ougne ements t
“Rade Prorsdhion != Goueenmenrt$ can prohol
= ¥ ‘
Expos and facilitate nletnational Ivedg
Hhtough race aeements. ia '
ee
DB. Reseanehr b Developmen ( RAD) Suppo iy
freveaging innovation Proough R&D Ineentin,
Fran » and Pautnerships with research,
Insbhuions ; : ’
fe SKA Development, — Supporting woskfory
Clevctoprrent and chaining progres Helps
ends thats debe iS a. 3b ed labar
force Lavalleble -for the .-tadeesbta Sechy.
Shckre of Tdkian legndmg
The Ahurchure, oh the Fnidian elon @n
be broaelley | Codkgorized into tree Tom
Sectous . eT
). Rimaruy heeath faaaty Ser
- Pgduidbace Agiaulhuse is a Signin.
th Pow oh othe Tidian) economy, errploging
a Harge Pecentage VE the Pputehinr
x Secanplors Seckoy
Marsefochiring '.- The manufacturing ees
Includes i bid involved ane ;
CH goods, Auth ay totlayauteie
be Sted, chemicals and etecionig, ite A ata
gsi We, | Sechny, also kn
r g Mesion A hos ee a
Whe of Mindia’s ccomrays Jb inchuder g
a ‘ “jong of Service, Arth 05 tnfournedion
lead (a), huxiness procs ov Sounung’ py
et j Iron hte’ cducakion, Finance, and fpursre
of Tre Trion ecomomy:
mised Rea Trdia. openales. as 0 rinited
I on ‘ means it ornbined elernenhs
ap bop a _maakeh, economy and a planned
econo”
4 Dunegaphc Dividend: Tdia i's home 40 @ leeige
oo yoo populahion, whith is often nefared
jo 0 the “ demoyn hic elividend”
. Trfoural! Economy‘ A signidicant pation a
economic aebvity in odio. takes Place inthe
payroll Seek, vahich induces unnaqsteted
and Sropll~ Scale chferprises
paestic The Trdtian
1 Tefigshsuwhare Devtlopre
been Investing in infraatruclan
eon has a
uelopmorr including trany baton, enecy ’
oy Pied ta) a :
5, Challeng’ India face various , economic thelogs,
tndbuding uunerployynert povey lb inadequale
infrasturhre burcauratc —inefficientied
pelo
alates Signiticonce of Inclian Ccane my
Tony O ,
1. Bpulations tfndio ig the, world’s’
popetoud coturhey » whidh © yqears
® vas) oomsumey mankel Om
_ Poace. ‘
2 Economic Crouth \ ZTredio. hos expetenee
Significan| ecomomic growth oer the F Ted
feo decades, making t- Ore vt. the ot s
9 the wort
Growine nao economic 7
A lo
3 Glokal ST Hab! ‘Trae 6 0 0
TT Services onl POR, a one
ave pool of skaned leh pn adie
Mouth weet Indie hee t
Ly Yosh Ful weikiose® 38 So be a0
hallenges finda d (
aero deficits, poverky and envirorvesrly,
gusjoinab ity
~ Eangmic planning ;
Cumomic pannin Je paneer’ by t whiha
qovunment on: Other cero ceecthouky seks ay
formulates policies, and. oocated teats
achieve — “Specie —_etenomic and social.
obyeck'ves with» — Oven ime dyamne
Objeskivas pid + Mabou
1. Ctolaamic anousth « e
v 5 Ccoremic paring often
oI So
promol and
jevel . Abloin Q Cectai
of economic growth. >. DI a
¢
2, Foverly Relaciones Planning may indbade .
eM and Programs aimed :
pre CUmed ak Keclucin over,
and wncrac Cayradaty buy prov idling . i J
ne ad sedvorrbge Ond cnrcirabized “re
x sosiety. . NE maginndizge Ceqrewn ds
c
“emple men) Genciakion' Economic plannin
Soa Seeks Yo crcate J ob oppeatunthes and
ollen
eothuce eenemployrs <>
Ly dnfrarsbrukure Devctopment + Planni
on deuclop rg _and roaintatnng ry ray Foun
gudr S45 roads, budge, : J intreshiuden,
est 2 ScheOLs, horpttaie ag]
vadibikes , Sin Kash cure 1s ciheal op
developmen} : A A ewer
5 Drdustrals: jot = Mant} cowntaves
Fpl atcha, gn
developing, and expanding rer pasa on
1 Othe productive eee I CUR I and
C- Expat Promohton - Eewsrorete | prannd :
+b PA p00s expos ~to SOEs ed ore
( eaanings — Gnd expanel wmbeunahonal’ ade he ze
Nests :
t. Strategic development '- @onornie Blaster ;
nobles & tounby “to _ Shabe qicalaly. eurclop
Specific industries 07, Sectors sthab “have tho
potential ac) . becorne Competitive mm the
glee) stage
Q. Sodas Welfare:
welfare; ‘ensuring
Hhe popiahion ane
education, are soua)
Planning’ con prrortlize soecal.
+h the pasic neds of
“met, induding healthcare
Safety nets - o Thnovection 4 Reseancht - Governments, (a ay)
ey
4 Mesouner fp. spegearteh een forte, *
6 impovation ana techno. qe eam ery
wht can have long ~ btm e Fils fe,
Te economy - ‘ ae
1 e thet — Planning can addru,
uP Seutel Capsite mal ‘ 4 "I by rreduung +",
(SS of Sbe0 a eqs ned,
inequality and — fmpsoving Hhe alandard 4°
eltuth fon tadvantaged populahons “Ny
the targeted polices — ane)’ Cpveshmends m4
De Tnfrashuchie Develepment = Plarricey ean
ctocilitte “the — leveloprren) of Otticat
infeashiuce, Auch as roads, baidg os ,
Ports, and utiketies, which can Stimuli.
eumomic qrowts and enharte Overall liv
Sandands . *
I. dack of Effictency - Cenbsabiztd ecomorie plang
tthen sbuggles +o allocate mesourcer Cte,
2. Trfosmation and Coordinakon Challenges: {
Gasheting atusnale and uptodate infiunals,
about an thine etomomy’ j$ a Monumeas
+tosk. =
3. Lack of consumes choice? In planned Cory
COMSUMOAL om hove Linited Choice ~
in tums’ of products and Seavices
Ae Jlewer”Adlephaton +o Changing Ceacersteany,
Cumonuic bra y, panies
_ Plannin tends tobe Less
pens ' to Clensingt eConomc cordbitiow
5S. Aneahve Problems 4 — TreenHitves, fox Loonkey
a
Planned Concept and meaning of elittal envinonrner)
“The political environmen! refer to tne
tonditions, fadour, and: forces within 0
spectre potikieal ayslemn on Souicky thet Con
frfluanCe «On \ inmpad veriou® oxpecks. Of bite ,
: nr bwinentes, oi and
pctvichials trbndap
Key clersens of the politeal envinonmen}
1 Pobiticall _ Stabitihy » “The, Level of
stability within
affect tavestnehl |
pel Detng fo:
a. Police ideologies: The | démihant politica,
iol and belles in a
ton, influence
sugulaions ..
3 Rublte Opinton on media Public opinion and
the media have. the (Power fo trnfluence -
politicad decttios, a, woh as Shape - public
perephion “and auvaxsnes - " P
4. Trlespohonad Relastons:- The’ vielaton
behween .. ‘cOuntricn arid “their fore on
Can also.. be “? i:
politica
“toulty on aegion Con
etoommnic growth, Pond soee)
iver * Sout
(generat posieres and:
torvidued a
the polital environment 9 9 paut! of
cus
