ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.

3 Solution

Problem 5.3 A ductile AISI 1035 hot-rolled steel bar is stressed. Using the distortion-energy and maximum-
shear-stress theories determine the factors of safety for the following plane stress states:
a) σx = 20 ksi, σy = 15 ksi
b) σx = 15 ksi, σy = −20 ksi
c) σx = 20 ksi, τxy = −15 ksi
d) σx = −10 ksi, σy = 15 ksi, τxy = −10 ksi
e) σx = −24 ksi, σy = −20 ksi, τxy = −15 ksi

Solution 5.3
From Table A-20,

the yield strength is Sy = 39.5 ksi

For the Maximum Shear Stress theory (MSS):

⎧ 𝑆
⎪ 𝜏 =
2𝐹𝑆
𝜎 ≥𝜎 ≥𝜎 :
⎨𝐹𝑆 𝑆 𝑆
⎪ = =
⎩ 2𝜏 (𝜎 − 𝜎 )

For the Distortion Energy theory (DE):

1 ⁄
𝜎 = [(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) ] 𝑜𝑟
√2

Machine Design P a g e | 5.3-1

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.3 Solution

1 ⁄
𝜎 = 𝜎 −𝜎 + 𝜎 −𝜎 + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + 6 𝜏 +𝜏 +𝜏
√2
𝑆
⎧𝜎 =
⎪ 𝐹𝑆
𝜎 ≥𝜎 ≥𝜎 : 𝑆
⎨𝐹𝑆 =
⎪ 𝜎
⎩

a) σx = 20 ksi, σy = 15 ksi

The stress state is given as plane stress the third normal stress is σz = 0 ksi. Since no shear stresses are
given, it is assumed they are all zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧15 𝑘𝑠𝑖⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

Since there are only normal stresses, shear stresses are zero, the given stresses are principal stresses.
Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

Thus, the Maximum Shear Stress theory gives

𝑆 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.975
(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) (20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖)

And the Distortion Energy theory gives (use the principal stress version since they are given)
1 ⁄
𝜎 = [(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) ]
√2
1 ⁄
𝜎 = [(20 − 15) + (15 − 0) + (0 − 20) ] = 18.028
√2
𝑆 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐹𝑆 = = = 2.191
𝜎 18.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖

b) σx = 15 ksi, σy = −20 ksi

The stress state is given as plane stress the third normal stress is σz = 0 ksi. Since no shear stresses are
given, it is assumed they are all zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:

Machine Design P a g e | 5.3-2

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.3 Solution

𝜎 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

Since there are only normal stresses, shear stresses are zero, the given stresses are principal stresses.
Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 −20 𝑘𝑠𝑖

Thus, the Maximum Shear Stress theory gives

𝑆 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝐹𝑆 = = = = 1.129
(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) [15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − (−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖)] 35 𝑘𝑠𝑖

And the Distortion Energy theory gives (use the principal stress version since they are given)
1 ⁄
𝜎 = [(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) ]
√2
1 ⁄
𝜎 = [(15 − 0) + [0 − (−20)] + (−20 − 15) ] = 30.414
√2
𝑆 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.299
𝜎 30.414 𝑘𝑠𝑖

c) σx = 20 ksi, τxy = −15 ksi

Stresses that are not provided are assumed to be zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩−15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

The stresses are only present on the x-y plane. Therefore, we can use the simpler two-dimensional
principal stress formula

𝜎 +𝜎 𝜎 −𝜎
𝜎 , = ± +𝜏
2 2

Machine Design P a g e | 5.3-3

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.3 Solution

20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 + 0 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 0
𝜎 , = ± + (−15 𝑘𝑠𝑖) = 10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ± 18.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2 2

𝜎 = 28.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = −8.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = 0.0 (𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 28.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 −8.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖

Thus, the Maximum Shear Stress theory gives

𝑆 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝐹𝑆 = = = = 1.096
(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) [28.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − (−8.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖)] 36.056 𝑘𝑠𝑖

And the Distortion Energy theory gives (use the principal stress version since we have already
calculated them)
1 ⁄
𝜎 = [(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) ]
√2
1 ⁄
𝜎 = [(28.028 − 0) + [0 − (−8.028)] + (−8.028 − 28.028) ] = 32.788 𝑘𝑠𝑖
√2

Or, we can calculate the equivalent stress directly from the normal and shear stress provided

1 ⁄
𝜎 = 𝜎 −𝜎 + 𝜎 −𝜎 + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + 6 𝜏 +𝜏 +𝜏
√2
1 ⁄
𝜎 = (20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 0) + (0 − 0) + (0 − 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖) + 6[(−15 𝑘𝑠𝑖) + 0 + 0 ] = 32.787 𝑘𝑠𝑖
√2

Which gives us the factor of safety for Distortion Energy

𝑆 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.205
𝜎 32.788 𝑘𝑠𝑖
d) σx = −10 ksi, σy = 15 ksi, τxy = −10 ksi

Stresses that are not provided are assumed to be zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:

Machine Design P a g e | 5.3-4

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.3 Solution

𝜎 −10 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧ 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

The stresses are only present on the x-y plane. Therefore, we can use the simpler two-dimensional
principal stress formula

𝜎 +𝜎 𝜎 −𝜎
𝜎 , = ± +𝜏
2 2

−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 + 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 −10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 , = ± + (−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖) = 2.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ± 16.008 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2 2

𝜎 = 18.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = −13.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = 0.0 (𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 18.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 −13.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖

Thus, the Maximum Shear Stress theory gives

𝑆 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝐹𝑆 = = = = 1.234
(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) [18.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − (−13.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖)] 32.016 𝑘𝑠𝑖

And the Distortion Energy theory gives (use the principal stress version since we have already
calculated them)
1 ⁄
𝜎 = [(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) ]
√2
1 ⁄
𝜎 = [(18.508 − 0) + [0 − (−13.508 )] + (−13.508 − 18.508 ) ] = 27.839 𝑘𝑠𝑖
√2

Or, we can calculate the equivalent stress directly from the normal and shear stress provided

1 ⁄
𝜎 = 𝜎 −𝜎 + 𝜎 −𝜎 + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + 6 𝜏 +𝜏 +𝜏
√2

Machine Design P a g e | 5.3-5

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.3 Solution

1 ⁄
𝜎 = (−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖) + (15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 0) + [0 − (−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖)] + 6[(−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖) + 0 + 0 ]
√2
𝜎 = 27.839 𝑘𝑠𝑖

Which gives us the factor of safety for Distortion Energy

𝑆 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.419
𝜎 27.839 𝑘𝑠𝑖

e) σx = −24 ksi, σy = −20 ksi, τxy = −15 ksi

Stresses that are not provided are assumed to be zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 −24 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩−15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

The stresses are only present on the x-y plane. Therefore, we can use the simpler two-dimensional
principal stress formula

𝜎 +𝜎 𝜎 −𝜎
𝜎 , = ± +𝜏
2 2

−24 𝑘𝑠𝑖 + (−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖) −24 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − (−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖)

𝜎 , = ± + (−15 𝑘𝑠𝑖) = −22.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ± 15.033 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2 2

𝜎 = −6.967 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = −37.033 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = 0.0 (𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = −6.967 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 −37.033 𝑘𝑠𝑖

Thus, the Maximum Shear Stress theory gives

𝑆 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 39.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝐹𝑆 = = = = 1.067
(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) [0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − (−37.033 𝑘𝑠𝑖)] 37.033 𝑘𝑠𝑖

Machine Design P a g e | 5.3-6

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.3 Solution

And the Distortion Energy theory gives (use the principal stress version since we have already
calculated them)
1 ⁄
𝜎 = [(𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) ]
√2
1 ⁄
𝜎 = {[0 − (−6.967)] + [−6.967 − (−37.033)] + (−37.033 − 0) } = 34.088 𝑘𝑠𝑖
√2

Or, we can calculate the equivalent stress directly from the normal and shear stress provided

1 ⁄
𝜎 = 𝜎 −𝜎 + 𝜎 −𝜎 + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + 6 𝜏 +𝜏 +𝜏
√2
1
𝜎 = {[−24 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − (−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖)] + (−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 0) + [0 − (−24 𝑘𝑠𝑖)]
√2
⁄
+ 6[(−15 𝑘𝑠𝑖) + 0 + 0 ]}
𝜎 = 34.220 𝑘𝑠𝑖

Which gives us the factor of safety for Distortion Energy

𝑆 39.5
𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.154
𝜎 34.220

Machine Design P a g e | 5.3-7

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.3 Solution

If we were given a full three-dimensional stress-state then we would use the general principal stress equations
𝐼 2
𝜎 = + 𝐼 − 3𝐼 cos(𝜙)
3 3
𝐼 2 4𝜋
𝜎 = + 𝐼 − 3𝐼 cos 𝜙 +
3 3 3
𝐼 2 2𝜋
𝜎 = + 𝐼 − 3𝐼 cos 𝜙 +
3 3 3
where

1 2𝐼 − 9𝐼 𝐼 + 27𝐼
𝜙 = cos /
3 2 𝐼 − 3𝐼
Also, note that if we are using only Distortion Energy then we do not need to calculate the principal stresses
which is another benefit of using this failure criterion, aside from it being more accurate for most materials.

Machine Design P a g e | 5.3-8

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.12 Solution

Problem 5.12 A ductile material has the properties Syt = 65 kpsi and Syc = 80 kpsi.
Using the ductile Coulomb-Mohr theory, determine the factor of safety for the
states of plane stress given in Prob. 5–3.
a) σx = 20 ksi, σy = 15 ksi
b) σx = 15 ksi, σy = −20 ksi
c) σx = 20 ksi, τxy = −15 ksi
d) σx = −10 ksi, σy = 15 ksi, τxy = −10 ksi
e) σx = −24 ksi, σy = −20 ksi, τxy = −15 ksi

Solution 5.12
The material strength is given as Syt = 65 kpsi, Syc = 80 kpsi.
For the ductile Coulomb-Mohr theory (DCM):
𝜎 𝜎 1
⎧ − =
⎪ 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝐹𝑆
𝜎 ≥𝜎 ≥𝜎 :
⎨𝐹𝑆 𝑆 ,𝑆 ,
⎪ =
⎩ 𝜎 𝑆 , −𝜎 𝑆 ,

a) σx = 20 ksi, σy = 15 ksi

The stress state is given as plane stress the third normal stress is σz = 0 ksi. Since no shear stresses are
given, it is assumed they are all zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧15 𝑘𝑠𝑖⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

Since there are only normal stresses, shear stresses are zero, the given stresses are principal stresses.
Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 From Problem 5.3

Thus, the ductile Coulomb-Mohr theory gives

𝑆 ,𝑆 , (65 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(80 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 5200 5200

𝐹𝑆 = = = =
𝜎 𝑆 , −𝜎 𝑆 , (20 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(80 𝑘𝑠𝑖) − (0 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(65 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 1600 − 0 1600

𝐹𝑆 = 3.25

b) σx = 15 ksi, σy = −20 ksi

Machine Design P a g e | 5.12-1

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.12 Solution

The stress state is given as plane stress the third normal stress is σz = 0 ksi. Since no shear stresses are
given, it is assumed they are all zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

Since there are only normal stresses, shear stresses are zero, the given stresses are principal stresses.
Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 −20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 From Problem 5.3

Thus, the ductile Coulomb-Mohr theory gives

𝑆 ,𝑆 , (65 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(80 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 5200 5200

𝐹𝑆 = = = =
𝜎 𝑆 , −𝜎 𝑆 , (15 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(80 𝑘𝑠𝑖) − (−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(65 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 1200 + 1300 2500

𝐹𝑆 = 2.08

c) σx = 20 ksi, τxy = −15 ksi

Stresses that are not provided are assumed to be zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩−15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

The stresses are only present on the x-y plane. Therefore, we can use the simpler two-dimensional
principal stress formula

𝜎 +𝜎 𝜎 −𝜎
𝜎 , = ± +𝜏
2 2

20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 + 0 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 0
𝜎 , = ± + (−15 𝑘𝑠𝑖) = 10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ± 18.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2 2

𝜎 = 28.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖 From Problem 5.3

Machine Design P a g e | 5.12-2

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.12 Solution

𝜎 = −8.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = 0.0 (𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 28.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 From Problem 5.3
−8.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖

Thus, the ductile Coulomb-Mohr theory gives

𝑆 ,𝑆 , (65 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(80 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 5200

𝐹𝑆 = = =
𝜎 𝑆 , −𝜎 𝑆 , (28.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(80 𝑘𝑠𝑖) − (−8.028 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(65 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 2242.24 + 521.82

5200
𝐹𝑆 =
2764.06

𝐹𝑆 = 1.881

d) σx = −10 ksi, σy = 15 ksi, τxy = −10 ksi

Stresses that are not provided are assumed to be zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 −10 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧ 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

The stresses are only present on the x-y plane. Therefore, we can use the simpler two-dimensional
principal stress formula

𝜎 +𝜎 𝜎 −𝜎
𝜎 , = ± +𝜏
2 2

−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 + 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 −10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 , = ± + (−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖) = 2.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ± 16.008 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2 2

𝜎 = 18.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = −13.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = 0.0 (𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most
From Problem 5.3
negative):

Machine Design P a g e | 5.12-3

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.12 Solution

𝜎1 18.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 −13.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖 From Problem 5.3

Thus, the ductile Coulomb-Mohr theory gives

𝑆 ,𝑆 , (65 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(80 𝑘𝑠𝑖)

𝐹𝑆 = =
𝜎 𝑆 , −𝜎 𝑆 , (18.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(80 𝑘𝑠𝑖) − (−13.508 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(65 𝑘𝑠𝑖)

5200 5200
𝐹𝑆 = =
1480.64 + 878.02 2358.66

𝐹𝑆 = 2.205

e) σx = −24 ksi, σy = −20 ksi, τxy = −15 ksi

Stresses that are not provided are assumed to be zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 −24 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩−15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

The stresses are only present on the x-y plane. Therefore, we can use the simpler two-dimensional
principal stress formula

𝜎 +𝜎 𝜎 −𝜎
𝜎 , = ± +𝜏
2 2

−24 𝑘𝑠𝑖 + (−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖) −24 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − (−20 𝑘𝑠𝑖)

𝜎 , = ± + (−15 𝑘𝑠𝑖) = −22.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ± 15.033 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2 2

𝜎 = −6.967 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = −37.033 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = 0.0 (𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = −6.967 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 From Problem 5.3
−37.033 𝑘𝑠𝑖

Thus, the ductile Coulomb-Mohr theory gives

Machine Design P a g e | 5.12-4

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.12 Solution

𝑆 ,𝑆 , (65 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(80 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 5200 5200

𝐹𝑆 = = = =
𝜎 𝑆 , −𝜎 𝑆 , (0 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(80 𝑘𝑠𝑖) − (−37.033 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(65 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 0 + 2407.145 2407.145

𝐹𝑆 = 2.160

If we were given a full three-dimensional stress-state then we would use the general principal stress equations
𝐼 2
𝜎 = + 𝐼 − 3𝐼 cos(𝜙)
3 3
𝐼 2 4𝜋
𝜎 = + 𝐼 − 3𝐼 cos 𝜙 +
3 3 3
𝐼 2 2𝜋
𝜎 = + 𝐼 − 3𝐼 cos 𝜙 +
3 3 3
where

1 2𝐼 − 9𝐼 𝐼 + 27𝐼
𝜙 = cos /
3 2 𝐼 − 3𝐼

Machine Design P a g e | 5.12-5

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.21-25 Solution

Problem 5.21-25 For an ASTM 35 cast iron,

a) find the factors of safety using the BCM and MM theories,
b) plot the failure diagrams in the σA, σB plane to scale and locate the coordinates of the stress state, and
c) estimate the factors of safety from the two theories by graphical measurements along the load line.
Use the appropriate parameters for the specific problem from the table below:

Solutions (General)
The strength of ASTM 35 cast iron is given in Table A-24. The tensile strength is Sut = 36.5 ksi and the
compressive strength is Suc = 124 ksi.

The equations for the brittle Coulomb-Mohr and Modified Mohr are
𝑆 , 𝑆 ,
𝐹𝑆 =
𝜎𝑆 , −𝜎 𝑆 ,

1 𝜎 𝑆 ,−𝑆 , 𝜎 𝜎
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 ,
For the Modified Mohr we could either determine which quadrant each stress state occupies and then
use the appropriate equation, or simply use the above equation. If the stress state is in the 4 th
quadrant than we also have to determine whether the tension or compression strength is controlling.
It is simpler to simply compute all three options.

Machine Design P a g e | 5.21/25-1

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.21-25 Solution

b) All of the principal stresses plotted graphically for each problem are

36.5

-124 36.5

-124

Solution 5.21
The stress state is given as: σx = 15 ksi, σy = 10 ksi. The stress state is given as plane stress the third normal
stress is σz = 0 ksi. Since no shear stresses are given, it is assumed they are all zero. The three-dimensional
stress state is:
𝜎 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧10 𝑘𝑠𝑖⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

Since there are only normal stresses, shear stresses are zero, the given stresses are principal stresses.
Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):

Machine Design P a g e | 5.21/25-2

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.21-25 Solution

𝜎1 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 10 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

a) The brittle Coulomb-Mohr theory gives

𝑆𝑢,𝑐 𝑆𝑢,𝑡 (36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 4526 4526

𝐹𝑆 = = = =
𝜎1 𝑆𝑢,𝑐 − 𝜎3 𝑆𝑢,𝑡 (15 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) − (0.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 1860 − 0 1860

𝐹𝑆 = 2.433

And the Modified Mohr theory gives

1 𝜎 𝑆 ,−𝑆 , 𝜎 𝜎
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 ,
1 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (124 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(15 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 124 𝑘𝑠𝑖
1 1312.5
= maximum (0.41096), − 0.0 = maximum[(0.41096), (0.29)]
𝐹𝑆 4526
1
= 0.41096
𝐹𝑆

𝐹𝑆 = 2.433

c) Since the stress state is in the first quadrant, both theories give the same results. The graphical solution is

‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐵‖

𝐹𝑆 = 𝐹𝑆 = =
‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐴‖

𝐹𝑆 = 𝐹𝑆 = 2.4

Solution 5.22
The stress state is given as: σx = 15 ksi, σy = -50 ksi. The stress state is given as plane stress the third normal
stress is σz = 0 ksi. Since no shear stresses are given, it is assumed they are all zero. The three-dimensional
stress state is:
𝜎 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧−50 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

Since there are only normal stresses, shear stresses are zero, the given stresses are principal stresses.
Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):

Machine Design P a g e | 5.21/25-3

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.21-25 Solution

𝜎1 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 −50 𝑘𝑠𝑖

a) The brittle Coulomb-Mohr theory gives

𝑆𝑢,𝑐 𝑆𝑢,𝑡 (36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 4526 4526

𝐹𝑆 = = = =
𝜎1 𝑆𝑢,𝑐 − 𝜎3 𝑆𝑢,𝑡 (15 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) − −50 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 1860 + 1825 3685
(

𝐹𝑆 = 1.228

And the Modified Mohr theory gives

1 𝜎 𝑆 ,−𝑆 , 𝜎 𝜎
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 ,
1 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (124 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(15 𝑘𝑠𝑖) −50 𝑘𝑠𝑖
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 124 𝑘𝑠𝑖
1 1312.5
= maximum (0.41096), + 0.40323
𝐹𝑆 4526
1
= maximum[(0.41096), (0.69322)] = 0.69322
𝐹𝑆

𝐹𝑆 = 1.443

c) The stress state is in the fourth quadrant; therefore, the failure criterion give different results. The
graphical solution is

‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐷‖

𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.2
‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐶‖

‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐸‖

𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.4
‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐶‖

Solution 5.23
The stress state is given as: σx = 15 ksi, xy = -10 ksi. Stresses that are not provided are assumed to be zero.
The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

The stresses are only present on the x-y plane. Therefore, we can use the simpler two-dimensional principal
stress formula

Machine Design P a g e | 5.21/25-4

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.21-25 Solution

𝜎 +𝜎 𝜎 −𝜎
𝜎 , = ± +𝜏
2 2

15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 + 0 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 0
𝜎 , = ± + (−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖) = 7.50 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ± 12.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2 2

𝜎 = 20.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = −5.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = 0.0 (𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 20.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 −5.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

a) The brittle Coulomb-Mohr theory gives

𝑆𝑢,𝑐 𝑆𝑢,𝑡 (36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 4526 4526

𝐹𝑆 = = = =
𝜎1 𝑆𝑢,𝑐 − 𝜎3 𝑆𝑢,𝑡 (20.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) − (−5.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 2480 + 182.5 2662.5

𝐹𝑆 = 1.70

And the Modified Mohr theory gives

1 𝜎 𝑆 ,−𝑆 , 𝜎 𝜎
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 ,
1 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (124 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(20 𝑘𝑠𝑖) −5 𝑘𝑠𝑖
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 124 𝑘𝑠𝑖
1 1750
= maximum (0.54795), + .0403
𝐹𝑆 4526
1
= maximum[(0.54795), (0.42695)] = 0.54795
𝐹𝑆

𝐹𝑆 = 1.825

c) The stress state is in the fourth quadrant; therefore, the failure criterion give different results. The
graphical solution is

‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐺‖

𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.7
‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐹‖

‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐻‖

𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.8
‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐹‖

Machine Design P a g e | 5.21/25-5

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.21-25 Solution

Solution 5.24
The stress state is given as: σx = -10 ksi, σx = -25 ksi, xy = -10 ksi. Stresses that are not provided are
assumed to be zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 −10 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧−25 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

The stresses are only present on the x-y plane. Therefore, we can use the simpler two-dimensional principal
stress formula

𝜎 +𝜎 𝜎 −𝜎
𝜎 , = ± +𝜏
2 2

−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 + (−25 𝑘𝑠𝑖) −10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − (−25 𝑘𝑠𝑖)

𝜎 , = ± + (−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖) = −17.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ± 12.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2 2

𝜎 = −5.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = −30.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = 0.0 (𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 0.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = −5.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 −30.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

a) The brittle Coulomb-Mohr theory gives

𝑆𝑢,𝑐 𝑆𝑢,𝑡 (36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 4526 4526

𝐹𝑆 = = = =
𝜎1 𝑆𝑢,𝑐 − 𝜎3 𝑆𝑢,𝑡 (0.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) − −30.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 0 + 1095 1095
(

𝐹𝑆 = 4.133

And the Modified Mohr theory gives

1 𝜎 𝑆 ,−𝑆 , 𝜎 𝜎
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 ,
1 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (124 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(0.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖) −30 𝑘𝑠𝑖
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 124 𝑘𝑠𝑖
1
= maximum[(0.0), (0.0 + 0.24194)]
𝐹𝑆

Machine Design P a g e | 5.21/25-6

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.21-25 Solution

1
= maximum[(0.0), (0.24194)] = 0.24194
𝐹𝑆

𝐹𝑆 = 4.133

c) Since the stress state is in the first quadrant, both theories give the same results. The graphical solution is

‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐽‖

𝐹𝑆 = 𝐹𝑆 = =
‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐼‖

𝐹𝑆 = 𝐹𝑆 = 4.1

Solution 5.25
The stress state is given as: σx = -35 ksi, σx =-13 ksi, xy = -10 ksi. Stresses that are not provided are
assumed to be zero. The three-dimensional stress state is:
𝜎 −35 𝑘𝑠𝑖
⎧𝜎 ⎫ ⎧ 13 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎫
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜏 =
⎨ ⎬ ⎨ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏 ⎪ ⎪ 0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎪
⎩𝜏 ⎭ ⎩−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ⎭

The stresses are only present on the x-y plane. Therefore, we can use the simpler two-dimensional principal
stress formula

𝜎 +𝜎 𝜎 −𝜎
𝜎 , = ± +𝜏
2 2

−35 𝑘𝑠𝑖 + 13 𝑘𝑠𝑖 −35 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 13 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 , = ± + (−10 𝑘𝑠𝑖) = −11.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ± 26.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2 2

𝜎 = 15.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = −37.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝜎 = 0.0 (𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Therefore, the principal stresses are (𝜎 is the most positive and 𝜎 is the most negative):
𝜎1 15.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 0.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎3 −37.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖

a) The brittle Coulomb-Mohr theory gives

𝑆𝑢,𝑐 𝑆𝑢,𝑡 (36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 4526 4526

𝐹𝑆 = = = =
𝜎1 𝑆𝑢,𝑐 − 𝜎3 𝑆𝑢,𝑡 (15.0𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124𝑘𝑠𝑖) − (−37.0𝑘𝑠𝑖)(36.5𝑘𝑠𝑖) 1860 + 1350.5 3210.5

Machine Design P a g e | 5.21/25-7

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.21-25 Solution

𝐹𝑆 = 1.410

And the Modified Mohr theory gives

1 𝜎 𝑆 ,−𝑆 , 𝜎 𝜎
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 , 𝑆 ,
1 15 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (124 𝑘𝑠𝑖 − 36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(15.0 𝑘𝑠𝑖) −37 𝑘𝑠𝑖
= maximum , −
𝐹𝑆 36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (36.5 𝑘𝑠𝑖)(124 𝑘𝑠𝑖) 124 𝑘𝑠𝑖
1 1312.5
= maximum (0.41096), + 0.29839
𝐹𝑆 4526
1
= maximum[(0.41096), (0.58838)] = 0.58838
𝐹𝑆
𝐹𝑆 = 1.70

c) The stress state is in the fourth quadrant; therefore, the failure criterion give different results. The
graphical solution is

‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐿‖

𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.4
‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐾‖

‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝑀‖

𝐹𝑆 = = = 1.7
‖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒‖ ‖𝑂𝐾‖

Machine Design P a g e | 5.21/25-8

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.36 Solution

Problem 5.36 This problem illustrates

that the factor of safety for a machine
element depends on the particular point
selected for analysis. Here you are to
compute factors of safety, based upon the
distortion-energy theory, for stress
elements at A and B of the member shown
in the figure. This bar is made of AISI
1006 cold-drawn steel and is loaded by
the forces F = 0.8 kN, P = 3.0 kN, and T =
20 N · m.

Solution 5.36
Given: AISI 1006 CD steel, F = 0.8
kN, P = 4.0 kN, and T = 20 Nm.

From Table A-20, Sy =280 MPa. Apply the DE theory to stress elements A and B.

The various properties at points A and B are:

𝜋𝑑 𝜋(0.015 𝑚)
𝐴= = = 176.715𝑥10 𝑚
4 4
𝜋𝑑 𝜋(0.015 𝑚)
𝐼 = = = 2.48505𝑥10 𝑚
64 64
𝜋𝑑 𝜋(0.015 𝑚)
𝐽 = = = 4.97010𝑥10 𝑚
32 32

Machine Design P a g e | 5.36-1

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.36 Solution

Since both points A and B (the fixed end) are at the same location relative to the loads/moments, let us first
determine the stresses at that location.

Normal Stress due to axial load

Since there is only an axial load in the x-direction, we only have one axial stress present. The normal
stress due to the axial load, 𝑃 = 3.0 𝑘𝑁, is
𝑃 3𝑥10 𝑁
𝜎 | = = = 16.976𝑥10 𝑃𝑎 = 16.976 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴 176.715𝑥10 𝑚
The axial load creates tension in the bar; therefore, the normal stress is positive (tension).

Normal Stress due to bending

At the fixed end, the force F which acts in the negative z-direction creates a bending moment about the
y-axis. Since the resulting moment is in the positive y-direction it is considered positive.
𝑀 = 𝐹𝐿 = (0.8 𝑘𝑁)(0.100 𝑚) = 80 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
The normal stress due to the bending moment is
𝑀 𝑧 (80 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚)𝑧
𝜎 | = = = (32.1925𝑥10 )𝑧 = 32192.5𝑧 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼 2.48505𝑥10 𝑚
We need to verify that our sign is correct. In the positive z-direction the positive moment about the y-
axis will create a positive (tension) stress, and will create a negative (compression) stress in the
negative z-direction. Therefore, our sign is correct on our equation.

Shear Stress due to shear force

Similar to the bending moment, the only shear force is due to the force in the negative z-direction, F.
Since we are considering the stress on the area with the normal in the x-direction, and the shear force is
in the z-direction, the shear stress component is on the x-z plane. The shear stress due to the shear force,
F, is
𝑉𝑄
𝜏 | ℎ =
𝐼𝑡
For a round cross-section, both Q and t are a function of z; therefore, we will leave the transverse shear
stress in terms of Q and t at this point. However, since the force is in the negative z-direction it will have
a negative sign on the shear stress.
𝑉𝑄
𝜏 | ℎ =
𝑉𝑡
𝑉𝑄 (−800 𝑁)𝑄 𝑄
𝜏 | ℎ = = = −321925 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼 𝑡 (2.48505𝑥10 𝑚 )𝑡 𝑡

Shear Stress due to torque

Machine Design P a g e | 5.36-2

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.36 Solution

The moment about the x-axis, 𝑻𝒙 = 20 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚, will cause a shear stress. The component of the shear
stress due to the torque will depend on which point we are considering. Therefore, at this juncture, we
will not denote the component. The shear stress due to the torque is
𝑇 𝑟 (20 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚)(0.0075 𝑚)
𝜏 = = = 30.181 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐽 4.97010𝑥10 𝑚
The shear stress due to torque on the fixed face is in a counter-clockwise direction about the x-axis.

At point A:
Normal Stresses
The normal stress due to the axial load is
𝜎 | = 16.976 𝑀𝑃𝑎
The z-coordinate is 0.0 therefore the stress due to the bending moment is
𝜎 | = 321925𝑧 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 321925(0.0) 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 0.0
There are no forces/moments acting on the other two normal stress planes, thus the normal stress are:
𝜎 =𝜎 | +𝜎 | = 16.976 𝑀𝑃𝑎 + 0.0 = 16.976 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎 = 0.0
𝜎 = 0.0
Shear Stresses
For the shear stress due to transverse shear force the z-coordinate is 0.0 and the thickness is equal to
the diameter. Then
2 2 2𝑟 2(0.0075 𝑚)
𝑄= 𝑧 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑧 𝐴 = (𝑟 − 𝑧 ) = (𝑟 − 0 ) = =
3 3 3 3
−9
𝑄 = 281.25𝑥10 𝑚3
𝑡 = 0.015 𝑚
Giving
𝑄 281.25𝑥10
𝜏 | ℎ = −321925 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = (321925) 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑡 0.015 𝑚
𝜏 | ℎ = −6.036 𝑀𝑃𝑎

The shear stress due to the torque was determined to be 𝜏 = 30.181 𝑀𝑃𝑎. The shear is on the
face normal to the x-axis and the shear stress is in the z-direction at point A. The shear stress is
𝜏 | = 30.181 𝑀𝑃𝑎
There are no other shear stress components, therefore the shear stresses are
𝜏 =0
𝜏 =0

Machine Design P a g e | 5.36-3

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.36 Solution

𝜏 =𝜏 | ℎ +𝜏 | = −6.036 𝑀𝑃𝑎 + 30.181 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 24.145 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Since we are using the Distortion Energy (von Mises) theory, the equivalent stress is
1 ⁄
𝜎 = 𝜎 −𝜎 + 𝜎 −𝜎 + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + 6 𝜏 +𝜏 +𝜏
√2
1
𝜎 = (16.976 𝑀𝑃𝑎 − 0) + (0 − 0) + (0 − 16.976 MPa)
√2
⁄
+ 6[0 + 0 + (24.145 𝑀𝑃𝑎) ]
𝜎 = 45.14 𝑀𝑃𝑎
The Safety Factor based on Distortion Energy failure criterion is
𝑆 280 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑆 = =
𝜎 45.14 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑆 = 6.2

At point B:
Normal Stresses
The normal stress due to the axial load is
𝜎 | = 16.976 𝑀𝑃𝑎
The z-coordinate is 0.0075 m therefore the stress due to the bending moment is
𝜎 | = 32192.5𝑧 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 321925(0.0075) 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 241.444
There are no forces/moments acting on the other two normal stress planes, thus the normal stress are:
𝜎 =𝜎 | +𝜎 | = 16.976 𝑀𝑃𝑎 + 241.444 = 258.416 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎 = 0.0
𝜎 = 0.0
Shear Stresses
For the shear stress due to transverse shear force the z-coordinate is 0.0075 m and the thickness is
equal to the diameter. Then
2 2
𝑄= 𝑧 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑧 𝐴 = (𝑟 − 𝑧 ) = (0.0075 − 0.0075 ) = 0.0
3 3
𝑡 = 0.0
Giving
𝑄 0.0
𝜏 | ℎ = 321925 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = (321925) = 0.0
𝑡 0.015 𝑚
The shear stress due to the torque was determined to be 𝜏 = 24.145 𝑀𝑃𝑎. The shear is on the
face normal to the x-axis and the shear stress is in the negative y-direction at point B. The shear stress is
𝜏 | = −30.181𝑀𝑃𝑎

Machine Design P a g e | 5.36-4

 ME 628 Homework 1-2 Problem 5.36 Solution

There are no other shear stress components, therefore the shear stresses are
𝜏 =𝜏 | = −30.181 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜏 =0
𝜏 =0
Since we are using the Distortion Energy (von Mises) theory, the equivalent stress is
1 ⁄
𝜎 = 𝜎 −𝜎 + 𝜎 −𝜎 + (𝜎 − 𝜎 ) + 6 𝜏 +𝜏 +𝜏
√2
1
𝜎 = (258.416 𝑀𝑃𝑎 − 0) + (0 − 0) + (0 − 258.416 MPa)
√2
⁄
+ 6[(−30.181 𝑀𝑃𝑎) + 0 + 0 ]
𝜎 = 263.65𝑀𝑃𝑎
The Safety Factor based on Distortion Energy failure criterion is
𝑆 280 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑆 = =
𝜎 263.65 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑆 = 1.06

Machine Design P a g e | 5.36-5