GEOGRAPHY (Rivers)

SECTION A- Multiple Choice

Shade the BEST answer to each question on PAGE 3 of this question/answer booklet.

1.
2. Water flowing downslope beneath the top 8. Natural levées are built up by:
soil is known as _____________ a. Weathering
a. Infiltration b. Humans
b. Through flow c. Flood
c. Groundwater flow d. Erosion
d. Surface run off
9. Why is material deposited at the mouth of
3. Running water erodes solid rock by: the river?
a. Corrosion a. Because it’s here that the water flows
b. Abrasion the fastest where the river meets the
c. Hydraulic Action sea causing the material to be
d. All of the above deposited.
b. Because when fresh water meets salt
water, salt water causes the material
floating in the fresh water to be
deposited.
c. All of the above.
d. None of the above.
4. The pattern above most closely resembles
__________ pattern. 10. Particles that roll or slide along the river
a. radial bottom are known as the:
b. dendritic a. suspended load
c. trellis b. dissolved load
d. none of the above c. bed load
d. none of the above
5. Which of the following statements is NOT
true? 11. Of the choices below, the most common
a. Interlocking spurs are formed by cross section of a river valley in its early
deposition. stage is:
b. Waterfalls are found in the steep
parts of a river.
c. Rapids are a series of little
waterfalls.
d. Oxbow lakes are formed from wide
meander loops.

6. The bed load in the upper course of a river

MAINLY consists of:
a. Medium-sized material e.g. gravel
b. Large material e.g. boulders 12. Which of the following is NOT a feature of
c. Fine material e.g. silt a meander:
d. All of the above a. Bluff
b. Point bar
7. Another name for the water cycle is: c. Slip-off slope
a. The Hydrogen Cycle d. Interlocking spur
b. The Hydrolysis Cycle
c. The Hydrological Cycle
d. None of the above
13. Which of the following statements is a. A landform found in both the middle
TRUE? and lower course of a river where
a. Hydraulic action is a process of fine material is deposited.
erosion which involves minerals in b. A landform found in the lower
rocks being dissolved by the river course only where silt and other
water. material is deposited.
b. Hydraulic action is a transportation c. A landform found in the upper and
process which involves minerals in middle course of a river where fine
rocks being dissolved by the river material is deposited.
water. d. A landform found in the middle
c. Hydraulic action is an indirect course only where silt and other
process of erosion, since it does not material is deposited.
involve the wearing away of the bed
or bank of a river.
d. Hydraulic action is a process of
erosion whereby the force of the
water breaks up the bank and bed of
a river.

14. A channel can be defined as:

a. The section of the river where the
water flows.
b. The total amount of water in the river
at a given time. 19. The diagram above is an example of a/an:
c. The section of the river where a. Oxbow lake
material is deposited. b. Flood plain
d. None of the above c. Braided channel
d. Levée
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE
about the middle course of a river profile? 20. Which of the following is TRUE of vertical
a. The middle course has a broader erosion?
valley compared to the upper course. a. Widens the valley, common in the
b. The middle course consists of rapids. upper stages of a river, when the
c. Oxbow lakes are typically found in gradient is gentle.
the middle course. b. Deepens the valley, common in the
d. All of the above upper stages of a river, when
gradient is steep.
16. Interception is a process whereby: c. Deepens the valley, common in the
a. Water infiltrates into the soil. lower stages of a river, when the
b. Water percolates through the soil. gradient is gentle.
c. Trees slow down the rate at which d. Deepens the valley, common in the
water reaches the soil. upper stages of a river, when the
d. Water moves downslope through the gradient is gentle.
soil.
21. Potholes found on the bed of a river are
17. Point bars develop: formed by:
a. on the inside of a meander bend a. the impact of a large rock moved by
b. on the outside of a meander bend a strong current which creates a
c. at the base of a waterfall crater on the river bed.
d. on the bend of the meander where b. the grinding action of pebbles
erosion is taking place swirling around on the river bed.
c. cascading water from a waterfall
which wears away the rock.
d. none of the above

18. A flood plain can best be described as:

CONTINUE ON TO SECTION B
Name: _________________________ Form: 3____ Date: _________________________

GEOGRAPHY (Rivers)

SECTION A- Multiple Choice [20 marks]

Shade the BEST answer below.

1.
2. (A) (B) (C) (D)
3. (A) (B) (C) (D)
4. (A) (B) (C) (D)
5. (A) (B) (C) (D)
6. (A) (B) (C) (D)
7. (A) (B) (C) (D)
8. (A) (B) (C) (D)
9. (A) (B) (C) (D)
10. (A) (B) (C) (D)
11. (A) (B) (C) (D)
12. (A) (B) (C) (D)
13. (A) (B) (C) (D)
14. (A) (B) (C) (D)
15. (A) (B) (C) (D)
16. (A) (B) (C) (D)
17. (A) (B) (C) (D)
18. (A) (B) (C) (D)
19. (A) (B) (C) (D)
20. (A) (B) (C) (D)
21. (A) (B) (C) (D)

SECTION B- TRUE OR FALSE [10 marks]

Circle whether the following statements are true or false.

1. The amount of water flowing in the river is known as discharge.

TRUE FALSE

2. Meanders and flood plains are only found in the lower course of the river.
TRUE FALSE

3. The watershed is an imaginary line that is also known as a catchment area.

TRUE FALSE

4. The river channel in the middle course of a river’s profile is wider and deeper than the upper course.
TRUE FALSE

5. The slip-off slope of a meander is steep because of erosion and can become unstable resulting in
landslides.
TRUE FALSE
6. Rain water infiltrates and then percolates through permeable rock before becoming part of the
groundwater store.
TRUE FALSE

7. A river is cut back when abrasion erodes the river’s bank by the rubbing effect of rocks against the bank
while the process of a waterfall retreating upstream is referred to as undercutting.
TRUE FALSE

8. In order for deposition to occur, the river’s gradient increases and the volume of water decreases.
TRUE FALSE
 9. It is possible for a river’s bank to be raised above the flood plain. This is known as a levée.
TRUE FALSE

10. Vertical erosion deepens the river’s valley while lateral erosion widens it.
TRUE FALSE

CONTINUE ON THE NEXT PAGE

SECTION C- Structured Questions [70 marks]

Answer ALL of the following questions.

1. Draw a well-labelled diagram of the water cycle in the blank space below and include the following
processes:
a. Evaporation b. Condensation c. Precipitation d. Surface Run-off e. Infiltration
f. Interception [6 marks]

2. Identify the drainage patterns below and state where each can be found. [9 marks]
a. b.

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c.

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3. Describe the following river erosion processes: [4 marks]

 a. Hydraulic action- __________________________________________________________________

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b. Corrasion- _______________________________________________________________________

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4. Explain TWO (2) expected differences between the upper and lower course of a river. [4 marks]

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5. Draw a well-labelled diagram showing the FOUR (4) river transportation processes. Include a brief
description of each process shown on the diagram. [8 marks]

6. Explain how waterfalls are formed. [5 marks]

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7. With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain how river cliffs and slip-off slopes are [10 marks]
formed at meanders.

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8. Study the diagram of the lower course of a river and then answer the questions below. [6 marks]
Name the features labelled:
A- _____________________________
B- _____________________________
C- _____________________________
9. With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain how ox-bow lakes are formed. [10 marks]

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10. Briefly explain how levées are formed. [4 marks]

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11. Name TWO (2) types of deltas. [2 marks]

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12. State ONE (1) condition necessary for the formation of a delta. [2 marks]

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TOTAL: 100 marks