LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Triggering circuits for SCR

2. Single phase full converter with "R" and "RL" load
3. Single phase AC voltage controller
4. Commutation of SCR
5. Current commutated chopper fed DC drive
6. Single phase half controlled rectifier fed DC motor
7. Static DC and AC circuit breakers
8. (a)Simulation power electronics circuits using
MATLAB/simulink
(b Control of three phase Induction motor using
MATLAB Cortex M4

9. (a)Speed Control of IoT based Electric Vehicle(EV)

drive
(b)Speed control of Brushless DC(BLDC) Motor -
using VSI & Micro controller
Exp.No.1 Triggering circuits for SCR
Date:

Aim:
To trigger the SCR using ‘R’ and ‘RC’ triggering methods

Apparatus required:
S.NO Apparatus name Specification Quantity
1. SCR H2P4M 1
2. Ammeter (0-150mA)MC, 1
3. MI Voltmeter (0-15V)MC 1
4. Decade resistance box 100MΩ 1
5. Capacitor 0.03µF 1(each)
6. Centre tapped transformer 230/12-0-12 V 1
7. Rheostat 185Ω/1.5A 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R AND RC TRIGGERING

(0-150mA)MC

SCR-H2P4M
PIV=400V
Maximum forward current=2A
Maximum gate triggering current= 0.2mA
Holding current =1mA
Formula
Calculated value of average load voltage = Vm(1+Cosα)
2π
Initial conditions:
• CRO should be isolated
• Ensure all components(Resistors, SCR, meters, transformers, wires and switches are in
good conditions.

Procedure:
1. Circuit connections are given as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. The SPST switch is in open condition for 'R' triggering.
3. By varying the Rg(decade resistance box from 1MΩ) the firing angle is varied.
4. The firing angle is varied from 0 to 90°
5. Ammeter, voltmeter and CRO readings ( 4 to 5 readings) are observed.
6. 1st channel of the CRO is connected across the output to observe the output waveform
7. 2nd channel of the CRO is connected across the input to observe the input waveform
8. Graph are plotted between
• Input voltage Vs time
• output voltage Vs time
9. The same procedure is followed by closing the SPSTS
TABULATION
S.No Firing angle Without capacitor(‘R’ trig) With capacitor ( ‘RC’ trig)
(deg)
Load Load Load Load
voltage(v) current voltage(v) current (A)
(A)

calculated measured calculated measured

Inference:

Result:
EXP NO:2 Single phase full converter with "R" and "RL" load

DATE:

Single phase full converter

AIM:

To obtain the DC load voltage across load using single phase full converter.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO Apparatus name Specification Quantity

1. Diode 1N4007 1
2. DRB 0-10MΩ 1
3. SCR H2P4M 1
4. MC Ammeter (0-100)mA 1
5. MC voltmeter (0-30)V 1
6. Inductor 120mH 1
7. Rheostat 1180/0.5A 1
8. DSO 100MHz 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

230/12-0-12 V, J2
SPECIFICATIONS: H2P4M

• PIV=400V
• Maximum forward current=2A
• Maximum gate triggering current=0.2A
• Holding current=1mA
PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Give 230v AC supply to main circuit and triggering circuit.
3. Note down the ammeter and voltmeter readings.
4. Observe the waveforms of load voltage in CRO and calculate the firing angle.
5. Vary the firing angle alpha in steps from 0 to 180 degree by adjusting the
resistance R in UJT triggering circuit and for each alpha do steps 3 and 4.
6. Draw the graph of load voltage vs wt.
R LOAD:

Average voltage:

Vavg=Vm(1+cosα)/π

Iavg=Vm(1+cosα)/ πR

RMS voltage:

Vrms =Vm/1.414[(π-α)+sin2α/2]½

Irms =Vm/1.414R[(π-α)+sin2α/2]½

RL LOAD:

Average voltage:

Voavg=2Vmcosα/ π

Ioavg=2Vmcosα/ Πr

RMS voltage:

Vorms=Vm/1.414
 Iorms=Vm/1.414R

DESIGN:

200mA<IL<2A

Let IL=500mA

RLmax=2Vm/( π IL )= 48(1.414)/(3.14x0.2)

RL(min)=10.87Ω

RL(max)=108.7Ω

TABULATION:

S.No Firing angle Load voltage Load current

calculated measured

INFERENCE:

RESULT:

Thus the single phase full and semi converter output waveforms have been drawn for
varies values of load.
EXP.NO:3

DATE: SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

3A: SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

AIM:

To obtain the AC load voltage using single phase AC voltage controller.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO APPARATUS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1 SCR H2P4M 2

2 RHEOSTAT 185Ω/1.5A 1

3 TRANSFORMER 230V/24V,5A 1

4 AMMETER (0-100mA)MI 1

5 VOLTMETER (0-30V)MI 1

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Give 230V AC supply to the main circuit.
3. Note down the ammeter and voltmeter reading.
4. Observe the waveform of load voltage in CRO and calculate the value of firing angle in
degrees.
5. Change the value of ‘α’ by changing the resistance R in UJT triggering circuit and for
each value of ‘α’, do steps 3 and 4.
6. Draw the graph for “output voltage “.

TRIGGERING CIRCUIT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

230/12-0-12 V, J2

THEORY:

• AC Voltage controllers are semiconductor based circuits which convert fixed alternating
voltage directly to variable alternating voltage without a change in the frequency.
 • Applications of AC voltage controllers include transformer tap changing, lighting
control, speed control of single phase and three phase ac drives and starting of
induction motors.
• In single phase AC voltage controller, two thyristors are connected in anti parallel
where T1 and T2 are forward biased during positive and negative half cycles
respectively.
• During positive half cycle, T1 is triggered at a firing angle “α”, hence it starts
conducting and source voltage is applied to load from α to ∏ .
• During negative half cycle, T2 is triggered at a firing angle “(∏+α)”, hence it starts
conducting and source voltage is applied to load from (∏+α) to 2∏.
• Thus, the fixed ac voltage can be controlled and varied for different firing angles

CIRCUIT DESIGN:

VO (rms)=(Vm / √2∏ ) [ (∏-α) + 1/2 (sin 2α) ]

When α=0;
VO (rms)= Vm / √2
Let VO (rms)= 100V; IL=0.8A;
RL = VO (rms)/ IL
= 125Ω
Thus choosing RL = 185Ω/1.5A.

DERIVATION OF VO (rms) :

VO (rms) = √[ (1/2∏) ∫ Vm2sin2ωt . dωt]

= ( Vm / √2∏ ) √[α∫∏ sin2ωt . dωt + α+∏∫2∏ sin2ωt . dωt]

= (Vm / √2∏ ) √ (1/2) [ (∏-α) +( sin 2α / 2) + (2∏-∏-α) +

( sin2(∏+α)/2) ]

= ( Vm / √2∏ ) √ (1/2) [ (∏-α) + ( sin 2α / 2)+( cosα sinα )

+ (∏-α) ]

= ( Vm / √2∏ ) √ (1/2) [ 2(∏-α) + (sin2α/ 2)]

=
( Vm / √2∏ ) √ (∏-α) + (sin2α/2)]

TABULATION:
S.NO FIRING ANGLE LOAD VOLTAGE LOAD
CURRENT

calculated measured
1

MODEL CALCULATION:

Inference:

RESULT:
Exp.No.4. Commutation of SCR
Date:

AIM:
To turnoff or commutate the conducting SCR by voltage commutation and current
commutation.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name Specification Quantity
1 SCR H2P4M 2
2 SPSTS - 1
3 Inductor 5H 1
4 Resistor 12KΩ , 60KΩ 1 each
5 Capacitor 100µF 1
6 MC ammeter 0-200mA 1
7 RPS 0-30V, 2A 3

Specifications of SCR:
Type: H2P4M
Peak Inverse Voltage : 400V
Maximum Forward Current : 2A
Gate Triggering Current : 0.2mA
Holding Current : 1mA

Circuit Design:
Capacitance:
Ip = V(C/L)1/2
Where, Ip- Peak Resonant Current (A)
V – Supply Voltage to the SCR
C – Capacitance
L - Inductance
Now, C = Ip2 x L / V2
Let Ip = 60mA, L= 5H ,V = 12V
Then C = 125µF. Approximately C = 100µF
RL:
Assume load current IL = 200mA
Assume Vmax = 100V
 Load Resistance RL = 100 x √2 / 0.2 = 707.1Ω
So RLis chosen as 1180Ω/0.2A
Triggering Circuit:
Vg = 12V , Ig = 0.2mA
Rg = Vg / Ig = 12 / 0.2 = 60kΩ

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Voltage Commutation:

(0-200mA) MC
+ -

(0-30)V

Current Commutation:
 (0-200mA) MC
+ -

(0-30)V RPS

PROCEDURE:

1. Circuit connections are given as shown in the diagram.

2. SPST switch is closed for 10secs to charge the capacitor C.
3. SCR1 is triggered by closing the SPDT switch. Now the load current flows.
4. Meter readings are noted.
5. Now after sometime SCR2 is closed to turn off SCR1.
6. The current is made to zero due to commutation.

OBSERVATION:

Voltage Commutation:

S.No Current through SCR1 Current through SCR1

before triggering SCR2 after triggering SCR2
(mA) (mA)
 Current Commutation:

S.No Current through SCR1 Current through SCR1

before triggering SCR2 after triggering SCR2
(mA) (mA)

Inference:

RESULT:

Thus the conducting SCR was turned off(commutated) by

1. Voltage Commutation
2. Current Commutation
EXP.5- CURRENT COMMUTATED CHOPPER FED
DC DRIVE
Aim:

To drive DC motor using Current commutated chopper and study its characteristics.

Apparatus Required:

S.NO APPARATUS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1. SCR H2P4M 2

2. DIODE IN4001 2

3. CAPACITOR 1

4. INDUCTOR 1

5. DC CHOPPER FIRING 1
CICCUIT

6. DC MOTOR Voltage: 24V, 1

Power =24W,
Current=1A,

N= 1500rpm

Procedure:

1. The circuit connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. By varying the duty cycle of the chopper, corresponding load voltage and speed are taken.
3. The graph is plotted between load voltage and speed

Theory:

Dc chopper FED DC Drive :

Chopper also known as DC-DC converters are used to get variable DC source of fixed voltage.

Self commutated devices such as MOSFETs ,Power transistors ,IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors),GTO and
IGCT are preferred over SCR’s because they can be commuted by a low power control signal.

T1 is operated periodically with period T and remains on for a duration TON. Present day choppers operate
at frequency which is high enough to ensure continuous conduction waveform of motor terminal voltage Va and
armature current Ia for continuous conduction are shown in figure.

RaIa+LdIa/dt+ E=V, 0<=t<=TON

In this interval armature current increases from Ia ,to Ia2 since motor is connected to the source during this
interval. It is called duty interval

Circuit diagram:

Name plate details of the DC motor:

Voltage: 24V, Power =24W, Current=1A, Speed= 1500rpm

Tabulation:

S.NO SPEED(rpm) VOLTAGE(V) DUTY CYCLE (%)

Model Graph:

Result:

Thus DC motor is controlled using voltage commutated chopper and its characteristics is studied.
 Exp.6-SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED RECTIFIER FED DC MOTOR
AIM:

To design a single phase half controlled rectifier to regulate the speed of a DC motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO APPARATUS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1 J4 Variac 230/0-270V 1
2 Power SCR - 2
3 Power Diode - 2
4 MC Ammeter (0-500mA) 1
5 MC Voltmeter (0-100V) 1
6 DC motor 230V,0.37kW, 1
2.3A,1500 rpm
7 CRO - 1
8 Tachometer - 1

PROCEDURE:
1. The circuit connections are made as shown in the figure.
2. The supply voltage given to the circuit through the variac.
3. By varying the firing angle, the corresponding voltage, current and speed are noted down.
4. The graph is plotted between firing angle vs. speed and firing angle and voltage.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Name Plate Details of the DC Shunt Motor:

Voltage: 220V, Power =0.6w, Current=2.9A, Speed= 1500rpm

THEORY:
In a separately excited DC motor T1 receives gate pulse from α to π and T2 from π+α to 2π.

The AC/DC converter using Thyristor often referred to as a controlled rectifier. When input voltage
is positive and when T1 is triggered the load current flows through SCR T1 and load resistance and D1.
T1 is turned off when input voltage becomes negative. During the next half cycle, T2 and D2 conducts.
Here the output voltage is controlled by varying the firing angle for SCR’s T1and T2.

The output voltage is

SPECIFICATION:

SCR
PIV=400V
Maximum forward current=2A
Holding current=1mA
Gate triggering current=200mA
DIODE IN4001
RMS inverse voltage=30V
Forward current=1A
MOTOR
Rated power=0.37kW
Rated voltage=230V
Rated current=23A

INFERENCE FROM MODULE 1:

RESULT:
Exp.7-STATIC DC AND AC CIRCUIT BREAKER

mA)
 + - -
+

12V

5KΩ
 ≅185Ω

PROCERDURE:
Exp.8- (a)SIMULATION OF POWER ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS USING MATLAB/SIMULINK
Exp.8(b) Control of three phase Induction motor using MATLAB Cortex M4
Aim

To Control the Speed of three phase induction motor and BLDC motor using IGBT / SIC MOSFET based

power Module with MATLAB Cortex M4 .

Apparatus Required

S.No Apparatus required Quantity

1 Three phase induction 200V, 0.5kW 1

motor

2 3 IGBT /SIC MOSFET based 1

power Module

3 4 PWM interface card 1

Functional diagram 3 half bridge circuit:

 Block diagram of Gate drive circuit for dual IGBT module

Flowchart
Procedure:
1. Using two core cable give 15V supply from DC source to IGBT/Sic MOSFET based Power Module.
2. Using two core cable give DC input supply from DC source to IGBT based Power Module.
3. Connect PWM signal to power circuit using patch chord (SP7 connector).
4. Using 34 Pin FRC cable Connect PWM signal from controller to PWM interface card.
5. Using 34 Pin FRC cable Connect PWM signal from PWM interface card to Speed feedback card
and Power Module.
6. Three phase inverter output is given to three phase AC motor.
7. Motor Speed feedback from motor which is given to controller through feedback card.
8. Connect Power chord to DC Voltage source module and controller board.

Inference from module 9b:

Result:
Thus the speed control of 3 phase IM and BLDC motor have been achieved.
EXP.9 Speed Control of IoT based Electric Vehicle(EV) drive and BLDC Drive

(a)-Speed Control of IoT based Electric Vehicle(EV) drive-

AIM:

● To enhance the practical knowledge of electric vehicles and their parts.

● To learn and experiment with the logic and concepts in the field of electric vehicles
S.No APPARATUS REQUIRED Specifications Quantity

1. MCB unit - To trip on / off the power supply 1

2. Accelerator / Throttle 1

3. Brake 1

4. Forward and Reverse Toggle Switch 1

5. Selector Switch 1 - Select the operation Mode 1

6. Selector Switch 2 - Select the motor type 1

7. DC-DC BUCK Voltage Converter (1.25V - 35V DC) 1

8. Battery (48V, 7000 mAh) 1

9. Charger (48V, 10A) 1

10. Relay (5V, 30A) 1

11. SPWM Controller - To control the BLDC and 1

HUB Motor functionality

12. PWM Controller - To control the DC motor 1

functionality

13. BLDC Motor 48V, 750w 1

14. DC Motor 24V, 250w 1

15. HUB Motor- 24V, 250w 1

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Flow Diagram:
. Working Procedure:

❖ Select the Mode by using the mode selection switch Iot/Manual.

❖ Then turn ON the main power supply by using the tripper circuit.
❖ Let’s assume that we start with the Manual mode,
➢ Then we have to select the motor type which we want to run.
➢ Once the motor is selected, Then toggle the switch which is very next to the accelerator set up for
the forward and reverse operation which we need.
➢ Then turn the key on which is next to the forward-reverse switch.
➢ Once the key is on, if you select the BLDC motor in the selector, turn on the S-PWM controller’s
key which is next to the BLDC Motor.
➢ Once all set, If you select BLDC or DC Motor you can connect the selected motor alone with the
wheel by using the chain bracket if required.
➢ Then we can perform the functions like acceleration and break.
➢ If needed we can switch between the forward and reverse mode at any point.
❖ When IoT is selected;
➢ Install the mobile app which is given to your mobile.
➢ Once done, open the mobile app, if you are a new user sign up to create an account.

➢ Create an account by entering the required credentials.

➢ Once an account is created, login to the app with your credentials.
➢ Then turn on the mobile wifi and scan for the wifi under the name of “ iotev ” select that wifi which
asks for the credential enter “ quantanicsiotev“ as a password.
➢ Once the wifi is connected go to the web page and type “ 192.168.4.1 “ in the address bar.
➢ Which opens the wifi configuration page as shown below. Select the Wificonfig button and enter
the wifi credential over there and click “ Save “ button to save the credential

➢ Once the credentials were saved it shows the below page and then you can switch from the browser
to the mobile app.

eviot

➢ Then in your mobile app, it asks you to scan a valid QR which is sticked on the selector panel.
➢ Then connect the DSO points to the required terminals to visualize the waveforms in the DSO panel
➢ Then in your mobile app it asks you to select the motor. among the three motors. just tap on any
motor that you need to use.

➢ Then the mobile app asks you to turn on the motor. Once you turn it on it goes to the controlling
page as shown below.
Control page of mobile
9 (b) Speed control of Brushless DC Motor (BLDC-Motor) using
VSI &Micro controller

Aim: to control the Speed of Brushless DC Motor (BLDC-Motor) using VSI &Micro controller

Apparatus required

S.N Description Qty

01 PWM Controller [ FPGA-controller ] 01

02 3 phase Voltage source inverter power module (PLVSI-01) 01

03 3Ø BLDC Motor set up 01

Power 100w
Speed 3000 RPM
Feed Back 3number of Hall sensor (120 degree)
Voltage 24V
Current 5A
No. Pole 4 Pole
Feed Back 3number of Hall sensor (120 degree)

04 Manual & Connecting wires 01

Specifications of IPM

Power circuit input : 0-230VAC [or] 0-300VDC

Output : 3 Ø, O- 200V AC, / 1Ø, 0-230VAC /
0-300VDC
Capacity : 5A
Power Device : SPM [FSBB20CH60B]
PWM Inputs
Maximum numbers of input : 6 Numbers
Maximum PWM Voltage : 5V
Maximum PWM Frequency : 1-10KHZ
Block Diagram for BLDC Motor

Procedure

• Ensure the proper cable connection.

• Connect motor terminal U, V, W to power module.
• Connect BLDC Hall sensor signal to Micro controller
• Connect 34-Pin FRC cable from Inverter module to micro controller.
• Switch “ON” the power using power ON/OFF switch.
• Switch “ON” the micro controller using power ON/OFF switch.
• Press the OC-TRIP Reset switch if reset LED1 is glow.
• Press the Micro Controller reset switch if reset LED2 is glow.
• Now the Display shows,
 “POWER LAB INSTRUMENTS
PRESENTS”
“Brushless DC Motor controller”
“Open loop
Closed Loop”

• Press SW3 switch to select “Open loop” Control (Press SW4 switch to select “Closed loop”
Control).
• The display will be,
Set speed : 0000 RPM
Actual Speed: 0000 RPM

• Now the PWM is in minimum position.

• Press SW3 switch to increase the Set speed (PWM Duty cycle Ratio), Corresponding actual
motor speed is displayed.
• Tabulate the set and actual speed in Table-1.
• To reset the function, Press SW5 reset switch.

TABLE-1

S.N Set speed Actual Speed

Inference:

Result: Thus the open loop and closed loop speed control of BLDC drive is done.