1

During his career, Cuban composer and pianist Ernesto

Lecuona produced hundreds of compositions. Especially
impressive is how _____ his body of work is: Lecuona showcased
a diverse range of musical talents in different areas, from
orchestral pieces and operas to popular film scores.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
word or phrase?

A)​outdated
B)​varied
C)​forgotten​
D)​lonely
 2

The following text is from Amy Tan's 1989 novel The Joy Luck
Club. The narrator describes practicing the piano when she was
a child.​

For the talent show, I was to play a piece called "Pleading Child"
from Schumann's Scenes from Childhood. It was a simple,
moody piece that sounded more difficult than it was. I was
supposed to memorize the whole thing, playing the repeat
parts twice to make the piece sound longer. But I dawdled over
it, playing a few bars and then cheating, looking up to see what
notes followed. I never really listened to what I was playing. I
daydreamed about being somewhere else, about being
someone else.

Based on the text, when the narrator describes herself as

“cheating,” what does she most likely mean?

A)​She was gaining an unfair advantage over other

contestants in the talent show.
B)​She was lying to herself about her musical ability.
C)​She was deceiving her piano teacher.
D)​She was violating an expectation about how to perform
the piece.
 3
The Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction is a crowdsourced
project started in 2001 by lexicographer Jesse Sheidlower to
record terms that originated in science fiction. Volunteers share
digitized excerpts from personal collections of sci-fi magazines
not typically preserved in libraries—_____ that allow the earliest
uses of phrases such as “warp speed” (1952) to be identified and
added to the dictionary.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and
precise word or phrase?

A)​contributions
B)​resolutions
C)​justifications
D)​negotiations
 4
Agglomeration economies arise when multiple firms in related
industries _____ an area, as with iron and steel production firms
and cutlery and hardware manufacturers in Wolverhampton,
UK. Economists have assumed that companies cluster for the
same reasons, but Giulia Faggio et al. found that factors driving
agglomeration in some cases are only weakly correlated with
agglomeration in others.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and
precise word or phrase?

A)​ intercede in
B)​concur with
C)​appeal to
D)​amass in
 5
The following text is from Bram Stoker’s 1911 novel The Lair of
the White Worm.

Adam is meeting his great-uncle Richard at a port.

The meeting so auspiciously begun proceeded well. Adam,

seeing that the old man was interested in the novelty of the
ship, suggested that he should stay the night on board, and
that he would himself be ready to start at any hour and go
anywhere that the other suggested. This affectionate
willingness to fall in with his own plans quite won the old
man’s heart. He warmly accepted the invitation, and at once
they became not only on terms of affectionate relationship, but
almost like old friends.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A)​It contrasts great-uncle Richard’s wary first impressions of

Adam with his ultimate affection toward him.
B)​It showcases how Adam’s flexibility and consideration
strengthen his relationship with his great-uncle Richard.
C)​It states the reasons why Adam and his great-uncle
Richard decide to sleep on the ship rather than finding
lodging on land.
D)​It describes why Adam and his great-uncle Richard are
excited for their upcoming journey on the ship.
 6

Community science, which involves professional scientists

collaborating with amateur science enthusiasts to study a
topic, is often an effective and engaging way to conduct
research. It can allow people to assist with conservation
efforts, spark youth interest in science, and increase the
amount of data researchers can collect. This approach was
essential to the success of a study by biologist Abbigail Merrill
and colleagues of how butterfly color relates to flower choice,
which included findings from hundreds of students and
community members in northwestern Arkansas.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

A)​It introduces the topic of a scientific study, describes the

study’s importance, and then presents the study’s results.
B)​It identifies a particular approach to research, lists some
benefits of that approach, and then mentions a study in
which that approach was used.
C)​It argues for a new approach to scientific research,
comments on the public’s opinion about the approach,
and then describes how that approach was applied in a
certain study.
D)​It describes the development of a type of scientific
collaboration, shows how that type of collaboration has
been used in a particular field of study, and then suggests
future collaborative projects.
 7

Io is among Jupiter’s four largest moons and was discovered in 1610

by Galileo. Advances in space exploration and imaging technologies
have since enabled scientists to discover even more moons orbiting
Jupiter. For example, scientists used the Voyager 1 space probe to
discover Adrastea in 1979. And more recently, researchers discovered
12 moons using the Dark Energy Camera at the Cerro Tololo
Inter-American Observatory in Chile. As of 2023, the number of
confirmed moons orbiting Jupiter was 95, and scientists think
further exploration will reveal more.

According to the text, in which year was Adrastea discovered?

A)​ 1979
B)​ 1982
C)​ 2001
D)​1610
 8
Founded in 1991, the Museo de Las Americas showcases art
from Latin America, including the art of Indigenous peoples. It
is located in Denver and has more than 4,800 objects in its
collection. Since 2000, a number of other institutions devoted
to Latino cultures have opened in the United States. A notable
example is LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes in Los Angeles. It
opened in 2011 and focuses on Mexican American art and
culture.

Which contrast does the text draw between the Museo de

Las Americas and LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes?

​
A)LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes is visited by more people.
B) LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes has more objects in its collection.
C)LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes is housed in a larger building.
D) LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes opened more recently.
 9
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1900 novel by L. Frank Baum.
In the novel, the narrator describes a character’s house as
having become very faded in appearance over time: ______

Which quotation from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz most

effectively illustrates the claim?

A)​“Before [Dorothy and her companions] was a great stretch

of country having a floor as smooth and shining and white
as the bottom of a big platter. Scattered around were
many houses made entirely of china and painted in the
brightest colors.”
B)​“There were four walls, a floor and a roof, which made one
room; and this room contained a rusty looking cookstove,
a cupboard for the dishes, a table, three or four chairs, and
the beds.”
C)​“When Dorothy stood in the doorway and looked around,
she could see nothing but the great gray prairie on every
side. Not a tree nor a house broke the broad sweep of flat
country.”
D)​“Once the house had been painted, but the sun blistered
the paint and the rains washed it away, and now the
house was as dull and gray as everything else.”
 10
To help combat the growing rate of microplastic pollution, a team of
researchers developed a synthetic sponge that can soak up
microplastic particles from liquid. The sponge, composed mainly of
starch and gelatin, does this by trapping the tiny particles within its
pores. Guoqing Wang, one of the researchers, says that the formula
for the sponge can be adjusted to best suit the size of particle the
sponge is intended to trap, making it versatile in its potential
applications. Chemist Christian Adlhart, however, claims that this
sponge would be difficult to mass-produce.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support Adlhart’s claim?

A)​Textiles are one of the largest sources of microplastic pollution

in our oceans.
B)​The sponge created by Wang and his team has a relatively
light weight for its volume, making it potentially easy to ship
to different locations.
C)​The absorption capabilities of the sponge created by Wang
and his team varied depending on the liquid solution used in
the team’s experiments.
D)​The worldwide supply of starch and gelatin is in high demand
from the food industry, so those substances would be difficult
to source in significant quantities.
 11
Life Among the Paiutes is an 1882 autobiographical narrative by
Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, a Northern Paiute author, educator,
and activist. In the work, Winnemucca directly addresses the reader
to explain certain customs, writing ______.

Which quotation from Life Among the Paiutes most effectively

illustrates the claim?

A)​“We would all go in company to see if the flowers we were

named for were yet in bloom, for almost all the girls are named
for flowers.”
B)​“Nothing happened during the day, and after a while mother
told us not to say a word about why we left, for grandpa might
get mad with us.”
C)​“Now, my dear reader, there is no word so endearing as the
word father, and that is why [my people] call all good people
father or mother.”
D)​“But how can I describe the scene that followed? Some of you,
dear readers, can imagine.”
 12

Which choice best describes data from the graph that

weaken the student’s claim?

A)​ Although agricultural exports from Mexico decreased over the five
years before NAFTA, a reversal in this trend was observed over the
five years after Mexico joined NAFTA.
B)​ All the countries shown had positive growth in agricultural exports
over the five years after joining their respective FTAs, but their rates
of export growth varied.
C)​ Over the five years after Costa Rica joined CAFTA-DR, agricultural
exports from Costa Rica grew at a rate of about 13.5 percent, which
is higher than the rate over the five years before Costa Rica joined
the agreement.
D)​Although agricultural exports from Canada grew over the five years
after Canada joined NAFTA, their growth rate was even higher in the
five years before NAFTA.
 13

Michelle Pereira et al. hypothesized that introducing health

improvements into workplaces. would increase productivity by reducing
absenteeism (sick employees not working) and presenteeism (sick
workers working less productively due to illness). Pereira's team enrolled
groups of Australian workers in two programs: one that gave employees
exercise training (EET) and one that enrolled employees in health
promotion seminars (EHP). They then calculated the productivity loss of
those groups at 12 weeks and 12 months after the programs began (based
on the 28 days preceding each point). They concluded that exercise
training was more effective at restraining productivity loss than health
promotion seminars were, though this result took time to become
apparent.
​
Which choice best describes data from the table that most effectively
strengthen Pereira and colleagues' conclusion?

A)​ Productivity loss was largely due to absenteeism for the EHP group
at 12 months after the program began, while productivity loss was
largely due to presenteeism for the EET group at 12 months after
the program began.
B)​ Productivity loss for the EET group barely decreased between 12
weeks and 12 months after the program began, while productivity
loss for the EHP group significantly increased during the same time
period.
C)​ Productivity loss was fairly similar for the EET and EHP groups 12
weeks after each program began, but at 12 months afterward it had
significantly increased for the EHP group and significantly
decreased for the EET group.
D)​Productivity loss was consistently higher for the EHP group than for
the EET group over the twelve months that it was measured,
though the size of the difference between the two decreased over
that time.
 14
Born in Chile in 1917, artist and ethnomusicologist Violeta Parra
was a pioneer in the nueva canción chilena (Chilean New
Song) movement that emerged in the late 1950s and then
spread throughout Latin America, Portugal, and Spain as
nueva canción. Parra traveled all over Chile compiling extensive
records of authentic folk music as well as recipes, proverbs, and
other facets of cultural history. These records formed the
foundation for the early movement’s revival of traditional
Chilean folk forms in new songs that represented modern
realities of the working class and strongly advocated for social
change. As the movement spread beyond Chile, the breadth of
musical traditions incorporated into its foundation also
expanded.

Which detail about songs associated with nueva canción, if

true, would best illustrate the underlined claim?

A)​Many were written with parts meant to be played on the

quena, a traditional flute used across Andean countries,
including Chile.
B)​Many demonstrate the stylistic influence of corrido, a
genre of narrative songs from Mexico that had come to be
characterized by political themes in the early 1800s.
C)​Many feature political commentary addressing
contemporary issues that stemmed from shared
experiences of European colonization in Latin American
countries.
D)​Many were produced by Argentinian artists in the late
1950s, with others by artists in additional Latin American
countries first emerging soon after.
 15
Museo Castillo Serrallés, a history museum in Ponce, Puerto
Rico, is one of more than eighty museums in the US territory.
Puerto Rico’s museums _____ visitors about everything from
the territory’s history to its architecture to its coffee.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the

conventions of Standard English?

A)​inform
B)​informing
C)​to inform
D)​having informed
 16

An upcoming exhibition will showcase Vincent van Gogh’s

drawing Snowy Landscape with the Old Tower, which Van
Gogh _____ in the city of Nuenen nearly 150 years ago.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the

conventions of Standard English?

A)​is completing
B)​will complete
C)​completed
D)​has been completing
 17
Kizomba, a genre of dance that originated in Angola, has
become an international _____ _____ 2022, the Indian dance
duo known as Elvis and Namrata defeated performers from
around the world to win the annual Olympiads of Kizomba
competition held in Paris, France, becoming the first ever
Asian winners.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the

conventions of Standard English?

A)​phenomenon in
B)​phenomenon and in
C)​phenomenon. In
D)​phenomenon, in
 18
Round Rock Chapter, which covers 201.000 acres, is one of the
110 chapters of the Navajo ________ Dine bizaad (the Navajo
language), the chapter is called Tse Nikani.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the

conventions of Standard English?

A)​Nation and in
B)​Nation in
C)​Nation, in
D)​Nation. in
 19
The 2020 documentary Without a Whisper—Konnon:Kwe was
directed by Katsitsionni Fox. It explores how Indigenous
Haudenosaunee culture shaped the woman suffrage
movement in the early nineteenth _____ how the personal and
political authority Haudenosaunee women had in their
communities influenced the first suffragists in the US.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the

conventions of Standard English?

A)​century; revealing
B)​century, revealing
C)​century. Revealing
D)​century revealing
 20
For the past 20 million years, Earth’s magnetic poles in the far
north and far south have remained roughly where they are
today. This has not always been the _____ throughout geologic
history, Earth’s magnetic poles have swapped places several
times through a process called polar wandering.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the

conventions of Standard English?

A)​case, though,
B)​case, though;
C)​case, though
D)​case; though
 21
As part of a study, participants were asked to list animals they
thought of as “charismatic,” which was defined as “attractive,
fascinating, or appealing.” Researchers compiled the
responses into a single list and found that elephants were
ranked higher than crocodiles. _____ elephants were ranked
third, and crocodiles were ranked fifteenth.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition?

A)​Therefore,
B)​Specifically,
C)​On the other hand,
D)​Later,
 22
In 1920, the US Geological Survey determined the geographic
center of Montana using only a cardboard cutout of the state
and a piece of string. _____ this apparently crude technique
yielded a relatively close approximation: when the 1920 center
was compared to a center determined by a computer program
nearly a hundred years later, the two diverged by just a mile.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition?

A)​Still,
B)​Fittingly,
C)​Similarly,
D)​In other words
 23
In astrophysics, a ring of debris orbiting a larger object within
the object’s Roche limit is expected to persist as a ring,
whereas a ring of debris orbiting outside this limit would likely
accrete into a satellite (e.g., a moon). Bruno Morgado and
colleagues, _____ detected a dense ring of material orbiting the
trans-Neptunian object Quaoar at a distance of 2,500 miles,
well outside the calculated Roche limit of 1,100 miles, that has
remained intact.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition?

A)​fittingly,
B)​for example,
C)​likewise,
D)​though,
 24
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following
notes:

• Documentary TV programs in the slow TV genre consist of

uninterrupted broadcasts of ordinary events in real time.

• MORA: Zeichner is a German slow TV program.

• The 45-minute-long program documented an artist making a

pencil drawing during a train journey.

• It first aired in 2016.

• Slow TV has been called “the world’s most boring television.”

• American journalist Nathan Heller praises it, writing that “it

affords a visceral kind of armchair tourism.”

The student wants to use a quotation to refute the claim that

slow TV programs are boring. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this
goal?

A)​MORA: Zeichner can afford a “visceral kind of armchair

tourism,” as Heller puts it.
B)​While some have praised slow TV for affording “a visceral
kind of armchair tourism,” others have called it “the
world’s most boring television.”
C)​Far from boring, slow TV programs can provide a “visceral
kind of armchair tourism,” as Heller puts it, whereby
viewers can watch artists at work in real time.
D)​With broadcasts of ordinary events, like artists at work,
occurring in real time, slow TV just might be “the world’s
most boring television.”
 25
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following
nites:

• Dinosaur fossil specimens can be found at science museums

all over the world.

• Many dinosaur fossil specimens are given nicknames.

• The Denver Museum of Nature and Science in Denver,

Colorado, houses a dinosaur fossil specimen nicknamed Pops.

• Pops lived in the Late Cretaceous period, which ended more

than 65 million years ago.

• It is a member of the genus Triceratops.

The student wants to provide an example of a dinosaur fossil

specimen’s nickname. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A)​Nicknames are given to many dinosaur fossil specimens,

including one housed at a museum in Denver, Colorado.
B)​A Triceratops fossil specimen from the Late Cretaceous
period, which ended more than 65 million years ago, is
housed at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science.
C)​Dinosaur fossil specimens can be found at museums all
over the world, and many of these specimens are given
nicknames.
D)​Pops is the nickname of a Triceratops fossil specimen
housed at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science in
Denver, Colorado.
 26
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following
notes:

• A soundscape refers to the sounds heard in a specific place.

• The Japanese Ministry of the Environment made a list of 100

soundscapes of Japan.

• Each soundscape on the list was selected for its cultural

significance to Japan.

• The sound of black-tailed gulls at Hachinohe Port in Aomori

Prefecture is on the list.

• Aomori Prefecture is on northern Honshu Island, Japan.

The student wants to specify where a soundscape of cultural

significance to Japan can be heard. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A)​The sound of black-tailed gulls was included on a list of 100

soundscapes.
B)​The soundscape was selected by the Japanese Ministry of the
Environment for its cultural significance to Japan.
C)​The soundscape included the sounds heard in a specific place.
D)​The sound of black-tailed gulls at Hachinohe Port can be heard
in Aomori Prefecture on northern Honshu Island, Japan.
 27
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following
notes:

• Most of the plant and bird species in Oahu, Hawaii, are non-native.

• In a 2019 study, researchers wanted to know what role non-native

birds play in dispersing plant seeds in Oahu.

• Researchers catalogued plant seeds found in fecal samples from

non-native birds.

• Ilex anomala, a flowering shrub, was one of thirteen native species

catalogued.

• Trema orientalis, a tree, was one of twenty-nine non-native species

catalogued.

• Researchers concluded that non-native birds play a vital role in

dispersing the seeds of native and non-native plants.

The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two

plants. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A)​Most plant species found in Oahu, Hawaii, like Trema

orientalis, are non-native.
B)​A 2019 study catalogued plant seeds found in bird fecal
samples in Oahu, Hawaii, to determine what role non-native
birds play in seed dispersal.
C)​Though Ilex anomala and Trema orientalis can both be found
in Oahu, Hawaii, only the former plant is native.
D)​Seeds from Ilex anomala and Trema orientalis plants were
found in the fecal samples of non-native Hawaiian birds,
according to a 2019 study.