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Speed Control of Induction Motor

Induction motors require speed control for various industrial applications, which can be achieved by adjusting supply frequency, number of poles, or slip. Key methods include voltage control, frequency control (V/f), pole changing, rotor resistance control, and slip power recovery, each with its advantages and limitations. V/f control is the most popular due to its efficiency and flexibility, while the choice of method depends on motor type, load characteristics, and cost.

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48 views2 pages

Speed Control of Induction Motor

Induction motors require speed control for various industrial applications, which can be achieved by adjusting supply frequency, number of poles, or slip. Key methods include voltage control, frequency control (V/f), pole changing, rotor resistance control, and slip power recovery, each with its advantages and limitations. V/f control is the most popular due to its efficiency and flexibility, while the choice of method depends on motor type, load characteristics, and cost.

Uploaded by

mrtony7007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Speed Control of Induction Motor

Introduction

Induction motors are widely used in industries due to their rugged construction and low maintenance.

However, many applications require speed control. The speed N of an induction motor is given by:

N = Ns(1 - s) = (120f / P)(1 - s)

Where:

- Ns = synchronous speed

- f = supply frequency

- P = number of poles

- s = slip

Hence, the speed can be controlled by changing supply frequency (f), number of poles (P), or slip (s).

1. Stator Side Speed Control Methods

a) Voltage Control:

- Voltage applied to stator is varied.

- Reducing voltage reduces torque, leading to a decrease in speed.

- Suitable for small loads like fans.

- Disadvantage: High power losses, not suitable for heavy-duty applications.

b) Frequency Control (V/f Control):

- Both voltage and frequency are varied, maintaining a constant V/f ratio.

- Ensures magnetic flux remains constant, avoiding core saturation.

- Provides smooth and efficient speed control.

- Implemented using Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs).

- Applications: Pumps, conveyors, HVAC systems.

c) Pole Changing Method:

- Based on formula Ns = 120f / P.


Speed Control of Induction Motor

- By changing stator winding connections (e.g., from 4-pole to 2-pole), speed is changed.

- Common in squirrel cage motors.

- Provides discrete speed control (e.g., two-speed or four-speed motors).

2. Rotor Side Speed Control Methods (For Slip Ring Motors)

a) Rotor Resistance Control:

- External resistors are connected in the rotor circuit via slip rings.

- Increasing resistance increases slip, reducing speed.

- Simple and cheap method.

- Disadvantages: Inefficient due to power loss as heat, used only in short-duty cycles (e.g., hoists, cranes).

b) Slip Power Recovery Method:

- Slip power from the rotor is recovered using power electronics (converter/inverter system).

- This recovered power is either fed back to the supply or used to power another motor.

- Efficient method used in large slip ring motors with constant load torque.

3. Cascade Control

- Two motors (induction and DC/AC) are coupled mechanically.

- Rotor output of the first motor is fed to the second.

- Speed of the main motor is controlled by the secondary motor.

- Rarely used now due to high cost and complexity.

Conclusion

Speed control is essential for efficient and precise operation in many applications.

Among all methods, V/f control is the most popular due to its efficiency, flexibility, and suitability for a wide

range of industrial uses.

The choice of method depends on the motor type, load characteristics, and cost considerations.

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