DESIGN OF RC PAD WITH SINGLE COLUMN FOOTING
Internal column
Column size = 400 mm 400 mm 0.4 m
Column spacing = 6m 6m on plan
The unfactored column loads are given in the following table
DEAD IMPOSED WIND
Vertical Load N(KN) 610 480 0
Horizontal Shear H x(KN) 0 0 42
Horizontal Shear H y(KN) 38
Moment Mx(KNm) 95
Moment My(KNm) 105
suitable bearing stratum at 1000 mm below ground level.Medium dense silty sand
PROCEDURE
STEP 1: select type and depth of foundation
Type: Reinforced concrete pad with single RC column
Depth: 1000 mm below finished ground level
1150 mm below finished floor level
Depth selected from considerations of:
* Frost action
* Swelling of soil
* Suitable bearing stratum
STEP 2 : Select approximate size
presumed allowable bearing capacity from BS 8004: 1986 150 KN/m2
Maximum Vertical Load V = 1090 KN
Maximum eccentricity ex = 0.1 m
6ex = 0.6 m <A(length of footing)
V/150 = 7.3 m2
Assume a 3m x 3m foundation pad with area of 9 m 2: A = 3m
Area of footing = 9 m2
hale the foundation = 4.5 m2
Determination of Minimum Thickness of pad
Assume grade of concrete = C30 30 N/mm2
Vmax = 0.8(fcu)0.5 or 5 N/mm= 4.38 N/mm2
U0 = 2(Cx + Cy) = 1600 mm
Total Factored Load from column
Nu = 1.4 DL + 1.6 IL = 1622 KN 1622000 N
d > Nu/vmax U0 (OR) 1/2[(C= 430.71 mm
C1 = U0/6 = 266.67 mm
C2 = Nu/12vc = 300370.37 mm2
assume Vc = 0.45 N/mm2
assume Vc=0.45 N/mm 2
which corresponds to about 0.3% tension reinforcement
for fcu=30 N/mm 2.
choose overall depth of pad equal to 500 mm allowing for adequate cover
overall depth = 500 mm 0.5 m
Effective depth = 450 mm 0.45 m
STEP 3: Calculate bearing capacity of soil
allowable bearing capacity = 190 KN/m2
STEP 4: calculate column load combinations
Bearing pressure calculations
LC1 = 1.0 DL+1.0 IL
LC3 = 1.0 DL+1.0 IL+1.0 WL
LC1:combined vertical column load,N = 1090 KN
Hx=0;Hy=0;Mx=0;My=0
LC3: N (vertical load) = 1090 KN
by inspection,wind in one direction only may be checked for a square foundation
Bending Moment and shear calculations
LC5: 1.4 DL+1.6 IL
LC6: 1.2 DL+1.2 IL+1.2WL
LC7: 1.4 DL+1.4 WL
LC5: Nu = 1622 KN
Hxu=0;Hyu=0;Mxu=0;My=0
LC 6: Nu = 1308 KN
Hxu = 50.4 KN
Hyu = 0
Mxu = 0
My = 126 KNm
LC7: Nu = 854 KN
Hxu = 58.8 KN
Hyu = 0
My = 147 KNm
STEP 5:Calculate approximate settlement
This step may be ignore since the foundations are not connected by groung beams and the differential settlements will h
little effect on the design of this foundation
STEP 6: carry out analysis for bearing pressure
weight of soil = 18 KN/m3
weight of concrete = 24 KN/m3
weight of foundation = 108 KN
Thickness of ground slab = 150 mm 0.15 m
weight of back fill +ground slab = 113.4 KN
surcharge on ground slab = 5 KN/m2
weight of surcharge on half foundation = 22.5 KN
Eccentricity of surcharge= 0.75 m
weight of surcharge on full foundation = 45 KN
LC1:p(Total vertical Load) = 1356.4 KN
Hx=0;Hy=0;Mx=0;My=0
LC 3 : P = 1333.9 KN
Hx = 42 KN
My = 105 KNm
Hy = 0
Mxx = 0
Myy = 140.8 KNm
STEP 7:calculate bearing pressure under foundation
LC1:p = 150.7 KN/m2 < 190 KN/m2
LC2: ex = Myy/P , A/6 = 0.11 m < 0.5 m
p1 = P/AB +6Myy/A2B < 1.25
= x 190(bearing capacity)
179.5 KN/m2 < 237.5 KN/m2
Note: 25% over stress on allowable bearing capacity may be allowed for combinations including wind
bearing pressures within allowable limits
STEP:8 calculate sliding resistance of foundation
Ignore passive resistance because horizontal movement of the foundation should be avoided
b = 17 from table
P = 831.4 KN For Dead Load only
Ps = P tang = 254 KN > 63 KN
PH = qA tan pi +cA = 426 KN > 254
STEP 9: check combined sliding and bearing
P = 1356.4 KN
Pv = 1710 KN
Hx = 42 KN
PHx = 426 KN
P/Pv + Hx/PHx = 0.89 < 1
STEP 10: carry out analysis of bearing pressure for bending moment and shear
LC5: Nu = 1622 KN
Pu = Nu +1.4(foundation +back
= fill) +1.6(surcharge on KN
2004 back fill)
Hxu = 0
Hyu = 0
Mxxu = 0
Myyu = 0
LC 6:Pu = Nu +1.2(foundation
= +back fill+surcharge)
1601 KN
Mxxu = 0
Myyu = My+Hxuh+M*yu = 168.93 KNm
LC 7: Pu = Nu +1.4(foundation
= +back fill) 1164 KN
Mxxu = 0
Myyu = My+Hxuh = 173.5 KNm
STEP 11: calculate bearing pressure for bending moment and shear
LC5: p = Pu/AB = 222.7 KN/m2
LC6 : p1 = Pu/AB + 6 Myyu/A
= 215.4 KN/m2
p2 = Pu/AB - 6 Myyu/A2B = 140.3 KN/m2
LC 7: p1 = Pu/AB + 6 Myyu= 167.9 KN/m2
p2 = Pu/AB - 6 Myyu/A2B = 90.8 KN/m2
STEP 12: calculate bending moments and shears in pad
LC 5: downward load on pad = pd
pd = self weight of pad +back fill+ surcharge 42.4 KN/m2
upward load on pad = pu 222.7 KN/m2
pu = pressure of ground on pad
pd = 42.4 KN/m2
pu = 222.7 KN/m2
Cantilever overhang at section 1-1 l 1300 mm 1.3 m
bending moment at section 1-1: M1=(p
= 457.1 KNm
Shear at section 1; V1= (pu = 703.2 KN
assume d = 425 mm 0.43 m
Shear at section 2: V2 = (p= 473.3 KN
Shear at section 3: V3 =(p = 243.4 KN
LC6: pressure at section 1-1 = 182.9 KN/m2
Pu/AB = 177.9 KN/m2
6Myyu/A2B = 37.5 KN/m2
pd = 35.5 KN/m2
Bending Moment,M1 = 428.6 KNm
The shears at sections 1,1 and 3 need not be checked.By inspection they will be less critical than LC5
LC7 need not be checked .By inspection it will not be critical
STEP 13: Determine cover to reinforcement
from SI report,total SO3 0.50%
class of exposure = 3
75 mm blinding concrete will be used
Minimum cover on blinding concrete= 50 mm
Assume 16mm diameter HT type 2 deformed bars
effective depth of top layer
(symmetrical reinforcement in both directions)
d = 426 mm
dia of bars = 16 mm
STEP 14: calculate area of tensile reinforcement
Maximum bending moment on section 1-1 = 457.1 KNm
Grade of concrete (f cu) = 30 N/mm2
Grade of steel (f y) = 460 N/mm2
K = M/fcubd2 = 0.03
z = d[0.5+sqrt(0.25-K/0.9)]
= 405 mm
Ast = M/0.87fyd = 2820 mm2
use 15 no.s 16 dia type HT bars in each direction
distribution of tension reinforcement
Cx = 400 mm
Cy = 400 mm
Assuming dia of bars = 16 mm
dx =(overall depth - cover =-0.5 x dia of bar) 442 mm
dy=(overall depth - cove - dia
= of bar - 0.5 x dia of
426bar)
mm
1.5(Cy+3dy) = 2517 mm < ly = 3000
1.5(Cx+ 3 dx) = 2589 mm < lx = 3000
2/3 Ast = 1880 mm2
reinforcement over central
= Cy+3 dy 1678 mm 1.68 m
and Cx+ 3dx = 1726 mm 1.73 m
reinforcement = 1120 mm2/m
use 11 no.16mm dia.bars at 175 mm centers (1149 mm 2/m) over the central zone in each direction.
Use 2 no.16mm dia bars on each side outside the central zone
Total number of 16mm dia bars on each side outside the central zone
Total number of 16 mm bars used = 15(3105 mm2)
all bars are HT type 2
STEP 15:check shear stress
see step 12 -LC5
check v1 = V1/bd < 0.8(fcu)0.5
= 0.55 N/mm2 < 4.38 N/mm2 or
check v2 = V2/bd < 2 vc = 0.37 N/mm2 < 0.9 N/mm2
Ast = 15 n0.16 dia bars = 3015 mm2
Use larger d(442mm) for calculation of p
p = 0.23%
from fig 11.3 for f cu = 30 N/mm2
vc = 0.42 N/mm2
no more shear checks are necessary
STEP 16:Check punching shear
dx = 442 mm
dy = 426 mm
d = 0.5 (dx + dy) = 434 mm
U0 = 2(Cx + Cy) = 1600 mm
U1= (U0+12d) = 6808 mm
v0 = Nu/U0d <(fcu)0.5 = 2.34 N/mm2 < 4.38 N/mm2 <
Nu = 1622 KN
p1 = pu-pd = 180.3 KN/m2
A1 = (Cx +3.0 dx)(Cy+3.0 dy= 2.9 m2
v1=Nu-p1A1/U1d = 0.37 N/mm2
vc = 0.42 N/mm2
STEP 17: check minimum reinforcement for flexure
Minimum tensile reinforcement = 1950 mm2 < 3015 mm2
no top tension in pad foundation
STEP 18:Check spacing of reinforcement
percentage reinforcement,p = 0.23%
Maximum spacing = 750 mm not exceeded
STEP 19:Check early thermal cracking
R = 0.15 say
T1 = 28
alpha = 12 x 10-6/C
er = 4.032 x 10-5
x = 250 mm assumed
acr = 148 mm
Wmax = 0.01 mm < 0.3 mm
STEP 20:check minimum reinforcement to distributr thermal cracking
Top reinforcement = 2625 mm2 over 3000 mm
Bottom reinforcement = 1050 mm2
STEP 21: check crack width due to flexure
servicebility limit state
Loading condition LC1
pu = 150.7 KN/m2
pd = 29.6 KN/m2
M = 307 KN m
x = 99 mm
z = 393 mm
fs = 259 N/mm2
Es = 1.295 *10-3
Eh = 1.588*10-3
emh = 0.773*10-3
acr = 66 mm
Wmax = 0.24 mm < 0.3 mm
STEP 22: design mass concrete foundation
not required
STEP 23: calculate settlement
Load combination LC13:
LC13 = 1.0 DL+0.5IL vertical loads only
P = 1093.9 KN
grass foundation pressure= 121.5 KN/m2
weight of soil removed = 162 KN
qn = 103.5 KN/m2
STEP 24: design connection of pad to column
Foundation design over
COLUMN FOOTING
0.4 m
B= 3m
fferential settlements will have
mm
mm
5 N/mm2
5 N/mm2
provided
