the eaves in the stone-paved yard became the dominant culture.

The
Lesson Significance of Arts that surrounds the house. It carving of anito, images of the native
signifies an individual or family’s religion, was replaced by the carving
1 Forms from the
wealth and prestige. Only rich of Santos and images of Christ.
Regions
people can have this chair with
SCULPTURE AND PAINTING TECHNIQUES : During this period,
the rituals celebrated after the indigenous materials were still used in
chair has been made. sculpture but ivory and marble were
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD - Filipinos are
introduced.
very creative before Spanish came in SARIMANOK - Sarimanok is also
the Philippines. It is very evident that known as papanok. It is a legendary THE HIGANTES OF ANGONO,
ancient Filipinos were good in arts. bird of the Maranao people from RIZAL - Higantes are giant paper
When Spaniards arrived in the Mindanao. Usually, sarimanok is maché images measuring four to five
Philippines in 1521, the colonizers made of copper or wood. feet in diameter and ten to twelve
used painting and sculpture as tools According to a folk belief of the feet in height. It was said that it was
to propagate the Catholic faith
Maranao people which was derived started during the Spanish colonial
through beautiful images.
from Islamic traditions, the sarimanok times. It was borrowed to Kampong of
The ancient Filipinos had attained a
was said to be a giant rooster which Binangonan that was once a hacienda
high artistic level of sculpture through and ruled by Spanish hacienderos.
prophet Muhammad encountered in
pottery, jewelry and wood carving.
heaven.
THE SCULPTURES OF PAETE,
TECHNIQUES : Ancient Filipinos LAGUNA - The name “Paete” is
OKIR - Okir or okil is the term for
used stone, wood, gold and clay derived from the Tagalog word paet,
geometric and flowing plant based which means chisel. Paete
as materials in sculpture. Most
and folk motifs that can be usually woodcarving has been a thriving
subjects in this era were all about
found among the Moro and Lumad industry since the Spanish era until
idols, nature, status and way of
people of the Southern now. Paetenians continue their
life.
Philippines. Okir is a design or centuries old tradition of carving.
pattern often rendered or curved Many descendants of these artisans
BUL-ULS - Bul-uls are carved have found a niche in the culinary
in hardwood, brass, silver and wall
statues or anitos figures of the world. Ice sculptures and vegetable
painting in curvilinear lines and
Ifugaos. It is used in ceremonies and fruit carvings done be
Arabic geometric figures Paetenians.
associated with rice production
and with healing. The bul-uls has
SPANISH PERIOD UP TO THE THE TAKA OF PAETE - Taka refers
a simplified form, and it is PRESENT - The Spanish colonization
traditionally carved from narra or to paper maché made using carved
of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 wooden sculpture used as a mold.
ipil woods or sometimes stone. brought about profound changes in The craft originated in the town of
the life and arts of the Filipinos. Paete, Laguna. A takaan is a
HAGABI - The Hagabi of the Although some indigenous arts form carved wooden sculpture used as a
Ifugaos is a long wooden bench survived, new forms, techniques and mold in making taka.
made of Narra or Ipil placed under materials from Europe gradually
 town of San Miguel but the entire which covers most of their bodies.
GIANT LANTERN OF PAMPANGA - province of Bulacan. They apply the tattoos by pricking the
The parol of star lantern is perhaps THE PUNI OR PALM LEAF OF skin with sharp pieces of iron and then
the paramount of Filipino Christmas BULACAN – applying black powder to the open
symbol. The Christmas lantern or Puni is a tagalog term from the wounds which is absorbed into the
Parul Sampernandun in Kapampangan province of Bulacan which means to skin permanently.
can never be distanced from the town beautify or decorate with the use of APO WHANG-UD – 106 YEARS OLD
created it, the City of San coconut leaf. It also refers to the art “…” - MAMBABATOK
Fernando. of coconut leaf. Coconut leaves are
fashioned by folding, plaiting, SPANISH 16th CENTURY – RELIGIOUS
braiding and simple weaving, which PAINTINGS
SANICULAS COOKIE MOLD
CARVINGS OF PAMPANGA – may have functional as well as Artistic paintings were introduced to
This saint is known as “the healer” aesthetic. Puni can be used as toys, the Philippines in the 16th century
and is the go-to saint for those who bags, baskets, and palaspas. when Spanish came to the country.
need “healing” from illnesses. The During this period, the Spanish used
molds are an exceptional piece of folk paintings as religious propaganda to
art and a rarity. -San Nicolas De spread Christianity throughout the
Tolentino Philippines. As a result, religious
paintings and the creation of icons
were strongly encouraged.
SINGKABAN OR BAMBOO ART-
Singkaban is a Filipino word for
19th CENTURY – LANDSCAPES
decorated bamboo arch used as a
welcome signage of a town, city, or In the early 19th century, rich,
educated Filipinos introduced more
village in the country. It is widely used PAINTING secular Filipino art causing art in the
as decoration during town fiestas in
Bulacan. It is the art of shaving Philippines to deviate from religious
PRE-SPANISH - The ancient Filipinos motifs. The use of watercolor
bamboo into artful creations.
had expressed paintings through cave paintings increased and the subject
Singkaban festival is an annual
carvings and tattoos. matter of paintings began to include
provincial event of Bulacan.
landscapes.
PETROGLYPHS - These are carved
PABALAT OR BORAS DE PATILLAS
found in Angono, Rizal. It consists of WORLD WAR II - According to Art of
OF BULACAN- The pabalat or borlas
de pastillas in bulacan are wrapped 127 human and animal figures the Philippines (2016), World War II
with decorative wrappers. Through engraved on the rock wall probably era, some painters focused their
the years, the “pabalat” making in carved during the late new stone age. artwork on the effects of war,
Bulacan has transformed from a local, including war scenes, destruction, and
folk tradition into a popular art. TATTOOS - The Pintados (from the suffering of Filipino people
Besides adding flair to the sweet Spanish word Pintado meaning
pastillas de leche made from fresh painted) inhabitants of the Visayan CONTEMPORARY PERIOD - Paintings
carabao milk, the pabalat has also islands as described by the first that are produced at the present
become a compelling symbol of the Spaniards to set eyes upon them. The
period of time is called contemporary
people ‘s creativity, not only of the men are known for their tattoo art,
art. It is considered contemporary
because the styles and ways of IKAT OF IFUGAO - A resist-dyeing the deceased. Other pottery that used
making art veered from that technique that is applied to the cotton to hold the remains of the deceased
traditional art. Artists started yarns prior to weaving the fabric. The were decorated with anthropomorphic
experimenting on different techniques yarn is wrapped in bundles and dyed, designs. During the new stone age or
and different ways of expressing their then areas that are tied together Neolithic period of the country,
leave colorless patches along the pottery was made for water vessels,
emotions, views, ideas, and other
strands. A mix of indigenous plants is plates, cups, and for many other uses.
things that they wanted to express.
used as natural dyes and boiled until The first step in manufacture pots is
the desired color of black or grey is the acquisition of the starting
achieved. material, clay. The clay is then
pounded, added with enough amount
T’NALAK OF T’BOLI - T’nalak, is a of water, to reach the wanted
weaving tradition people of South flexibility, and placed in a rotating
Cotobato. T’nalak cloth are woven plate.
from abaca fibers. The traditional
female weavers are known as dream NEOLITHIC PERIOD
weavers, because the pattern of the MANUNGGUL JAR - This was used for
T’nalak cloth are inspired by their burial, topped with two figures. It is a
WEAVING dreams national treasure of the Philippines.
The jar was found in the chamber of
PRE-SPANISH - Philippine weaving TABIH OF BLAAN - Mabal is the Blaan the Tabon cave, the other jar found in
involves many threads being term for abaca weaving process. Tabih the caves of Palawan.
measured, cut, and mounted on a is the term for the finished hand
wooden platform. The threads are woven cloth and it also refers to the KALINGA POTTERY - The Kalinga
dyed and weaved on a loom. Before traditional Blaan tubular skirt. Natural pottery is divided into three
dyes from endemic plant species in types:
Spanish colonization, native Filipinos
the community are the source of 1. Ittoyom: used for rice cooking.
weaved using fibers from abaca,
2. Oppaya: used in cooking
cotton, and bark cloth. Textiles, colors for different designs of this
vegetable and meat.
clothes, rugs, and hats were weaved. indigenous textile
3. Immosso: used as water storage.
PINILIAN BLANKET OF ILOCOS - A
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD - As
type of binakul weave that means
technology advances, it seems as if
“chosen” and uses a complicated
crafts such as pottery would become
brocade weave where sticks are
POTTERY one of the first endangered arts.
inserted on chosen warp threads.
Philippine pottery has evolved from
These create designs that “float” on
PRE-SPANISH - According to Art of ritual and community wares to highly
the threads, giving the weave a three
the Philippines (2016), native Filipinos sophisticated and elegant artistic
dimension quality.
created pottery since 3500 years ago. pieces with a variety of shape,
They used these ceramic jars to hold designs, and uses of glazes.
 followed the nipa hut's arrangements all kinds of creativity. Modern
such as open ventilation and elevated materials include iron, structural
apartments. The most obvious steel, and reinforced concrete are
difference between the two houses being used nowadays.
would be the materials that was used
to build them.

BAHAY NA BATO - The Bahay-na-

ARCHITECTURE bato was constructed out of brick and
stone rather than the traditional
PRE-SPANISH - According to Santos bamboo, timbre and other wooden MUSIC
(2016), The basic form of architecture materials that elevates the house. It
in the country before Spanish came is a mixture of native Filipino, Spanish PRE-SPANISH - Filipinos are said
and Chinese influences. to be musical peoples. In most cases,
was governed by the building’s
functional uses as shelter and by the singing is accompanied by dancing.
AMERICAN PERIOD - With the arrival They used bamboo canes, palm leaves
materials available. Early Filipinos had
of the Americans in 1898, came a new and bark of trees to write their songs
no formal training in the basic forms of
breed of architectural structures in the and a piece of sharp stick or iron for
design and yet were able to create
Philippines. Designed in the most their pen. Even their instruments were
something valid and functional. A style
respectable manner, these made of bamboo and wood which
which exists to this day.
government houses resembled Greek indicated their primitiveness. Religious
or Roman architecture. and social life were the common
BAHAY KUBO OR NIPA HUT - Nipa
The style of architecture, as functions of the ancient music. Music
huts were the native houses of the
suggested, varies little from existing in the pre-colonial times was used to
indigenous people of the Philippines
architecture at the time as typified by
before the Spaniards arrived. They connect people, to bring people
the Manila
were designed to endure the climate together.
Hotel. New structures continued the
and environment of the Philippines.
use of conventional motifs but were
These structures were temporary,
made of more durable materials such KULINTANG music of the Maranaos,
made from plant materials like
as concrete.
bamboo. The accessibility of the for example, is used in special
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURAL
materials made it easier to rebuild ceremonies such as weddings, feasts
DESIGN - According to
nipa huts DAMwhen damaged from a and enthroning rites.
worldatlas.com, contemporary
storm or earthquake. They are still GANDINGAN is used to warn others
architecture is a form of construction
used today, especially in rural areas. of nearing danger, to relay messages
that embodies the various styles of
building designs stemming from a of love and to act as markers for
SPANISH - In this period, the nipa wide range of influences. when couples wish to elope.
hut or bahay kubo gave way to the Contemporary architecture cuts away KALALENG and the DIWDIW -as,
Bahay-na-bato (stone house) and from the modern architecture of the both wind instruments made of
became the typical house of noble late twentieth century by including bamboo reed, of the Tinguians were
Filipinos. The Spanish design house, eco-friendly features and embracing
also used as instruments for for artists and vice versa. Though and elements from twentieth century
courtship. contributing to the evolution of art music in the West, as well as the
KUTIBENG and the KUDYAPI of the American music, large number of latest trends and musical styles in the
Ilocanos, both stringed instruments, Filipino Americans have a strong entertainment industry. The modern
are also used in feasts and in spirit identity with culture of the Philippines Filipino repertoire consists of pieces
and nature worship. Other musical by participating or organizing that have been written in twentieth
instruments were also used to traditional dances and musical century idioms that have evolved out
performances. American lifestyle and of such stylistic movements as
accompany burial chants, recount
pop culture gave rise to music impressionism, expressionism, neo-
heroic feats, teach and reinforce
created by Filipinos using western pop classism, as well as the socalled
floating or oral history, and even cure forms. Referred to as Pinoy pop, it avant-garde and New Music.
illnesses. includes a wide range of forms: folk
SPANISH – Spain ruled the songs, dance tunes, ballads, 1.In the early 1970s, rock music
Philippines for 333 years, and Hispanic Broadway type songs, rock’ n’ roll, began to be written using local
influence in Filipino culture is disco, jazz, and rap languages, with bands like the Juan
ubiquitous. This influence can be Dela Cruz Band being among the
easily seen in folk and traditional RONDALLA - Due to the previous first popular bands to do so.
music, especially in the Tagalog and Spanish colonization of the
Visayan regions, where Spanish Philippines, Filipinos have a version of 2 Mixing Tagalog and English lyrics
influence was greatest were also popularly used within the
the originally Spanish rondalla, which
was popular among the manongs in same song, in songs like "Ang Miss
RONDALLA - traditional string Universe Ng Buhay Ko” by the
orchestra comprising of two-string, the United States migrant labor
band Hotdog which helped innovate
mandolin-type instruments such as camps. These folk ballads were usually
the Manila Sound.
the banduria and laud; a guitar; a sung by the manongs in camps and
double bass; and often a drum for were often with conjunction of guitar
3.The mixing of the two languages
percussion. The rondalla has its or banjo. The rondalla is still heavily (known as "Taglish"), while common
origins in the Iberian rondalla practiced and popular form of in casual speech in the Philippines,
tradition, and is used to accompany traditional musicensemble for Filipino was seen as a bold move, but the
several Hispanic-influenced song Americans to participate in on college success of Taglish in popular songs,
forms and dances. campuses and dance groups. including Sharon Cuneta's first hit,
2. Sarswela is a tradition produced by "Mr. DJ", broke the barrier
HARANA AND KUNDIMAN - forevermore.
a large body of music consisting of
popular lyrical songs dating back to
the Spanish period, and are songs patterned after opera arias of
customarily used in courtship rituals. the day as well as short instrumental
The Harana is rooted in the Mexican overtures and interludes.
Spanish tradition and based on the
rhythmic patterns of the habanera. CONTEMPORARY MUSIC- According
to Santos (2016), contemporary music
AMERICAN – American music has in the Philippines usually refers to
also been influential in the Philippines compositions that have adopted ideas
 who step over and in between the dance. It is a combination of Spanish
poles in a dance. and Ilocano dance steps set to Spanish
music and castanets. According to
SAYAW SA BANGKO FROM Ramon Obusan, this dance was
PANGASINAN - This dance originates danced to accompany a bereaved
from Pangasinan. The dancers family to the burial of a loved one.
perform on top of a narrow bench
that is normally six inches wide,
KAPPA MALONG-MALONG FROM
inching and hopping from one
MINDANAO - It is a Muslim–
another. Include some impressive
acrobatics. influenced danced. The malong is a
tubular garment, and the dance
BINASUAN FROM PANGASINAN essentially shows the many ways it
Danvers carefully balance three half- can be worn.
filled glasses of rice wine on their
DANCE heads and hands as they gracefully PANTOMINA FROM BICOL - It is a
spin and roll on the ground. traditional dance in Bicol. It is a love
PRE-SPANISH TO PRESENT – dance with its movements mimicking
Filipino danced to appease the Gods, MAGLALATIK FROM BIŇAN or patronizing the mating or love
to curry favor from powerful spirits, to LAGUNA - It is also known as making of doves. It is also known as a
celebrate a hunt or harvest, to mimic “Magbabao”. It is a mock war dance courtship dance and wedding dance.
the exotic life forms around them. that depicts a fight over coconut meat, This dance is a significant dance in
a highly prized food. The dancers are Kasanggayahan Festival held in
ITIK-ITIK FROM SURIGAO - It is a all male. This is danced in the religious October.
mimetic folk dance in the Philippines. procession during fiesta of Binan as an
It originated in the province of offering to San Isidro Labrador. HABANERA BOTOLENA FROM
Surigao in Mindanao. Itik-itik from the ZAMBALES - This folk dance was
English word “duck”. The dance steps PANDANGGO SA ILAW FROM originated from Cuba. It is also
imitate the movements of a duck. MINDORO - This dance is similar to a known as Danza or Danza Habanera.
Spanish Fandango. The phrase “ilaw” It is a social dance in duple time and
TINIKLING FROM LEYTE AND THE is a Tagalog word for “light” and it it is usually performed in a ballroom
VISAYAS REGIONS - It is a Philippine refers to the three oil lamps that the or on a stage. It combines Filipino
traditional dance. This dance imitates dancer has to balance- one on the and Spanish steps, and is a popular
the movement of the “tikling” bird as head and one on the back of each dance at weddings and include
it walks around through tall grasses hand. This dance is typically procession of the bride and groom’s
and between tree branches. This performed by fishermen to celebrate parents
a good catch.
dance involves two bamboo poles on
SINGKIL FROM MARANAO - This
the ground and against each other in LA JOTA MONCADEŇA FROM dance originated from Maranao. It is
coordination with one or more dancers traditionally performed by single
ILOCOS - This dance is adapted by
the Filipinos from an old Spanish women to attract the attention of
potential suitors. Dancers perform a
series of graceful movements as
they step in and out from between
bamboo poles which are
rhythmically clapped together. Fans
and scarves are often used to
enhance the dancers’ movements.

CARIŇOSA FROM PANAY - This

dance originated in Panay Island. It
is a Philippine folk dance of Hispanic
origin. The word cariñosa means the
affectionate one. This is a courtship
dance that portrays acts of flirtation
between man and woman.
Originally, this dance was danced
with Maria Clara dress and Barong
Tagalog. Since it is a national dance,
the dancers may wear any Filipino
costumes.