Data types and Structure Worksheet

1 (a) The following table contains pseudocode examples.

Each example may include all or part of:

• selection
• iteration (repetition)
• assignment.

Complete the table by placing one or more ticks (✓) in each row.

Pseudocode example Selection Iteration Assignment

FOR Index 1 TO 3
Safe[Index] GetResult()
NEXT Index
OTHERWISE : OUTPUT "ERROR 1202"

REPEAT UNTIL Index = 27

INPUT MyName
IF Mark > 74 THEN
Grade 'A'
ENDIF
[5]

(b) (i) Program variables have values as follows:

Variable Value

AAA TRUE

BBB FALSE

Count 99

Complete the table by evaluating each expression.

Expression Evaluation

AAA AND (Count > 99)

AAA AND (NOT BBB)

(Count <= 99) AND (AAA OR BBB)

(BBB AND Count > 50) OR NOT AAA

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(ii) Give an example of when a variable of type Boolean would be used.

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2 A program will store attendance data about each employee of a company.

The data will be held in a record structure of type Employee. The fields that will be needed are as
shown:

Field Typical value Comment

EmployeeNumber 123 A numeric value starting from 1

Name "Smith,Eric" Format: <last name>','<first name>

Department "1B" May contain letters and numbers

Born 13/02/2006 Must not be before 04/02/1957

Attendance 97.40 Represents a percentage

(a) (i) Write pseudocode to declare the record structure for type Employee.

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(ii) A 1D array Staff containing 500 elements will be used to store the employee records.

Write pseudocode to declare the Staff array.

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(b) There may be more records in the array than there are employees in the company. In this
case, some records of the array will be unused.

(i) State why it is good practice to have a standard way to indicate unused array elements.

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(ii) Give one way of indicating an unused record in the Staff array.

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(c) A procedure Absentees() will output the EmployeeNumber and the Name of all employees
who have an Attendance value of 90.00 or less.

Write pseudocode for the procedure Absentees().

Assume that the Staff array is global.

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3 (a) The following table contains statements written in pseudocode.

Show what type of programming construct each statement represents.

Put a tick (3) in the appropriate column for each statement.

Repetition
Statement Selection Assignment
(Iteration)
WHILE Count < 20
Count Count + 1
IF MyGrade <> 'C' THEN
Mark[Count] GetMark(StudentID)
ELSE OUTPUT "Fail"
ENDFOR
[6]

(b) (i) The following table contains statements written in pseudocode.

Give the most appropriate data type for the variable used in each statement.

Statement Data type

MyAverage 13.5
ProjectCompleted TRUE
Subject "Home Economics"
MyMark 270
MyGrade 'B'
[5]
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4 The following pseudocode is part of a program that stores names and test marks for use in
other parts of the program.

DECLARE Name1, Name2, Name3 : STRING

DECLARE Mark1, Mark2, Mark3 : INTEGER
INPUT Name1
INPUT Mark1
INPUT Name2
INPUT Mark2
INPUT Name3
INPUT Mark3

(i) The pseudocode needs to be changed to allow for data to be stored for up to 30 students.

Explain why it would be good practice to use arrays to store the data.

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(ii) The following pseudocode statement includes array references:

OUTPUT "Student ", Name[Count], " scored ", Mark[Count]

State the purpose of the variable Count and give its data type.

Purpose .............................................................................................................................

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5 A 1D array Data of type integer contains 200 elements. Each element has a unique value.

An algorithm is required to search for the largest value and output it.

Describe the steps that the algorithm should perform.

Do not include pseudocode statements in your answer.

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6 A program uses two 1D arrays of type integer. Array1 contains 600 elements and Array2
contains 200 elements.

Array1 contains sample values read from a sensor. The sensor always takes three consecutive
samples and all of these values are stored in Array1.

A procedure Summarise() will calculate the average of three consecutive values from Array1
and write the result to Array2. This will be repeated for all values in Array1.

The diagram below illustrates the process for the first six entries in Array1.

}
Array1 Array2 Comment

10 15 average of first three values

20 41 average of next three values

}
15

40

41

42

Write pseudocode for the procedure Summarise().

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7 A mobile phone has a touchscreen. The screen is represented by a grid, divided into 800 rows
and 1280 columns.

The grid is represented by a 2D array Screen of type INTEGER. An array element will be set to 0
unless the user touches that part of the screen.

Many array elements will set to 1 by a single touch of a finger or a stylus.

The following diagram shows a simplified touchscreen. The dark line represents a touch on the
screen. All grid elements that are wholly or partly inside the outline will be set to 1. These elements
are shaded.
The element shaded in black represents the centre point of the touch.

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A program is needed to find the coordinates (the row and column) of the centre point. The centre
point on the diagram shown is row 6, column 11.

Assume:

• the user may only touch one area at a time

• screen rotation does not affect the touchscreen.

The programmer has decided to use global values CentreRow and CentreCol as coordinate
values for the centre point.

The programmer has started to define program modules as follows:

Module Description
• Searches for the first row that has an array element set to 1
FirstRowSet() • Returns the index of that row (1 is the first row)
• Returns −1 if there are no elements set to 1
• Searches for the last row that has an array element set to 1
LastRowSet() • Returns the index of that row
• Returns −1 if there are no elements set to 1
• Searches for the first column that has an array element set to 1
FirstColSet() • Returns the index of that column (1 is the first column)
• Returns −1 if there are no elements set to 1
• Searches for the last column that has an array element set to 1
LastColSet() • Returns the index of that column
• Returns −1 if there are no elements set to 1
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(a) Write efficient pseudocode for the module FirstRowSet().

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(b) Describe a feature of your solution to part (a) that indicates the pseudocode represents an
efficient algorithm.

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(c) The programmer decides to produce a single search module FindSet(), which will be able
to perform each of the individual searches performed by the first four modules in the table.

(i) Outline the changes needed to convert one of the existing modules into this single
module.

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(ii) Give one possible advantage and one possible disadvantage of combining the four
searches into a single module.

Advantage .........................................................................................................................

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(d) An additional module GetCentre() is defined as follows:

Module Description
• Calculates the coordinates of the centre point
• Uses the four modules: FirstRowSet(), LastRowSet(),
GetCentre() FirstColSet(), LastColSet()
• Assigns values to CentreRow and CentreCol
• Sets CentreRow to −1 if no screen touch is detected

Write pseudocode for the module GetCentre().

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8 (a) A student is learning about arrays.

She wants to write a program to:

• declare a 1D array RNum of 100 elements of type INTEGER

• assign each element a random value in the range 1 to 200 inclusive
• count and output how many numbers generated were between 66 and 173 inclusive.

(i) Write pseudocode to represent the algorithm.

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(ii) The student decides to modify the algorithm so that each element of the array will contain
a unique value.

Describe the changes that the student needs to make to the algorithm.

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