TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED:
Standard Test Method for Amount of Water
01 Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic
Cement Paste
Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of
02
Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle
TESTING ON CEMENT:
STANDARD TEST
METHOD FOR
AMOUNT OF WATER
REQUIRED FOR
NORMAL
CONSISTENCY OF
HYDRAULIC
CEMENT PASTE
Based on ASTM C187
SIGNIFICANCE & USE
This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to
prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain
standard tests
Time of Setting
Autoclave Expansion
SAMPLE USED IN THIS TEST METHOD
PREPARATION OF
REPRESENTATIVE
SAMPLE BASED ON
SAMPLE FROM
ASTM C183/C183M: SUBJECT FOR
PROPER SAMPLING
PASS EACH TESTING
AS SET BY ASTM
SAMPLE THROUGH
C183/C183M
A 850µm (No. 20)
SIEVE
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
APPARATUS TO
BE USED
a.
APPARATUS /
MATERIALS
TO BE USED:
b. f.
a. Balance d.
b. Glass Graduates
c. Vicat Apparatus
d. Mixer with paddle c.
and bowl
e. spatula
f. pan g. e.
g. glass plate
d.
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR VICAT
APPARATUS WITH PLUNGER
REMOVABLE NEEDLE
D.
(1mm in diameter
B. MOVABLE ROD (300±0.5 g)
F. ADJUSTABLE INDICATOR
E. SET SCREW
C. PLUNGER END (10±0.05 mm)
A. FRAME
G. RIGID CONICAL RING
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR CONICAL RING
Inside diameter of ring at top:
60 ± 3 mm
Height of ring:
40 ± 1 mm
Inside diameter of ring at bottom:
70 ± 3 mm
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR MIXER
The mixer shall have a minimum of
two controlled speeds:
Slow speed:
-paddle revolves at a rate of
140 ± 5 r/min., with a planetary
motion of approx. 62 r/min.
Medium speed:
PADDLE BOWL -paddle revolves at a rate of 285
±1 0 r/min., with planetary
motion of approx. 125 r/min.
TEST CONDITIONS
The temperature of the air in the vicinity of the mixing slab, the dry cement,
molds, and base plates shall be maintained between 20 and 27.5°C
The temperature of the mixing water shall not vary from 23°C by more than
± 2.0°C .
The relative humidity of the laboratory shall be not less than 50%.
PREPARE THE
FOLLOWING:
PREPARE THE FOLLOWING:
Weigh 650 grams of
cement.
Measure quantity of distilled
water
PROCEDURE
FOR MIXING
PASTES
ASTM C305
Place the dry paddle and the dry bowl in the
mixing position in the mixer. Then introduce the
materials for a batch into the bowl and mix in
the following manner:
PROCEDURE FOR MIXING CEMENT PASTE
PROCEDURE 1 PROCEDURE 2 PROCEDURE 3 PROCEDURE 4 PROCEDURE 5
Stop the mixer for
Add cement 15 sec. and Start the
Start the
to the water during this time mixer at
Place all the mixer and scrape down into
and allow medium
mixing water mix at slow the batch any
30s for the speed and
in the bowl. speed for 30 paste that may
absorption have collected on mix for 60
seconds the sides of the
of water sec.
bowl.
MOLDING TEST
SPECIMEN
16
17
18
19
20
CONSISTENCY
DETERMINATION
22
23
24
25
Make trial pastes with
varying percentages of
water until the normal
consistency is obtained.
NOTE: Make each trial with
fresh cement
SAMPLE CALCULATION
TRIAL NO. QTY. OF WATER INITIAL INITIAL PENETRATION REMARKS)
(VARIES) READING READING (FINAL READING –
(mm) (mm) INITIAL READING)
1 140 mL 3 10 7 mm PASTE IS NOT IN
NORMAL CONSISTENCY
(< THE REQUIRED
RANGE)
2 190 mL 3 13 10 mm PASTE IS IN NORMAL
CONSISTENCY
TESTING ON CEMENT:
STANDARD TEST
METHODS FOR TIME
OF SETTING OF
HYDRAULIC
CEMENT BY VICAT
NEEDLE
Based on ASTM C191
SIGNIFICANCE & USE
Type of Test Type 1 Type 1P
Magnesium Oxide, % 6.0 maximum 6.0 maximum
Sulfur Trioxide, % 3.0 maximum 4.0 maximum
This test method provides Loss on Ignition, % 3.0 maximum 5.0 maximum
a means of determining Insoluble Residue, % 1.5 maximum -
compliance with a Fineness, % - -
specification limit for Vicat Air Content, % 12 maximum 12 maximum
time of setting. Autoclave Expansion 0.80 maximum 0.80 maximum
Specific Gravity
Time of Setting
Initial setting, 45 minimum 45 minimum
minutes
Final setting, 375 maximum
minutes
Compressive Strength
3 days 12.00 minimum 13.00 minimum
7 days 19.00 minimum 20.00 minimum
28 days 28.00 minimum 25.00 minimum
TERMS
INITIAL Initial time of setting is the time elapsed between the initial contact
of cement and water and the time when the penetration is measured or
calculated to be 25 mm
Final time of setting is the time elapsed between the initial contact of
FINAL cement and water and the needle does not leave a complete circular impression
in the paste surface.
2 METHODS OF
Time of Setting of
Hydraulic Cement by
Vicat Needle
METHOD A METHOD B
Test Method using the Test Method using the
manually operated automatic Vicat
standard Vicat machine
apparatus
APPARATUS /
a.
MATERIALS
TO BE USED:
b. g.
a. Balance VICAT
d.
b. Graduated Cylinder APPARATUS
WITH NEEDLE
c. Vicat Apparatus with
needle c.
d. Mixer with paddle
and bowl
e. Moist Cabinet h. f.
f. spatula
g. pan
h. glass plate e.
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR VICAT
APPARATUS WITH NEEDLE
C. PLUNGER END (10±0.05 mm)
B. MOVABLE ROD (300±0.5 g)
F. ADJUSTABLE INDICATOR
E. SET SCREW
D. REMOVABLE NEEDLE (1mm in
diameter, 50 mm in length)
A. FRAME
G. RIGID CONICAL RING
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR MOIST CABINET
(ASTM C511)
The atmosphere in a
moist cabinet shall have a
temperature of 23.0 ±
2.0 °C and a relative
humidity of not less than
95%
TEST CONDITIONS
The temperature of the air in the vicinity of the mixing slab, the dry cement,
molds, and base plates shall be maintained between 20 and 27.5 C
The temperature of the mixing water shall not vary from 23°C by more than
±1.7°C .
The relative humidity of the laboratory shall be not less than 50%.
DEMONSTRATION
VIDEO
(EDITED BY:
ENGR. ORNIETA)
PROCEDURE
PREPARATION OF CEMENT PASTE FOR
TIME OF SETTING
Use the specimen used
for determing normal
consistency
Prepare a new batch of Use the paste remaining
paste by mixing 650 g of from the batch used for
cement with the the autoclave specimen or
percentage of mixing
1 3 from the normal
water required for normal consistency
consistency determination
Weigh 650 grams of cement.
Measure quantity of distilled water
PROCEDURE
FOR MIXING
PASTES
ASTM C305
Place the dry paddle and the dry bowl in the
mixing position in the mixer. Then introduce the
materials for a batch into the bowl and mix in
the following manner:
PROCEDURE FOR MIXING CEMENT PASTE
PROCEDURE 1 PROCEDURE 2 PROCEDURE 3 PROCEDURE 4 PROCEDURE 5
Stop the mixer for
Add cement 15 sec. and Start the
Start the
to the water during this time mixer at
Place all the mixer and scrape down into
and allow medium
mixing water mix at slow the batch any
30s for the speed and
in the bowl. speed for 30 paste that may
absorption have collected on mix for 60
seconds the sides of the
of water sec.
bowl.
MOLDING TEST
SPECIMEN
44
45
46
47
48
TIME OF SETTING
DETERMINATION
PROCEDURE NO. 1:
TIME SETTING
DETERMINATION
Allow the time of setting specimen to
remain in the moist cabinet for 30
minutes after molding without being
disturbed.
PROCEDURE NO. 2:
After 30 minutes, determine the
penetration of the 1-mm needle by :
Place the specimen in the vicat
apparatus
PROCEDURE NO. 3:
After 30 minutes, determine the
penetration of the 1-mm needle by :
Lower the needle until it rests on the
surface of the paste.
PROCEDURE NO. 4:
After 30 minutes, determine the
penetration of the 1-mm needle by :
Take note of the initial reading.
PROCEDURE NO. 5:
After 30 minutes, determine the
penetration of the 1-mm needle by :
Release the rod quickly by releasing
the set screw and allow the needle to
settle for 30 sec. Then take the
reading to determine the penetration
PROCEDURE NO. 6:
TIME SETTING
DETERMINATION
After reading the penetration, place
the specimen back to the moist
cabinet for 15 minutes. Determine the
penetration of the 1-mm needle at this
time and every 15 minutes thereafter
25 mm or
until a penetration of
less is obtained.
REMINDER
At least
5 mm
away
At least
10 mm
away
HOW TO SOLVE FOR THE INITIAL TIME OF SETTING
WHERE:
E = time in minutes of last penetration greater than 25 mm
H = time in minutes of first penetration less than 25 mm
C = penetration reading at time E
D = penetration reading time at time H
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
11:30 AM
25
CALCULATION
11:30 AM
E = time in minutes of last penetration greater than 25 mm
H = time in minutes of first penetration less than 25 mm
C = penetration reading at time E
D = penetration reading time at time H
BASED FROM THE GIVEN:
E = 78 minutes
H= 93 minutes
C = 27 mm
D = 24 mm
Substitute the values in the
equation
CALCULATION
TIME (X) PENETRATION
(Y)
E C
INITIAL TIME (X) 25
H D
WHERE: y
C
E = time in minutes of last penetration greater than 25 mm
H = time in minutes of first penetration less than 25 mm
C = penetration reading at time E D
D = penetration reading time at time H
x
E H
TIME (X) PENETRATION
(Y)
E C
INITIAL TIME (X) 25
H D
D
x
E H
11:30 AM
ASTM C150 requirement: 45 minutes min.
FINAL TIME SETTING
Final time of setting is the time elapsed between the
initial contact of cement and water and the needle does not
leave a complete circular impression in the paste surface.
11:30 AM
