Unit-2 Ques ons and Answers

Q1: What do you mean by Scrip ng Language?

A scrip ng language is a programming language that allows developers to write scripts,
which are small programs that automate processes, enhance func onality, or interact with
other so ware components. Scrip ng languages are typically interpreted rather than
compiled, meaning they are executed line-by-line by an interpreter instead of being
translated into machine code before execu on.
Characteris cs of Scrip ng Languages:
 Interpreted Execu on: No need for compila on; code runs directly in an interpreter.
 Ease of Use: Scrip ng languages are usually simpler and more flexible than full-
fledged programming languages.
 Automa on: They are commonly used to automate repe ve tasks.
 Integra on with Other So ware: Many scrip ng languages can interact with other
applica ons or web services.
 Dynamic Typing: Variables do not require explicit data type defini ons.
Types of Scrip ng Languages:
1. Client-Side Scrip ng Languages
o Executed on the user’s web browser.
o Used for user interface enhancements and interac vity.
o Examples: JavaScript, VBScript.
2. Server-Side Scrip ng Languages
o Executed on the server before the web page is sent to the client.
o Used for dynamic web pages, database handling, and business logic.
o Examples: PHP, ASP, Python, Node.js.
3. Shell Scrip ng Languages
o Used for automa ng system administra on tasks.
o Examples: Bash, PowerShell.
 4. Applica on-Specific Scrip ng Languages
o Used within specific so ware for automa on.
o Examples: Lua (used in games), VBA (for Microso Office applica ons).
Example of Scrip ng Language (JavaScript)
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello, World!";
Example of Server-Side Scrip ng (PHP)
<?php
echo "Welcome to PHP scrip ng!";
?>
Scrip ng languages play a crucial role in web development, system administra on, and
so ware automa on, making programming more efficient and user-friendly.

Q2: Explain Client-Server Model

The Client-Server Model is a fundamental architecture used in network compu ng where
mul ple clients (users) interact with a central server that provides resources, data, or
services. This model is the founda on of web applica ons, online services, and distributed
systems.
Components of the Client-Server Model:
1. Client:
o A device (computer, smartphone, browser) that requests data or services.
o Example: A web browser accessing a website.
2. Server:
o A system that processes client requests and provides the required resources.
o Example: A web server hos ng a website.
3. Network:
o The communica on medium that connects clients and servers.
o Example: The Internet, LAN (Local Area Network).
How the Client-Server Model Works:
1. The client sends a request to the server (e.g., a browser reques ng a webpage).
2. The server processes the request and retrieves the necessary data.
3. The server sends the response back to the client.
4. The client receives the response and displays the data.
Types of Client-Server Architectures:
1. Two-Tier Architecture:
o Client interacts directly with the server.
o Example: A desktop applica on accessing a database.
2. Three-Tier Architecture:
o Includes a middle layer (applica on server) between the client and the
database server.
o Example: A web applica on with a front-end, a business logic layer, and a
database.
Advantages of the Client-Server Model:
 Centralized Control: Data and applica ons are managed on the server.
 Scalability: Servers can handle mul ple client requests efficiently.
 Security: Servers enforce security measures and access control.
 Resource Op miza on: Servers can allocate resources based on client needs.
Example of a Client-Server Request:
A web browser (client) requests a webpage from a web server:
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com
The server processes the request and responds with the webpage.
The Client-Server Model is the backbone of modern compu ng, enabling efficient data
exchange and distributed processing.
Q3: Explain Ac ve Server Pages (ASP). Explain various features of ASP.
Ac ve Server Pages (ASP) is a server-side scrip ng technology developed by Microso that
enables web developers to create dynamic and interac ve web pages. ASP allows
embedding scripts (typically wri en in VBScript or JavaScript) within HTML pages, which the
server processes before sending the final output to the user's browser.
Features of ASP:
1. Server-Side Execu on:
o ASP scripts are executed on the server before the web page is sent to the client.
o Example: A login valida on process in ASP.
2. Supports Mul ple Scrip ng Languages:
o Primarily supports VBScript and JavaScript for coding.
3. Database Connec vity:
o ASP allows seamless integra on with databases like Microso Access, SQL
Server, and MySQL using ADO (Ac veX Data Objects).
4. Session and Applica on Management:
o Supports Session Variables (to maintain user data across mul ple requests) and
Applica on Variables (to share informa on across all users).
5. Built-in Objects:
o ASP provides six built-in objects:
 Request: Retrieves form data.
 Response: Sends output to the browser.
 Session: Maintains user session data.
 Applica on: Stores applica on-level informa on.
 Server: Provides server-related func onali es.
 Error: Handles run me errors.
6. Security Features:
o Since ASP code runs on the server, it is not exposed to users, making it more
secure than client-side scrip ng.
Example of an ASP Page:
<%@ Language="VBScript" %>
<%
Dim name
name = "Welcome to ASP!"
Response.Write(name)
%>
This script runs on the server and sends the output "Welcome to ASP!" to the client’s
browser.

Q4: Explain various Data Types of ASP.

ASP primarily uses VBScript as its default scrip ng language. Unlike other programming
languages, VBScript does not use explicit data types. Instead, it has a single data type called
Variant, which can hold different types of values.
Common Data Types in ASP:
1. Integer:
o Stores whole numbers.
o Example: Dim num: num = 100
2. String:
o Stores sequences of characters (text).
o Example: Dim message: message = "Hello, ASP!"
3. Boolean:
o Stores True or False values.
o Example: Dim status: status = True
4. Date/Time:
o Stores date and me values.
o Example: Dim today: today = Now()
 5. Floa ng-Point (Double):
o Stores decimal numbers.
o Example: Dim price: price = 99.99
6. Null:
o Represents an empty value.
o Example: Dim x: x = Null
7. Object:
o Stores object references (such as database connec ons).
o Example: Set conn = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connec on")
ASP’s dynamic typing allows developers to work flexibly without defining strict data types,
making it easy to use in web applica ons.

Q5: Explain Control Statements in ASP.

Control statements in ASP are used to manage the flow of execu on based on condi ons.
The primary control statements include condi onal statements and looping statements.
1. Condi onal Statements:
 If…Then…Else: Executes a block of code based on a condi on.
<%
Dim age
age = 20
If age >= 18 Then
Response.Write("You are eligible to vote.")
Else
Response.Write("You are not eligible to vote.")
End If
%>
 Select Case: Used when mul ple condi ons need to be checked.
<%
Dim grade
grade = "A"
Select Case grade
Case "A"
Response.Write("Excellent")
Case "B"
Response.Write("Good")
Case Else
Response.Write("Needs Improvement")
End Select
%>
2. Loop Statements:
Loops help execute a block of code mul ple mes.
 For…Next Loop:
<%
Dim i
For i = 1 To 5
Response.Write("Number: " & i & "<br>")
Next
%>
 While…Wend Loop:
<%
Dim x
x=1
While x <= 5
Response.Write("Coun ng: " & x & "<br>")
 x=x+1
Wend
%>
Control statements help in decision-making and repea ng opera ons in ASP applica ons.

Q6: Explain Loop Statements in ASP.

Looping statements in ASP allow repea ng a block of code mul ple mes un l a condi on
is met.
Types of Loops in ASP:
1. For…Next Loop: Used when the number of itera ons is known.
<%
Dim i
For i = 1 To 5
Response.Write("Itera on: " & i & "<br>")
Next
%>
Itera on: 1
Itera on: 2
Itera on: 3
Itera on: 4
Itera on: 5
2. While…Wend Loop: Repeats as long as the condi on is True.
<%
Dim count
count = 1
While count <= 3
 Response.Write("ASP Loop: " & count & "<br>")
count = count + 1
Wend
%>
3. Do While Loop: Executes at least once before checking the condi on.
<%
Dim x
x=1
Do
Response.Write("Value: " & x & "<br>")
x=x+1
Loop While x <= 3
%>
Each type of loop helps in itera ng over elements, performing calcula ons, and handling
data dynamically in ASP applica ons.

Q7: Describe various Objects of ASP.

Ac ve Server Pages (ASP) provides several built-in objects that simplify web development
by managing request handling, responses, and session management.
1. Request Object
 Used to retrieve informa on sent by the client (form inputs, cookies, query strings).
 Example: Retrieving form data
<%
Dim username
username = Request.Form("user_name")
Response.Write("Welcome, " & username)
%>
2. Response Object
 Sends output to the client’s browser.
 Example: Redirec ng to another page
<%
Response.Redirect("home.asp")
%>
3. Server Object
 Provides access to server-related methods.
 Example: Crea ng an instance of an object
<%
Set conn = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connec on")
%>
4. Session Object
 Stores user-specific data across mul ple requests.
 Example: Se ng and retrieving a session variable
<%
Session("username") = "JohnDoe"
Response.Write("Welcome, " & Session("username"))
%>
5. Applica on Object
 Stores global variables accessible by all users.
 Example: Maintaining a visitor counter
<%
Applica on.Lock
Applica on("VisitorCount") = Applica on("VisitorCount") + 1
Applica on.Unlock
Response.Write("Total Visitors: " & Applica on("VisitorCount"))
%>

6. Error Object
 Captures and handles run me errors.
 Example: Displaying error details
<%
On Error Resume Next
Dim x
x = 10 / 0 ' Causes a division by zero error
Response.Write("Error: " & Err.Descrip on)
%>
Each of these objects plays a crucial role in handling requests, responses, user sessions, and
error management in ASP applica ons.

Q8: Explain various techniques of connec ng to a database in ASP.

ASP allows connec ng to databases using Ac veX Data Objects (ADO) to retrieve, insert,
update, and delete data.
1. Using DSN (Data Source Name)
 A DSN is pre-configured on the server, making it easy to connect.
 Example: Connec ng using DSN
<%
Dim conn
Set conn = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connec on")
conn.Open "DSN=MyDatabase;UID=username;PWD=password"
Response.Write("Database connected successfully!")
conn.Close
%>
2. Using DSN-less Connec on
 Specifies the database path directly in the connec on string.
 Example: Connec ng to an Access database
<%
Dim conn
Set conn = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connec on")
conn.Open "Provider=Microso .Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=C:\mydb.mdb;"
Response.Write("Connected to database")
conn.Close
%>
3. Using SQL Server Connec on
 Example: Connec ng to SQL Server
<%
Dim conn
Set conn = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connec on")
conn.Open "Driver={SQL
Server};Server=MY_SERVER;Database=MY_DB;UID=myUser;PWD=myPassword;"
Response.Write("Connected to SQL Server")
conn.Close
%>
By using these techniques, ASP developers can interact with databases efficiently and
perform CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) opera ons.

Q9: Explain various features of PHP.

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a popular server-side scrip ng language used to develop
dynamic web applica ons.
Key Features of PHP:
1. Server-Side Execu on:
o PHP code is executed on the server before sending output to the browser.
2. Supports Mul ple Databases:
o Works with MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc.
3. Cross-Pla orm Compa bility:
o Runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS.
4. Embedded in HTML:
o Example:
<?php echo "Hello, PHP!"; ?>
5. Open Source and Free:
o PHP is free and widely supported.
6. Secure:
o Supports encryp on, input valida on, and security func ons.
7. Error Handling:
o Example:
error_repor ng(E_ALL);
8. Session and Cookie Management:
o Example:
session_start();
$_SESSION["user"] = "JohnDoe";
PHP is widely used in web development due to its flexibility and ease of use.

Q10: Explain various features of Macromedia Flash.

Macromedia Flash (now Adobe Animate) was a mul media so ware used to create
anima ons and interac ve content.
Key Features of Macromedia Flash:
1. Anima on Support:
o Uses meline-based anima on.
2. Vector Graphics:
o Ensures smooth scaling and resizing.
3. Ac onScript Programming:
o Scrip ng language for interac vity.
o Example:
onClick() {
trace("Bu on Clicked!");
}
4. Rich Media Support:
o Supports audio, video, and images.
5. Cross-Browser Compa bility:
o Runs on different web browsers.
6. Lightweight and Fast:
o Flash anima ons load quickly compared to videos.
7. Interac ve User Interfaces:
o Used in games and online ads.
Flash was widely used before HTML5 and JavaScript replaced it in modern web
development.

Q11: Explain various features of Macromedia Dreamweaver.

Macromedia Dreamweaver (now Adobe Dreamweaver) is a professional web development
tool used for designing websites.
Key Features of Dreamweaver:
1. Visual Design & Code Editor:
o Supports WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) edi ng.
 2. Syntax Highligh ng:
o Helps in wri ng clean HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
3. Built-in Templates:
o Provides pre-designed website templates.
4. Live Preview:
o Shows real- me updates while edi ng.
5. Supports Mul ple Languages:
o HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and ASP.
6. Integrated FTP Client:
o Allows direct website publishing.
7. Responsive Web Design:
o Helps create mobile-friendly websites.
8. Code Autocomple on:
o Suggests code while typing.
Dreamweaver is widely used by professional web designers for its powerful features and
ease of use.