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Recent Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Patagonian Coast

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 THE VELIGER
q CMS, Inc., 2005
The Veliger 47(4):225–258

Recent Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Patagonian Coast

GUIDO PASTORINO
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Av. Angel Gallardo 470 38 piso lab. 57, C1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina
(e-mail: [email protected])

Abstract. This is the first comprehensive revision of the gastropod family Naticidae from the Patagonian coast. The
valid species are redescribed, based on type and other specimens, and illustrated, including SEM photographs of radulae
and jaws. This revision is based on specimens collected at localities ranging from Uruguay and northern Argentina
southwards to Tierra del Fuego, the Straits of Magellan, the Beagle Channel and the Malvinas Islands, along with some
material from South Georgia, South Shetland, the South Orkney Islands, and the Palmer (Antarctic) Peninsula. Only
thirteen of the numerous nominal species described from the Patagonian coast are herein considered valid: Notocochlis
isabellean (d’Orbigny, 1840); ‘‘Natica’’ limbata d’Orbigny, 1837; Tectonatica impervia (Philippi, 1845); Euspira con-
stricta Dall, 1891; E. strebeli Dall, 1891; E. patagonica (Philippi, 1845); E. falklandica (Preston, 1913); Falsilunatia
soluta (Gould, 1847); Bulbus carcellesi Dell, 1990; Polinices sp. cf. P. uber (Valenciennes, 1832); ‘‘Amauropsis’’ anderssoni
(Strebel, 1906); ‘‘A.’’ aureolutea (Strebel, 1908) and Kerguelenatica bioperculata Dell, 1990. In order to resolve the identity
of several species, lectotypes were selected for the following species: Natica isabelleana d’Orbigny, 1840; N. limbata
d’Orbigny, 1837; and a neotype of Falsilunatia soluta (Gould, 1847) is herein designated.

INTRODUCTION del Fuego, the Straits of Magellan, and the Beagle Chan-
nel, together with the Malvinas Islands (568S). Several
Carcelles & Williamson (1951) listed 22 naticid species specimens from South Georgia, South Shetland, the South
in their classic catalog of the Magellanic Province mol- Orkney Islands, and the Palmer (Antarctic) Peninsula
luscan fauna. However, that publication was an uncritical were also included for comparative purposes. The genus
compilation of the species described from this region. Sinuber was excluded, because it probably has only one
Previously, most of these nominal species were known species, found in the Malvinas Islands (i.e., S. sculptum),
solely from their original descriptions, so that their anat- and other species of this genus do not occur within the
omy and geographic distribution were largely unknown. Patagonian region. A complete revision of the Antarctic
Therefore, I undertook a comprehensive analysis of the and Subantarctic naticid species, excluding the Patagon-
Patagonian taxa of the family Naticidae. ian taxa, is in preparation.
The original material used to describe many of the Pa- The thirteen species herein recognized as valid are re-
tagonian naticids was obtained from nineteenth-century described based on museum specimens and some person-
overseas expeditions to the South American coast (e.g., ally collected material. The extant type specimens, as
King & Broderip, 1832; d’Orbigny, 1834–1847; Gould, well as radulae and jaws of the valid species, are illus-
1847, 1848, 1852, 1862; Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889; trated, most of them for the first time.
Strebel, 1906, 1908). An exception is the renowned R. A.
Philippi who, during his extensive career at the National MATERIALS AND METHODS
Museum in Santiago, Chile, published on the taxonomy
of mollusks from the Straits of Magellan (Philippi, 1845a, The core material is housed in the extensive collections
1855, 1868). of the following museums: Argentino de Ciencias Natur-
Modern publications on the Naticidae agree in recog- ales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia,’’ Buenos Aires (MACN-In);
nizing admittedly poorly defined groups at the genus- Museo de La Plata (MLP); Nacional de Historia Natural,
and subfamily-levels (e.g., Cernohorsky, 1971; Kabat, Montevideo (MNHNM), Fundaçao Zoobotanica de Rio
2000; Kilburn, 1976; Marincovich, 1977; Majima, 1989; Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (FZBRGS); and the
Dell, 1990). This paper uses the classifications adopted United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution,
by Marincovich (1977) and Majima (1989). Kabat (1991) Washington, D.C. (USNM). Some specimens housed in
provided additional data on the type species designations the MLP do not have catalog numbers, nor do any of
of the genera, and on the establishment of the family and those in the MNHN (Paris).
subfamily names used herein. Other collections were also studied, primarily for type
The geographic fauna studied corresponds to Patagonia specimens: Philippi’s collection in the Museo Nacional de
sensu lato, from Buenos Aires province (368S) to Tierra Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile (MNHNS); d’Orbigny’s
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 226

collection in The Natural History Museum, London stituted paraphyletic grades, not monophyletic clades.
(NHM, formerly BMNH); Strebel’s collections from the Pending further phylogenetic analyses, I tentatively clas-
Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition in the Swedish Muse- sify those species with a complete, thick and compact cal-
um of Natural History, Stockholm (SMNH), and in the careous layer in the Naticinae and those lacking such a
Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Univ- calcareous operculum in the Polinicinae, except for the
ersität Hamburg (ZMH), Rochebrune’s and Mabille’s col- genera Amauropsis and Kerguelenatica which are referred
lection in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris to the subfamily Ampullospirinae.
(MNHN); and von Martens’ and Thiele’s types at the Zoo- Powell (1951:115–116) and Dell (1990:138–139) dis-
logical Museum of Berlin, Germany (ZMB). Finally, sev- cussed the taxonomic importance of the radula, particu-
eral historical specimens from the Auckland Institute and larly the number of cusps of the marginal teeth. However,
Museum, New Zealand (AIM), and Museum of New Zea- Bouchet and Warén (1993:757) discussed the ontogenetic
land Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington (NMNZ) were ex- variation of the marginal teeth in this family and con-
amined for comparative purposes. cluded that the taxonomic value of this character was low.
All records are arranged geographically, first by coun- The generic assignments in this work are rather con-
try, next by latitude from north to south, then by the off- servative, pending further phylogenetic revision of this
shore groups of islands. For the convenience of the read- family. At present, the total number of valid naticid spe-
er, most of the localities cited in the text are shown in cies in the southwestern Atlantic region remains un-
Figure 141. known.
Live specimens of Notocochlis isabelleana were col-
lected during the tide at Puerto Quequén, Buenos Aires SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS
province (388379S–88509W); Puerto Lobos, Chubut prov-
Superfamily NATICOIDEA Guilding, 1834
ince (428009S, 658029W); and Puerto Pirámides, Chubut
province (428359S–648179W). ‘‘Natica’’ limbata was col- Family NATICIDAE Guilding, 1834
lected in the intertidal zone at Puerto San Sebastián, Ti-
Subfamily Naticinae Guilding, 1834
erra del Fuego province, Argentina. The remaining ma-
terial studied comprises museum specimens, dry and pre- Although this family-level name is commonly attributed
served. For several species, I have also provided ‘‘Liter- to ‘‘Forbes, 1838,’’ it was first established four years pre-
ature Records’’ that document the geographic range, viously by Guilding (Kabat, 2000:352).
particularly those species with broad ranges. However, I
have not examined all of the voucher specimens to verify Genus Notocochlis Powell, 1933
these species identifications.
Radulae and jaws were prepared by the Solem method Type species: Cochlis migratoria Powell, 1927, by orig-
(solem, 1972). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) inal designation.
photographs were taken using the facilities of the MLP Hitherto, the genus Natica Scopoli, 1777, was indis-
and USNM. criminately used for the majority of species of Naticinae
with other genus-level names sometimes used as subgen-
era of Natica. Kabat (2000:357–58, 364) briefly differ-
HIGHER-LEVEL CLASSIFICATION entiated Natica from Notocochlis and several other nati-
Kilburn (1976:831, 855), Marincovich (1977:174) and Ma- cine genera.
jima (1989:24, 72), among others, considered the presence
of a calcareous operculum to be a major phylogenetic dif- Notocochlis isabelleana (d’Orbigny, 1840)
ference between the subfamilies Naticinae and Polinicinae. Figures 1–14
However, Dell (1990:135–139) stated that this character
had limited utility. For example, Notocochlis isabelleana Natica isabelleana d’Orbigny, 1840:402, pl. 76, figs. 12, 13;
d’Orbigny, 1842:154; Tryon, 1886:28, pl. 8, fig. 51;
has an operculum with a thick calcareous layer covering
Carcelles, 1944:245; Castellanos, 1970:55, pl. 3, fig. 6;
the basal corneous layer, while Tectonatica impervia and Po11itzer, 1980:312; Pastorino, 1995:9, pl. 2, fig. 14.
N. limbata have a thinner calcareous layer that is external Natica canrena senus Carcelles, 1944:245, pl. 1, fig. 21, 22;
to, and partially covers, the corneous layer, leaving the Castellanos, 1970:57, pl. 3, fig. 1, non Naticarius can-
opercular nucleus uncovered by the calcareous layer. Eus- rena (Linnaeus, 1758).
pira patagonica and E. falklandica have a completely cor- Natica limbata sensu Rios, 1985:67, pl. 24, fig. 295; Abbott
& Dance, 1986:109, fig. 9; Rios, 1994:80, pl. 26, fig.
neous operculum with a weak, shallow and incomplete ex-
309, non ‘‘Natica’’ limbata d’Orbigny, 1837.
ternal layer of calcareous deposits. This variation in the
extent and thickness of the calcareous deposits over the Diagnosis: Shell medium sized, smooth. Umbilicus nar-
corneous layer of the operculum suggests that this feature row, open; umbilical callus always present; sulcus
may be unreliable. Kabat (1998:790) concluded that the straight; funicle moderately developed; basal lip slightly
nominal subfamilies Ampullospirinae and Polinicinae con- thickened. Operculum completely calcified.
Page 227 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Figures 1–11. Notocochlis isabelleana (d’Orbigny, 1840). Figures 1–2. Lectotype NHM 1854.4.377, Maldonado, Uruguay. Figures 3–
4. MLP unnumbered, Puerto Lobos, Rı́o Negro. Figure 5. Operculum. Figures 6–7. MLP 5163, Puerto Pirámides, Chubut, Argentina.
Figure 8. MACN–In 35955 San Antonio Oeste, Rı́o Negro. Figures 9–10. Apical and apertural view of two embryo shells, SEM, from
Puerto Pirámides, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 11. Spawn from Puerto Pirámides, scale bar 5 1 cm. Scale bar for all shells 5 1 cm.

Description: Shell (Figures 1–4, 6–8) medium sized, glo- to oblique incremental growth lines, which are more dis-
bose, spire moderately elevated, with about four to five tinct just below the suture. Parietal callus thin, filling pos-
whorls; body whorl well developed; shell thickness av- terior apertural angle; lobe of anterior parietal callus
erage for genus; protoconch of about 1.5 whorls, smooth, small. Umbilicus narrow, always open; umbilical callus
without ornamentation, transition to teleoconch impercep- moderate to small in size, always present; sulcus mod-
tible. Suture distinctly impressed. Axial sculpture limited erately excavated, straight (channel narrow, overtaking
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 228

Figures 12–14. Notocochlis isabelleana (d’Orbigny, 1840). Figure 12. Radula, frontal view, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 13. Internal
view of the Jaws, scale bar 5 500 mm. Figure 14. Detail of the jaws edge, scale bar 5 100 mm.

anterior internal lip without notch); funicle moderately only one specimen (length 5 31.6 mm; width 5 29.9
developed; basal lip slightly thickened. Aperture large, mm) corresponds to d’Orbigny’s original measurements,
semicircular. description and illustration, and is herein selected as the
Color of fresh specimens variable, ranging from bluish lectotype (Figures 1–2). The other two specimens are ap-
white to gray; some specimens (usually from Brazil) have parently mixed in from another lot (K. Way, in litt.), since
four dark and light spiral bands; light spiral bands with they do not correspond to the description of N. isabel-
axial, light brown, chevron-shaped lines, especially on the leana. Further, d’Orbigny’s description did not indicate
last whorl. Some specimens have a thin, olivaceous perio- the number of specimens. These two specimens are un-
stracum. questionably Natica limbata d’Orbigny, 1837. Aguirre
Operculum semicircular, solid, completely calcified, (1993:29), who synonymized both species, mistakenly
paucispiral, covering the entire aperture. Internal oper- designated one of the N. limbata specimens as the lec-
cular sculpture of slightly developed but clearly marked totype of N. isabelleana. I conclude that Aguirre’s lec-
growth lines; growth lines covering whole surface; slight totype designation is invalid, pursuant to ICZN Article
spiral groove along outer margin; calcified granulose zone 74.2 (‘‘Lectotype found not to have been a syntype. If it
in the center of operculum; inner and outer margins is demonstrated that a specimen designated as a lectotype
smooth (Figure 5). was not a syntype, it loses its status of lectotype.’’). In-
Radulae taenioglossate 2–1–R–1–2, rachidian teeth stead, the specimen herein figured (Figures 1–2) is the
trapezoidal with three sharp cusps, the central one slightly only specimen that exactly matches d’Orbigny’s descrip-
larger than the laterals, anterior side of base straight, pos- tion and measurements and is herein selected as the lec-
terior slightly convex centrally and concave at tips, end- totype in order to stabilize the nomenclature of this spe-
ing in two sharp lateral processes. Two lateral teeth, one cies.
on each side of central, with two to five cusps of which
the central is three times larger than the lateral cusps, Additional material examined: Uruguay: La Paloma,
inner edge with a conspicuous prolongation. Two mar- Rocha (FZBRGS 21172, 20837, 20835, 20942, 20993;
ginal teeth curved towards rachidian; inner bifid with MACN–In 17542); Cabo Santa Maria (MACN–In 15295-
similarly sized cusps and outer moderately hook-shaped a); Maldonado (NHM 1854.12.4.377).
(Figure 12). Argentina: Buenos Aires (MACN–In 10408); Cabo San
Jaws pyriform; rods elongated, virgula shaped, diago- Antonio, Buenos Aires (MACN–In 16305); Monte Her-
nally arranged (Figures 13–14). moso, Buenos Aires (MACN–In 9209; MACN–In 11240;
MLP 3260); Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires (MACN–In
Type locality: Herein restricted to Maldonado, Uruguay,
8904; MACN–In 9155; MACN–In 10299; MACN–In
the location of the lectotype.
11369; MACN–In 11986; MACN–In 11551; MACN–In
Type material: The type lot, NHM 1854.12.4.377, from 10321; MACN–In 10734; MACN–In 10108; MACN–In
Maldonado (Uruguay), has three specimens. However, 16674; FZBRGS 15119; MACN–In 9361-50); Miramar,
Page 229 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Buenos Aires (MACN–In 8451-24; MACN–In 9247-5; Genus uncertain

MACN–In 16337); 378139, 558589W in 50 m, Buenos Ai- ‘‘Natica’’ limbata d’Orbigny, 1837
res (MACN–In 24247); Fondos de Querandı́, Buenos Ai-
Figures 15–26
res (MACN–In 14332); 37836920S, 578059030W in 113 m,
Buenos Aires (MACN–In 24232); Puerto Quequén, Natica limbata d’Orbigny, 1837:pl. 57, figs. 7–9; 1840:402;
Buenos Aires (MACN–In 9368-35; MACN–In 21065 [in Strebel, 1906:132, pl. 11, figs. 68, 68a–d; Castellanos,
1970:56, pl. 3, fig. 7; Scarabino, 1977:185, pl. 2, fig. 7.
51–58 m]; MACN–In 13031); Punta Carballido, Que- Natica atrocyanea Philippi, 1845a:64, 1845b:41, pl. 2, fig.
quén, Buenos Aires (MACN–In 26278); Puerto Belgrano, 1; Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889:H32; Hupé in Gay,
near Bahı́a Blanca, Buenos Aires (MACN–In 11241; 1854:221; Strebel, 1906:136; Castellanos, 1970:57, pl.
MACN–In 11338; MACN–In 6620-15); Bahı́a San Blas 3, fig. 2.
in 9–27 m, Buenos Aires (MACN–In 20250); Rı́o Colo- Falsilunatia limbata (d’Orbigny, 1837). Castellanos & Lan-
doni, 1990:23, pl. 3, figs. 30a–b.
rado, Buenos Aires (MLP 1378); Mouth of Rı́o Negro, Natica isabelleana sensu Aguirre, 1993:29, pl. 2, fig. 4, non
Rı́o Negro (MLP 3945); Puerto San Antonio Oeste, Rı́o Notocochlis isabelleana (d’Orbigny, 1840).
Negro (MACN–In 9380-1; MLP 3670); Playa de San An-
tonio, Rı́o Negro (MACN–In 9152-11); Punta Villarino, Diagnosis: Shell large, globose, thin, bluish violet in col-
or; parietal callus very thin. Umbilicus deep, open. Oper-
San Antonio Oeste, Rı́o Negro (MACN–In 9379-22); San
culum with calcareous outer layer, but nucleus uncovered,
Antonio Oeste, Rı́o Negro (MACN–In 35955); Puerto
corneous layer internal.
Lobos, Rı́o Negro (MLP 5220; MLP 2377); 418049S,
608039W, Golfo San Matı́as, Rı́o Negro (MACN–In Description: Shell (Figures 15–19, 2l–23) large, thin,
18406); 418129S, 628549W in 27 m (MACN–In 20654); globose; spire elevated with about six whorls; protoconch
41844960S, 63836940W, Rı́o Negro (MACN–In 30536); unknown (eroded). Suture clearly impressed. Spiral or-
Golfo San Matı́as, Rı́o Negro (MACN–In 21298; namentation of thin microscopic threads covering entire
FZBRGS 23465); Puerto Pirámides, Chubut (MLP 5163); surface. Parietal callus very thin or absent. Umbilicus
Punta Norte, Chubut (MACN–In 11483; MACN–In deep, open except where covered by the internal lip. Ap-
9158-4); Puerto Madryn, Chubut (MACN–In 10959; erture large, about half total length of shell, inner margin
MACN–In 9171-19; MACN–In 9052; MLP 3914; moderately sigmoidal, outer margin thin and sharp.
MACN–In 22476 [in 18 m]); ‘‘Atlantic coast of Argen- Color of fresh shells bluish violet, usually glossy, some
specimens a drab white or reddish with a white line in
tina’’ (MACN–In 29653).
the subsutural and umbilical regions; shell interior glossy
brown; periostracum yellowish brown. Worn shells dark
Distribution: Rı́o de Janeiro (Brazil) to Golfo Nuevo,
blue and dull.
Chubut (Argentina). It is a common mollusk species in
Operculum with a thin and complete outer calcareous
the Argentine malacological province.
layer, frequently eroded in dead specimens, revealing the
basal corneous layer; calcareous layer significantly thin-
Remarks: The misidentifications by Rios (1985, 1994),
ner at its external edge. Internal margin with a recurved
Abbott and Dance (1986), and Aguirre (1993) could have edge that aligns with the columellar margin of the aper-
arisen from the mixture of two species in the type lot of ture. Operculum nucleus, not covered by the calcareous
N. isabelleana. layer, close to the internal margin. Suture distinct between
Castellanos (1970) and Carcelles (1944) confused N. the corneous and calcareous layers. Internal corneous lay-
isabelleana with Naticarius canrena Linnaeus, 1758, a er with an opaque and well-defined internal attachment
tropical western Atlantic species. However, the latter spe- scar (Figure 20).
cies has an umbilicus with a large callus, a sharply Radulae taenioglossate, 2–1–R–1–2, rachidian teeth
grooved operculum, a much glossier color pattern, a dis- trapezoidal with (commonly) three cusps, the central larg-
tinct radula, attains a much larger size, and has never er than laterals; some specimens have two or three small
been collected in Argentine waters. lateral cusps. Anterior side of base moderately concave,
The spawn of this species, typically a circular ribbon posterior convex with two sharp lateral processes; lateral
of agglutinated sand grains containing the embryos, is edge with two more conspicuous prolongations. Lateral
usually found in Puerto Pirámides, Chubut (Argentina) at tooth with well developed central cusp and usually two
low tide during the southern spring and summer (i.e., No- short cusps on either side of the central. Two marginals;
vember to February) on sandy substrates (Figure 11). The inner bifid, one cusp longer than the other, the other sim-
embryos inside the sand collar are microscopic (115 3 ple and hook-shaped (Figure 26).
160 microns in shell height and width), and presumably Jaws subtriangular with rectangular and extreme elon-
hatch as planktotrophic veligers, given their small size gated rods, arranged regularly on the anterior side (Fig-
(Figures 9–10). A complete description of this sand collar ures 24–25).
and its embryos is in preparation. Distribution: Buenos Aires province (southern) to the
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 230

Figures 15–23. ‘‘Natica’’ limbata d’Orbigny, 1837. Figures 15–16. Lectotype NHM 1854.12.4.376, Bahı́a San Blas, Buenos Aires.
Figure 17. MACN–In 35954, Bahı́a de San Sebastián, Tierra del Fuego. Figure 18–19. Natica atrocyanea Philippi, 1845, holotype,
MHNS unnumbered, Straits of Magellan. Figure 20. Operculum, external view. Figures 21–23. MACN–In 35954, Bahı́a de San Sebas-
tián, Tierra del Fuego. Scale bar 5 1 cm.

Patagonian coast; Tierra del Fuego; Straits of Magellan; an intact operculum is herein designated as lectotype to
in shallow to intertidal waters. stabilize nomenclature and enhance our understanding of
this species (Figures 15–16). The holotype of N. atrocy-
Type localities: Bahı́a San Blas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
anea is deposited in MNHNS (Figures 20–21).
[N. limbata]; Straits of Magellan [N. atrocyanea].
Type material: The syntype lot of N. limbata, NHM Additional material examined: Argentina: Bahı́a San
1854.12.4.376, has 11 specimens. The only syntype with Blas, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, (NHM
Page 231 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Figures 24–26. ‘‘Natica’’ limbata d’Orbigny, 1837. Figure 24. Jaws, scale bar 5 1000 mm. Figure 25. Detail of jaws showing rods,
scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 26. Radula, scale bar 5 100 mm.

1854.12.4.376); Monte Hermoso, Buenos Aires (MLP A. d’Orbigny’s original description noted that the shell
3617); Puerto Belgrano, Buenos Aires (MACN–In of N. limbata resembled those of species classified in
11343); Puerto Deseado, Santa Cruz (MLP 1602); Straits Lunatia (a synonym of Euspira, fide Kabat, 1991:431).
of Magellan, (MLP 2599); Bahı́a Punta Bası́lica, San Se- However, the opercular morphology, which is quite dif-
bastián, Tierra del Fuego (MLP 5218); Playa Punta Ba- ferent from all species included in Euspira, excludes this
sı́lica, Bahı́a San Sebastián (MACN–In 35954), Tierra del species from Euspira. A rather conservative place is
Fuego; Puerto San Sebastián, Tierra del Fuego; (MLP); granted to this species, which probably belongs to a new
(MACN–In 12547); Santa Cruz (MLP); Cabo Buen genus, but further research is required to determine its
Tiempo (MLP); Santa Cruz (SMNH 455); Boca del Rı́o systematic position in the Naticidae.
Sauce (MLP 3265); Costa de Tierra del Fuego (MACN–
In 12548); Playa del Rı́o del Fuego, Rio Grande, Tierra Genus Tectonatica Sacco, 1890
del Fuego (MACN–In 12546).
Type species: Natica (Tectonatica) tectula Sacco, 1890,
Chile: Punta Arenas, Chile (MACN–In 12146); Chavun- by monotypy.
co, Punta Arenas, Chile (MACN–In 26532).
Remarks: Sherborn and Woodward (1901) and Sherborn Tectonatica impervia (Philippi, 1845)
and Griffin (1934) determined the publication dates of
Figures 36–45
d’Orbigny’s ‘‘Voyage dans l’Amerique Meridionale,’’
which was issued in parts over several years. For N. lim- Natica impervia Philippi, 1845a:65; 1845b:42, pl. 2, fig. 6;
bata, the illustration with a caption and the description Hupé in Gay, 1854:221; Tryon, 1886:31, pl. 9, fig. 66;
were published in 1837 and 1840, respectively. The plate Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889:H34, pl. 3, fig. 7; Strebel,
on which N. limbata is illustrated is a valid publication 1906:134, pl. 11, fig. 60–60a; Strebel, 1908:61;
Me1vi11 & Standen, 1912:348; Carcelles, 1950:58.
pursuant to ICZN Article 8 (1999). Natica impervia var. major Strebel, 1908:61, pl. 5, fig. 62a, b.
I agree with Strebel (1906:136), who synonymized Na- Natica acuta Philippi, 1845a:65; 1845b:41–42, pl. 2, fig. 3,
tica atrocyanea Philippi, 1845, with N. limbata, since non Natica acuta Deshayes, 1838.
Philippi’s description and type material are conspecific Natica Philippiana Nyst, 1845:153 (non Reeve, 1855), re-
with N. limbata. placement name for N. acuta Philippi, 1845, non De-
Castellanos & Landoni (1990:23) transferred this spe- shayes, 1838.
Natica obturata Philippi, 1855:208; Philippi, 1857:165;
cies, without explanation, to Falsilunatia Powell, 1951. Strebel, 1906:135.
However, the radula, the operculum and the shell of N. Natica payeni Rochebrune & Mabille, 1885:104, 1889:H32,
limbata do not correspond with those of the species re- pl. 3, fig. 6; Carcelles & Williamson, 1951:283.
ferable to Falsilunatia. Tectonatica impervia (Philippi, 1845).—Powell, 1951:122,
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 232

Figures 27–42. Kerguelenatica bioperculata Dell, 1990. Figure 27–28. Natica grisea Martens, 1878, holotype, ZMB Moll 25618,
Rhodes Bay, Kerguelen Is. Figure 29–30. SMNH 2374, Malvinas Is. Figure 31. MORG 17932, 388069S–558139W in 51 m. Figure 32.
Detail of the umbilical area. Figures 33–34. MACN–In 25161, 378359S–548559W in 192 m. Figure 35. SMNH 2374, Malvinas Is. Figures
36–42. Tectonatica impervia (Philippi, 1845). Figure 36: MORG 17932, 388069S–558139W in 51 m. Figures 37–38. Natica payeni
Rochebrune and Mabille, 1885, syntype, Tierra del Fuego. Figures 39–40. Natica payeni Rochebrune and Mabille, 1885, syntype.
Figures 41–42. MACN–In 24973, 558419S–668349W in 113 m. Scale bar 5 1 cm.
Page 233 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Figures 43–45. Tectonatica impervia (Philippi, 1845). Figure 43. Jaws, MACN–In 22509, Puerto Crossley, Isla de los Estados, scale
bar 5 1000 mm. Figure 44. Detail showing rods of jaws, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 45. radula, MACN–In 22509, scale bar 5 100
mm.

pl. 10, fig. 62, J46; Carcelles, 1953:184, pl. 2, fig. 48; eral vestigial cusps. Two marginals; inner thick and bifid,
Powell, 1960:145; Cantera & Arnaud, 1985:61; Dell, with tips of different lengths; outer simple, thin and elon-
1990:163–164, figs. 246–274; Castellanos & Landoni,
gated (Figure 45). Powell (1951:122) described what he
1990:24, pl. 3, fig. 31c, b.
Tectonica [sic] impervia (Philippi, 1845).—Carcelles & Wil- called a ‘‘reversal of the usual arrangement,’’ i.e., a sim-
liamson, 1951:283. ple and long inner marginal tooth and a bifid outer mar-
ginal; Dell (1990:163) concluded that both marginals
Diagnosis: Shell small, smooth; Parietal callus thick, cov- were single cusped.
ered by umbilical callus. Operculum paucispiral, thick, Jaws subtriangular; rods elongated, arrow shaped (Fig-
smooth, calcareous except for corneous nucleus. ures 43–44).
Description: Shell (Figures 36–42) small to medium
Type locality: Straits of Magellan [N. impervia, N. acuta,
sized, suboval to subquadrangular; protoconch smooth,
and N. obturata]; Paulet Is., 638369S, 558489W [N. im-
not ornamented, without perceptible transition to teleo-
pervia var. major]; Tierra del Fuego [N. payeni].
conch. Spire very short of about 4.5 whorls, last whorl
moderately convex, two times larger than penultimate Type material: Natica impervia, N. acuta, N. obturata
whorl. Suture adpressed. Axial ornamentation limited to unknown, probably lost, not extant in Philippi’s collection
thin growth lines. Parietal callus thick, filling posterior (MHNS). Two syntypes of Natica payeni are housed at
umbilicus, and entirely covered by semicircular umbilical MNHN (Figures 37–40).
callus or chink. Aperture semicircular, internal lip
straight, external thin and sharp. Additional material examined: Argentina: 378359S–
Color of fresh shells drab to glossy white, periostracum 48559W in 192 m (MACN–In 25161-1); 388069S–
(when present) yellowish gray. 558139W in 460 m (partim MORG 17932); Straits of Ma-
Operculum paucispiral, thick, smooth, calcareous ex- gellan (USNM 96203); Puerto Crossley, Isla de los Es-
cept for corneous nucleus, covering the whole aperture, tados in 15 m (MACN–In 22509-1); Puerto San Juan, Isla
margins smooth. Opercular ornamentation limited to thin de los Estados (MACN–In 22168-1); Puerto Roca, Isla
growth lines (Figure 36). de los Estados in 18 m (MACN–In 21977-1); Puerto
Radulae taenioglossate, rachidian with three cusps, Cook in 36 m (MACN–In 22084); Isla Observatorio,
central one significantly larger than the other two, lateral Puerto Olla in 18–36 m (MACN–In 22038-1); 548559S–
tooth with a large central cusp, two small cusps and sev- 658579W in 17 m (MACN–In 23894); Tribune Bank, Pa-
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 234

tagonia (NHM 1332); Bahı́a Crossley, Isla de los Estados Natica obturata Philippi, 1845, which differs from typical
(MLP 4357); Rada de Isla Picton, Canal Beagle in 55– T. impervia solely in its higher and more acute spire, is
82 m (MACN–In 23986); 548499S–658159W, Bahı́a Buen also herein synonymized. Strebel (1908) and Lamy
Suceso, Tierra del Fuego (MACN–In 21397); 548399S– (1910:322) concluded that Natica payeni Rochebrune &
648069W in 28 m (MACN–In 22637); 558079S–668339W Mabille was quite similar to T. impervia; Dell (1990:164)
in 82 m (MACN–In 23941); 558419S–668349W in 113 m synonymized it with T. impervia.
(MACN–In 24973); Ushuaia (MACN–In 19840 and
13584-1). Subfamily Polinicinae Finlay & Marwick, 1937
Chile: Puerto Harris, Isla Dawson, Chile (MACN–In Genus Falsilunatia Powell, 1951
12436); Isla Nueva, Chile (NHM 1316).
Type species: Natica soluta Gould, 1847, by original
Literature records: 548439S–648089W in 36 m (Strebel, designation.
1908); Smyth Channel, Long Island (14.6 m), Gente
Grande, Straits of Magellan (5.5 m); Tribune Bank; Ush- Falsilunatia soluta (Gould, 1847)
uaia, Ebbestrand; Isla Nueva, Puerto Toro (55 m); Strait
Le Maire; Falkland [Malvinas] Is. (2 m) (Strebel, 1906);
Figures 46–55
Burdwood Bank, Falkland [Malvinas] Is. area (102 m) Natica soluta Gould, 1847:239; 1852:215, pl. 15, figs. 257,
(Melvill & Standen, 1912); R/V Discovery St. 51, off 257a; 1862:50, 244; Tryon, 1886:39, pl. 9, fig. 71;
Eddystone Rock, East of Falkland [Malvinas] Is. (105– Doello-Jurado, 1918:122; Johnson, 1964:150.
Natica soluta Gould, 1847 ‘‘form B’’ Strebel, 1906:138, pl.
115 m); St. 159, off South Georgia, 538529300S,
11, fig. 61, 61a, 62b.
368089000W (160 m); St. WS795, North of Falkland Polynices solutus (Gould, 1847). Carcelles, 1950:58, pl. 2,
[Malvinas] Is. 468149S, 608249W (157–161 m); St. WS fig. 26.
838, 538119450S–658009000W (148 m) (Powell, 1951); Falsilunatia recognita sensu Powell, 1951:26, fig. 148, non
Crozet and Kerguelen Is. (104–585 m) (Cantera & Ar- Natica recognita Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889.
naud, 1985). Falsilunatia soluta (Gould, 1847). Powell, 1951:119; Car-
celles & Williamson, 1951:281; Powell, 1960:145; Can-
Distribution: Tierra del Fuego, Staten Island, Straits of tera & Arnaud, 1985:60; Dell, 1990:147–148.
Magellan, Malvinas Is., Burdwood Bank. This species
Diagnosis: Shell oval, spire short, last whorl inflated; Pa-
was also collected at a substantial depth (460 m), off Mar
rietal callus thick with central constriction. Umbilical cal-
del Plata, Buenos Aires province, in the deep water Mal-
lus weak. Operculum totally corneous.
vinas cold current. Cantera & Arnaud (1985:61) cited this
species from Kerguelen and Crozet Islands. Except for Description: Shell (Figures 46–51) medium sized, oval,
the latter records, which I consider doubtful, this species solid, thick; spire short with four convex whorls with a
is restricted to the Magellanic area. weak subsutural ramp, the last whorl moderately inflated.
Protoconch with one nuclear whorl. Suture impressed.
Remarks: The generic placement of T. impervia is prob-
Axial sculpture of very weak incremental growth lines;
lematic, since the type species of Tectonatica is a Euro-
shallow, microscopic, spiral threads covering entire sur-
pean fossil for which the operculum is unknown (Mar-
face. Parietal callus thick with central constriction that is
incovich, 1977:405). However, T. impervia resembles
characteristic of the species. Umbilicus moderately open,
other Recent species currently classified in Tectonatica.
umbilical callus very weak. Anterior internal lip thick-
Marincovich (1977:405) and Bouchet & Warén (1993:
ened; external lip thin; basal lip moderately thickened and
764) distinguished this genus from Cryptonatica based on
slightly reflected.
differences in the umbilical region, i.e., the degree to
Operculum paucispiral, oval, enlarged, entirely corne-
which the umbilicus is filled with the umbilical callus.
ous, transparent, brownish, entirely covering the aperture
Yet, T. impervia demonstrates a considerable range of
(Figure 53).
variation in that character. Kilburn (1976:845–847) illus-
Radula taenioglossate, hemispherical rachidian tooth
trated the operculum and radula of Tectonatica tecta. The
with a prominent central cusp and two vestigial cusps.
operculum of that species has a complete calcareous lay-
Rachidian base with two lateral prolongations and two
er, including the nucleus, and is smooth with only growth
conspicuous central denticles. Lateral tooth with only one
lines on its surface; whereas the rachidian tooth is similar
sharp cusp. Marginals two, inner sharp and simple with
to T. impervia. At present, T. impervia will be classified
a short subsidiary cusp; outer longer, thinner and simple
in Tectonatica, pending further revision of the Recent
(Figures 54–55).
species referred to this genus.
Jaws subquadrangular, with vertically arranged polyg-
Natica acuta Philippi is a junior homonym of N. acuta
onal to trapezoidal rods (Figure 52).
Deshayes, 1824; Nyst (1845) proposed N. philippiana as
a replacement name. Nevertheless, Natica acuta Philippi Type locality: Probably southern coast of South America
falls within the normal range of variation of T. impervia. [N. soluta] (Johnson, 1964:150). The neotype, AIM
Page 235 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Figures 46–55. Falsilunatia soluta (Gould, 1847). Figures 46–50. MACN–In 22747, 548539S–648179W in 212 m. Figure 51. AIM
101177 (off Eddystone Rock, East Falkland Island). Scale bar for shells 5 1 cm. Figure 52. MACN–In 22747, scale bar 5 500 mm.
Figure 53. Operculum. Figure 54. Rachidian tooth, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 55. Radula without the right marginals teeth, scale bar
5 100 mm.
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 236

101177, is from off Eddystone Rock, East Falkland [Mal- cicle 20 (pages 225–240), dated July 1847, and the next
vinas] Island, Station 51. issue, fascicle 21, was dated August 1847, so an 1847
publication date is warranted for this species.
Type material: Not extant, presumably lost or never de- Powell (1951:119) described the genus Falsilunatia,
posited (Johnson, 1964:32). Neotype, AIM 101177, here- which he differentiated on the basis of the radular mor-
in designated. phology of N. soluta. Powell also considered N. recognita
Additional material examined: Uruguay: 100 miles far Mabille & Rochebrune to be a distinct species because
south Lobos Island, Uruguay (MNHN 7269); of minor differences in the radula and the parietal callus.
Argentina: 528529S–758189W, R/V Eltanin St. 288 Cr. 21, Dell (1990:148) concluded that the type specimens of N.
in 119 m, Blake trawl (USNM 870099); 53857S–55854W recognita were conspecific with F. soluta. In fact, a care-
in 1886 m, R/V Eltanin St. 377, Cr. 6, Blake trawl ful study of the syntypes leads to the conclusion that N.
(870229); 548349S–648209W in 91 m (USNM 89094); recognita is actually a junior synonym of Euspira pata-
548459S–658049W in 75 m (USNM 869103); 548539S– gonica (Philippi, 1845), as discussed below.
648179W in 212 m (MACN–In 22747); 558419S–668349W Strebel’s ‘‘form B’’ (1906:140) agrees in all respects
in 115 m (MACN–In 24973-2); Puerto Roca, Isla de los with F. soluta. Strebel’s other two nominal forms, ‘‘form
Estados in 18 m (MACN–In 21977); (off Eddystone A’’ and ‘‘form C,’’ instead seem closer to E. patagonica
Rock, East Falkland [Malvinas] Is., Stn. 51 (AIM Philippi, 1845.
101177); west of Falkland [Malvinas] Island, Stn. 244, The specimens cited by Dall (1908:335) as ‘‘Polinices
528009S–628409W (AIM 101178) (Powell, 1951); Ushua- (Euspira) solutus’’ from Perú, southwestern Chile
ia (MNHM 422). (USNM 97127) and the vicinity of the Straits of Magel-
lan, are not conspecific. I have reviewed Dall’s speci-
Literature records: R/V Discovery: St. 48, 8.3 miles N mens, and conclude that they should be referred to Ben-
538E of William Point Beacon, Port William, Falkland thobulbus (McLean, 1995:39).
[Malvinas] Is. in 105–115 m; St. 51 off Eddystone Rock, Dell (1990:figs. 250, 271) illustrated, using the name
East Falkland [Malvinas] Is. 115 m; St. WS 244 West of F. soluta, the shell of what is actually Euspira patagonica
Falkland [Malvinas] Is. 528009S–628409W in 247 m; St. Philippi, 1845 and the radula of Falsilunatia. In fact, E.
WS 808, 498409150S–658429W in 109–107 m; St. WS 817 patagonica is a valid species with a radula that is com-
528239S–648199W in 191–202 m; St. WS 766 458139S– pletely different from that of F. soluta, and it appears that
598569300W in 545 m as ‘‘Falsilunatia recognita (Roche- Dell mixed the shell of one species with the radula of
brune & Mabille)’’ (Powell, 1951); Molyneux Sound; another species.
Punta Arenas; Rio Seco in 18–36 m; Bahı́a Inútil in 18– Powell (1951:119) described the genus Falsilunatia
55 m; Ushuaia, Picton Is. in 6 m, Puerto Eugenia, Nav- based on the radula of the type species, but he never
arino Is., Chile in 18–27 m as N. soluta Gould ‘‘form B’’ illustrated the specimen from which he obtained this rad-
Strebel, 1906. ula. This shell, AIM 101177 (Figure 51) is herein des-
Distribution: According to Dell (1990:147), the latitu- ignated as the neotype of Natica soluta in order to clarify
dinal range of this species is from 378S (Buenos Aires the taxonomic status of the species, pursuant to ICZN
Article 75.3 (1999). As the shell of F. soluta was un-
province, Argentina) to Antarctica. However, the tentative
known, it has been repeatedly misidentified with other
or questionable species assignments in other publications
naticids from the southern Ocean (e.g., Dell, 1990; Ca-
cast doubt upon its actual distribution. Based upon the
tellanos & Landoni, 1990).
range as limited by Powell (1951:119) and the specimens
The primary conchological differences that make F.
personally examined for this study, F. soluta is uncom-
soluta a valid species are its low spire with a short sub-
mon and occurs only in the southern part of Patagonia,
sutural ridge; its convex whorls with impressed suture; its
Tierra del Fuego, Staten Island and the Malvinas Islands.
open umbilicus and constricted parietal callus; and the
Thus, it is herein considered to be limited to the Magel-
distinctive radula and operculum.
lanic fauna. Cantera & Arnaud (1985:60) recorded F. so-
luta from Kerguelen and Crozet Islands; those records are
probably misidentifications of N. fartilis Watson, 1881, Genus Bulbus Brown in Smith, 1839
since F. soluta is not found outside the Magellanic region. Type species: B. smithii Brown in Smith, 1839, by mon-
Remarks: Gould described N. soluta in 1847 but the il- otypy.
lustration was not published until 1852. Sherborn (1930:
6022) gave the publication date as ‘‘1848(1847)’’, which Bulbus carcellesi Dell, 1990
was followed by Dell (1990:147–148) and Kabat (1991:
Figures 56–69
429). Since Johnson (1964:150) used ‘‘1847,’’ the volume
containing the original description was examined, and it Natica globosa King & Broderip, 1832:344; Carcelles &
was determined that Gould’s paper was published in fas- Williamson, 1951:282, non N. globosa Grateloup, 1827.
Page 237 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Figures 56–65. Bulbus carcellesi Dell, 1990. Figure 56. USNM 860110, R/V Eltanin St. 974, 538329S–648579W in 119–124 m. Figures
57–59. MACN–In 22168, Puerto San Juan, Isla de los Estados, three views of shell. Figure 60. Operculum of the same shell from 57–
59. Figures 61–62. Natica globosa King and Broderip, 1832, NHM 1976107, holotype, Cape Gregory. Figures 63–65. MACN–In 12545,
Bahı́a de San Sebastián, Tierra del Fuego. Scale bar 5 1 cm.

Natica sp. Castellanos & Landoni, 1990:pl. 3, fig. 32. spiral sculpture of very weak and closed threads. Parietal
Bulbus carcellesi Dell, 1990:155–156, fig. 259; Linse, 2002: callus usually thin, low; some specimens with thickened
95, pl. 11, figs. 9.1.1.-81-83. parietal callus and basal lip. Umbilicus closed or slightly
Diagnosis: Shell large, globose; Parietal callus thin, Um- open. Umbilical callus very weak, moderately reflected,
bilical callus weak, reflected, covering umbilicus. Oper- entirely covering umbilicus. External lip thin and sharp;
culum corneous, transparent, thin. columella reflected and straight. Aperture oval, enlarged.
Shell color drab whitish.
Description: Shell (Figures 56–59, 6l–62) large, globose, Operculum large, entirely corneous, paucispiral, trans-
generally thin. Spire low, about five whorls, the last sig- parent, very thin, covering the whole aperture. Opercular
nificantly globose. Suture sloping, well defined. Axial or- nucleus subterminal, lateral, sculpture of moderately de-
namentation of regular oblique incremental growth lines, veloped growth lines (Figure 60).
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 238

Figures 66–69. Bulbus carcellesi Dell, 1990. Figure 66. Radula, MACN–In 22168, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 67. Rachidian teeth,
scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 68. Detail of the rods from jaws, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 69. jaws, scale bar 5 1000 mm.

Radula similar to that of Falsilunatia soluta, rachidian 398S–588W (MACN–In 32890); off Bahı́a Blanca in 200
tooth hemispherical, triangular with one large cusp, rach- m, ex Rios FURG 9839 (MLP 5219); Puerto Deseado,
idian base with two lateral processes and two denticles. Santa Cruz (MLP 5223); Playa Punta Sinaia, south of
Lateral tooth simple, marginals long, inner bicuspid with Cabo San Sebastián (MACN–In 12545); Puerto San Juan,
dissimilar sized cusps, outer shorter and simple (Figures Isla de los Estados (MACN–In 22168); Isla de los Esta-
66–67). dos (MACN–In 933-10); Punta Roca, Isla de los Estados
Jaws large, subtriangular; rods short, subpolygonal in 18 m (MACN–In 21979); Puerto Presidente Roca, Isla
with rounded edges; arranged diagonally (Figures 68–69). de los Estados (MLP 4335); 538329S–648579W, in 128 m
Type locality: R/V Eltanin 974, east of Tierra del Fuego, (USNM 869110); 548549S–638569W in 771–903 m
538329S, 648579W in 119–124 m [B. carcellesi]; Dell (USNM 869092); 548349S–648409W in 84–85 m (USNM
(1990) erroneously cited Station ‘‘944’’ instead of Station 869105); 548549S–648569W in 122 m (USNM 869104);
974. Cape Gregory, Straits of Magellan [N. globosa]. Patagonia (USNM 102586) (cited by Marincovich, 1977:
293).
Type material: Holotype USNM 860110, R/V Eltanin
St. 974, 538329S–648579W in 119–124 m (Figure 56); Distribution: Off Buenos Aires, Santa Cruz and Tierra
paratype NMNZ MF 56601 [Bulbus carcellesi]; NHM del Fuego provinces; Isla de los Estados. Dell (1990:157)
1976107 holotype (very damaged) [Natica globosa] (Fig- cited this species from off the Malvinas Islands and the
ures 57–58). Although Dell (1990:157) provided mea- Patagonian shelf. It is probably also found in southern
surements for two paratypes, the description specifies the
Chile.
existence of only one paratype, and I could not locate any
other putative paratype(s). Literature records: Cape Gregory, Straits of Magellan,
Additional material examined: 368349S–548059W in 64 as N. globosa (King and Broderip, 1832); R/V Eltanin
m (MACN–In 29654); 37833930S–54855930W in 192 m St. 339, Burdwood Bank, 538059S, 598319W in 512–
(MACN–In 25161-2); 378529S–558109W (MNHNM 586 m; St. 370, 538549S, 648369W in 104–115 m; St. 966,
7778); Mar del Plata (FZBRGS 14220); approximately 538409S, 668209W in 81 m; St. 967, 538429S, 668039W in
Page 239 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

229–265 m; St. 976, 528359S, 658089W in 128 m; R/V Diagnosis: Shell small, spire low; parietal callus white,
Hero St. 470, 53839.49S, 708559W in 82 m (Dell, 1990). thin. Umbilicus open, narrow. Internal lip reflected. Oper-
culum paucispiral, corneous, with solid, calcareous outer
Remarks: Natica globosa King & Broderip, 1832, was
layer.
never illustrated, which may explain why it was over-
looked in the subsequent literature. In any case, that name Description: Shell (Figures 27–35) small sized, oval,
is unavailable since it is a junior homonym of N. globosa thin; spire low, with about four or five whorls, the initial
Grateloup, 1827. The holotype of N. globosa King & whorls invariably eroded; protoconch unknown. Suture
Broderip 1832, NHM 1976107 (Figures 61–62), despite markedly impressed, last whorl almost canaliculated. Ax-
its poor condition, is clearly conspecific with Bulbus car- ial sculpture of incremental growth lines only, weakly
cellesi. marked. Spiral sculpture of faint, sinuous, irregularly
Marincovich (1977:293) cited a single specimen from spaced striae. Parietal callus white, thin but conspicuous,
‘‘Patagonia,’’ USNM 102586, which was labeled as ‘‘Po- filling posterior apertural region. Umbilicus open, narrow.
linices (Euspira) crawfordianus Dall. Cotype. Patagon- Internal lip oblique, slightly reflected over the umbilicus;
ia.’’ He suspected that this specimen and another record basal lip forming a straight angle with internal lip; exter-
of P. crawfordianus from southern Chile cited by Dall nal lip sharp and curved. Aperture semicircular and
(1908:335–336), belonged to a different species. This ma- oblique. Color of fresh shells opaque gray, with thin light
terial was studied anew and is herein identified as Bulbus brown periostracum.
carcellesi. Operculum paucispiral, corneous, thick, semicircular,
Bulbus carcellesi has some variation in the thickness with a complete, solid, calcareous layer; nucleus delim-
of the shell, the curvature of the callus, and the extent to ited; operculum covering the entire aperture; outer cor-
which the umbilicus is open. neous margins overlapping the calcareous layer.
Radulae taenioglossate 2–1–R–1–2, rachidian teeth
Genus Kerguelenatica Powell, 1951 trapezoidal with three sharp cusps, the central larger than
laterals, anterior side of base concave, posterior slightly
Type species: Kerguelenatica bioperculata Dell, 1990 (5
convex centrally and concave at tips, ending in two sharp
N. grisea von Martens, 1878 non Requiem, 1848), by
lateral processes. Lateral teeth with three cusps, central
original designation.
larger than laterals. Two marginal teeth on each side; in-
Kerguelenatica was established by Powell as a sub-
ner bifid with the inner cusp longer, outer longer and thin-
genus of Amauropsis for those species with a weak ex-
ner (fide Thiele, 1904:164; Dell, 1990:145).
ternal calcareous layer on the operculum. This distinctive
Jaws unknown.
feature seems sufficient to rank Kerguelenatica as a full
genus (in agreement with Dell, 1990:145). According to Type locality: Rhodes Bay, Kerguelen Island, ‘‘10–50
the nature of the operculum, this genus appears as inter- Faden.’’
mediate between the Polinicinae and the Naticinae. On
Type material: Holotype, ZMB Moll 25618 (Figures 27–
the other hand, its periostracum is characteristic of the
28) (Kabat and Kilias, 1991:320).
Ampullospirinae. In agreement with Marincovich (1977:
217), this genus is classified in the Polinicinae. Additional material examined: 378359S, 548559W in
192 m (MACN–In 25161); 388069S, 558139W in 460 m
Kerguelenatica bioperculata Dell, 1990 (MORG 17932 partim); approximately off Buenos Aires
in 500 m (MACN–In 32892); Falkland [Malvinas] Is.
Figures 27–35 (SMNH 2374); 508199S–508509W, South Georgia Is.
Natica grisea von Martens, 1878:24; Watson, 1886:432, pl. (SMNH 2373); 62850S–60840W, R/V Eltanin St. 437, Cr.
28, fig. 5; von Martens, 1904:64, pl. 4, figs. 2–3; Thiele, 6, in 311 m, Blake trawl, (USNM 898824).
1904:164, pl. 8, fig. 44; Strebel, 1908:61; Smith, 1915:
69, non Natica grisea Requien, 1848. Distribution: Ross Sea, Palmer Peninsula, Weddell Sea,
Amauropsis (Kerguelenatica) grisea (Martens, 1878). Pow- South Shetland Is., South Sandwich Is., South Georgia
ell, 1951:118, pl. 10, fig. 60; Clarke, 1961:363, pl. 1, Is., Malvinas Islands, Kerguelen Islands, and northeastern
fig. 6; Arnaud, 1972:125, fig. 16; Castellanos & Lan- Antarctica; off Buenos Aires province, at great depths.
doni, 1990:21, pl. 3, fig. 29h; Hain, 1990:50, pl. 3, fig.
6a–6b, pl. 30, fig. 2a–2b; Numanami, 1996:111, figs. Literature records: Rhodes Bay, Kerguelen Is. (von
72a–c. Martens, 1878); Challenger St. 149b, 498289S, 708309E in
Friginatica grisea (Martens, 1878). Hedley, 1916:52. 45 m, Royal Sound, Kerguelen Is.; St. 149d, 498289S,
Polinices (Lunatia) grisea (von Martens, 1878). David, 708139E in 51 m, Royal Sound, Kerguelen Is.; St. 149f,
1934:128.
Kerguelenatica bioperculata Dell, 1990:145, figs. 252, 253,
488559S, 698319E in 173 m, Howe’s Foreland, Kerguelen
264. (Watson, 1886); Graham Land, 64839S, 568379W in 360
Amauropsis (Kerguelenatica) delicatula (Smith, 1902). Cer- m (Strebel, 1908); R/V Discovery St. 175, Bransfield
nohorsky, 1977:107 (partim fide Dell, 1990:145). Strait, South Shetlands, 638179200S, 598489150W in 200
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 240

m; St. 456, Bouvet Is., in 40–45 m; St. 1660, Ross Sea, lip thin. Aperture large, semicircular. Fresh shells light
748469450S, 178823.49E in 351 m; St. 1952, King George brown.
Is., South Shetlands, in 367–383 m (Powell, 1951); Operculum paucispiral, semicircular, entirely corneous,
around Antarctic continent from 498E to 1408E in the transparent, brownish in color, with incremental growth
Ross Sea, off Antarctic Peninsula, off South Shetland, lines (Figure 75).
South Sandwich, Bouvet, South Georgia and Kerguelen Radula taenioglossate; rachidian tooth with a promi-
Is. (Dell, 1990); Breid Bay, northeastern Antarctica in nent central cusp and two very short subsidiary ones.
270–289 m (Numanami, 1996). Rachidian base with two lateral prolongations and two
central denticles. Lateral tooth with one central cusp that
Remarks: Dell (1990:145) noted that N. grisea was pre-
is sharp and extremely large, and two denticles on either
occupied by Requien, 1848, and proposed the replace-
side. Two simple and long marginals (Figure 78).
ment name K. bioperculata. Cernohorsky (1977:107) pre-
Jaws subquadrangular with thin enlarged, imbricated
viously noted this synonymy, but used N. delicatula as
rods, arranged vertically (Figures 79–80).
the first available name. Dell (1990:145) rejected Cer-
nohorsky’s usage, because Dell determined that N. deli- Type locality: USFC Albatross station 2783, 518029300S,
catula was a distinct species referable to the genus Fal- 748089300W, off Southern Chile, in 122 fathoms (223 m).
silunatia.
Carcelles (1953:186–187, pl. 3, fig. 47) cited this spe- Type material: Holotype USNM 97093 (Figures 70–73).
cies, but examination of his specimens reveals that both Dall (1908:338) also cited material from two other sta-
are misidentified: MACN–In 18963 is Amauropsis an- tions that actually belong to a different species and were
derssoni (Strebel, 1906) and MACN–In 18961 is A. au- excluded by Kabat (1996a:19) from the type series.
reolutea (Strebel, 1908).
Kerguelenatica bioperculata has a remarkably broad Additional material examined: Atlantis II expedition,
distribution including records from Antarctica, the sub- 368189S, 538249W, 310 m (MACN–In 35952); Atlantis II,
antarctic region, and South America. It is possible that 368179S, 538289W, 150 m (MACN–In 35960); 378119S,
more than one species is encompassed in the current spe- 548249W ex J. Broggi (personal collection); Mar del Plata,
cies concept of K. bioperculata. However, the specimens Argentina in 95 m (MORG 19634); 52855S–75800W, in
studied herein were limited to empty shells and further 101 m (USNM 870444).
anatomical study is required.
Distribution: Only known from the type locality and off
Genus Euspira Agassiz in J. Sowerby, 1837 Buenos Aires province.

Type species: Natica glaucinoides J. Sowerby, 1812. Literature records: There are no published records of
this species other than its original description and the
Euspira strebeli Dall, 1908 checklist of Carcelles & Williamson (1951).

Figures 70–80 Remarks: Euspira strebeli is a rare species that has never
been previously illustrated. The material collected from
Polinices (Euspira) strebeli Dall, 1908:338.
Polynices strebeli Dall, 1908. Carcelles & Williamson, off Rio de la Plata and Buenos Aires province proved to
1951:281. be conspecific with the type material and significantly
extends its geographic range. The umbilicus, which is al-
Diagnosis: Shell small, subquadrate, solid; Spire very most closed by the umbilical callus, is similar to that of
short; Parietal callus thick, umbilical callus fused with some globose specimens of T. impervia. However, the
parietal callus. Umbilicus moderately open, umbilical radula and operculum of these two species are quite dis-
wall with a narrow furrow. Operculum corneous, trans- tinct. The radula of E. strebeli has a characteristically
parent. lengthed central rachidian cusp that is similar to that of
Description: Shell (Figures 70–74, 76–77) small to me- Euspira grossularia Marche-Marchad, 1957, a tropical
dium sized, subquadrate profile, solid, moderately thick. Eastern Atlantic species.
Spire very short with 4½–5 convex whorls, narrow sub- Natica dilecta Gould, 1848, was never collected sub-
sutural ramp, last whorl inflated; protoconch unknown. sequent to its original description (Gould, 1848:73; 1852:
Suture impressed. Axial sculpture of weak, oblique in- 213, pl. 15, fig. 255; 1862:50, 244) and the type material
cremental growth lines. Parietal callus moderately thick, is lost (Johnson, 1964:68). It was collected from the
sometimes filling posterior apertural angle, anterior lobe mouth of the Rio Negro, Argentina, which is within the
weak, overlapping umbilicus; umbilical callus fused with geographical range of E. strebeli. The two species are
parietal callus. Umbilicus moderately open, leaving a nar- superficially similar; some differences in the umbilical
row chink; umbilical wall with a narrow furrow. Anterior morphology suggest that further study is required to de-
internal lip thickened; external lip thin and sharp; basal termine whether they are distinct taxa or synonyms.
Page 241 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Figures 70–77. Euspira strebeli Dall, 1908. Figures 70–73. USNM 97093, holotype, Albatross station 2783, 51829300S–74889300W
off Southern Chile in 223 m. Figure 73. Holotype, coated with ammonium chloride. Figure 74. MACN–In 35952, Atlantis II expedition,
368189S–538249W in 310 m, collected on March 29, 1974. Figures 75–77. 378119S–548249W ex J. Broggi personal collection, operculum
and two views of a shell. Scale bar 5 1 cm.

Euspira constricta Dall, 1908 sutural ramp small, last whorl globose; protoconch un-
known. Suture impressed. Axial sculpture of incremental
Figures 81–83 growth lines only; spiral subsutural striae present. Parietal
Polinices (Euspira) constrictus Dall, 1908:337. callus thick, filling posterior apertural angle, umbilical
Polynices constrictus Dall, 1908. Carcelles & Williamson, callus strong, fused with parietal callus; Umbilicus deep,
1951:281. wide. Anterior internal lip thickened; external lip thin and
Diagnosis: Shell medium sized, thick; Parietal callus sharp (Figures 81–83).
thick, umbilical callus strong, fused with parietal callus; Operculum and soft parts unknown.
Umbilicus wide, open.
Type locality: Albatross station 2780, Archipiélago de la
Description: Shell medium to large sized, suboval, solid, Reina Adelaida, Chile, 538019000S, 738429300W in 369
thick; spire moderately high with 5½ convex whorls, sub- fathoms (675 m).
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 242

Figures 78–80. Euspira strebeli Dall, 1908. Figure 78. Radula, ex J. Broggi personal collection, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 79. Detail
of jaw showing rods, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 80. Jaw, scale bar 5 100 mm.

Type material: Holotype USNM 97065 (Figures 81–83) Euspira patagonica (Philippi, 1845)
(Kabat, 1996a:9).
Figures 84–101
Additional material examined: No additional specimens Natica patagonica Philippi, 1845a:65; 1845b:41, pl. 2, fig.
were found. 2; Hupé in Gay, 1854:221; Philippi, 1855:205; Tryon,
1886:37, pl. 14, fig. 24; Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889:
Distribution: Only known from the type locality. 35; Strebel, 1906:137, pl. 11, fig. 63; Strebel, 1908:61.
N. magellanica ‘‘Philippi’’ Hombron & Jacquinot, 1854:64,
Literature records: There is no mention of this species pl. 16, figs. 28–29; Philippi, 1855:207; Tryon, 1886:37,
other than the original description and the checklist of pl. 21, fig. 12; Strebel, 1906:136.
N. recognita Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Ma-
Carcelles & Williamson (1951).
bille, 1889:33, pl. 3, fig. 5.
Polinices (Euspira) vaginatus Dall, 1908:336.
Remarks: As far as I have determined, Euspira constric-
Natica soluta Gould ‘‘Form C major’’ Strebel, 1906:141, pl.
ta has never been collected subsequent to its original de- 11, fig. 64; 1908:60.
scription. Despite the inadequate knowledge of this spe- N. soluta Gould ‘‘Form A’’ Strebel, 1906:140, pl. 11, fig.
cies, it seems to be properly classified in Euspira. 62a, b; 1908:60.

Figures 81–83. Polinices constrictus Dall, 1908. USNM 97065, holotype, Albatross St. 2780, Archipiélago de la Reina Adelaida,
Chile, 53819S–738429300W in 675 m. Scale bar 5 1 cm.
Page 243 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Figures 84–97. Euspira patagonica (Philippi, 1845). Figures 84–85. Holotype, MNHNS unnumbered, Straits of Magellan. Figure 86.
MACN–In 35953, Puerto Madryn. Figures 87–89. MACN–In 23815, 458099S–668279W, Fondeadero Restinga Aristizabal in 15 m.
Figures 90–91. Natica recognita Rochebrune and Mabille, 1889, syntype, MNHN, Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuego. Figures 92–93. Natica
recognita Rochebrune and Mabille, 1889, syntype, MNHN, Orange Bay. Figure 94. MACN–In 35953, Puerto Madryn. Figures 95–97.
MACN–In 23815, other specimen.
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 244

Figures 98–101. Euspira patagonica (Philippi, 1845). Figure 98. Radula, MACN–In 23844, 458089S–668289W, scale bar 5 100 mm.
Figure 99. Radula MACN–In 23844, other specimen, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 100. MACN–In 23844, jaws detail showing rods
from the sector of figure 101, scale bar 5 30 mm. Figure 101. Jaw, scale bar 5 100 mm.

N. soluta Gould ‘‘Form D’’ Strebel, 1906:141, pl. 11, fig. leoconch. Ornamentation limited to growth lines. Parietal
66. callus thin but present, white, filling posterior apertural
Natica subantarctica Preston, 1913:219, pl. 4, fig. 1 (not 2
angle. Umbilicus always open, deep. Umbilical callus
as stated).
Polinices patagonicus (Philippi, 1845). Powell, 1951:118; weak, slightly covering the internal umbilical margin.
Powell, 1960:145; Linse, 2002:95–97, pl. 11, fig. Basal lip thickened. Live specimens with a dirty yellow-
9.1.1-84-86. ish, somewhat dark periostracum; dead shells invariably
Polynices patagonica (Philippi, 1845). Carcelles & William- chalky white.
son, 1951:281; Carce1les, 1953:185. Operculum corneous, semicircular covering entire ap-
P. patagonica (Philippi, 1845). Richards & Craig, 1963:139; erture, typically with a thin calcareous layer partially cov-
Linse, 1997:35.
Friginatica recognita (Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889). Dell,
ering the external margin. Paucispiral subterminal nucle-
1972:35. us; opercular sculpture of growth lines only; opercular
Falsilunatia soluta sensu Dell, 1990:147, fig. 250; Castel- margins smooth, inner moderately straight, outer convex
lanos & Landoni, 1990:22, pl. 3, figs. 5, 28, non Fal- (Figures 87, 89).
silunatia soluta (Gould, 1847). Radula taenioglossate, similar to basic naticid formula.
Falsilunatia patagonica (Philippi, 1845). Dell, 1990:148, Rachidian tooth trapezoidal with three cusps, central larg-
fig. 248; Linse, 1999:401.
er than laterals, rachidian base with two lateral prolon-
Diagnosis: Shell large, globose, solid; Suture nearly can- gations and two central processes. Lateral teeth with one
aliculated; Parietal callus thin. Umbilicus open, deep. large cusp and two or three vestigial cusps towards the
Umbilical callus weak. Operculum corneous with a thin central. Two enlarged marginals, inner bifid, outer simple
calcareous layer. (Figures 98–99).
Jaws oval enlarged, pyriform. Anterior side with pro-
Description: Shell (Figures 84–97) moderately to large
jection rods. Rods rhomboidal arranged in diagonal lines
sized, globose, moderately thickened. Spire low to slight-
(Figures 100–101).
ly developed, four to five convex whorls, last whorl very
globose. Suture impressed, nearly canaliculated. Proto- Distribution: Based on the material seen, the distribution
conch smooth, transparent, imperceptible transition to te- of E. patagonica is from 378S, southern Buenos Aires
Page 245 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

province, to the Patagonian coast, Straits of Magellan, cluded that this species should be classified in the tropical
Tierra del Fuego and Isla de los Estados. Dell (1990:148) genus Polinices, but she did not compare this species with
cited this species from Malvinas and South Georgia Is. any known taxa of Euspira.
Natica patagonica was originally described by Philippi
Type locality: [N. patagonica] Straits of Magellan; [N.
(1845a) based solely on shell characters; Philippi (1845b,
subantarctica] Falkland [Malvinas] Is., [N. recognita]
pl. 2, fig. 2) illustrated a large and worn specimen, and
Orange Bay in 120 m.
remarked that the ‘‘periostracum’’ is yellowish brown in
Type material: Holotype of N. patagonica in MNHNS color.
(Philippi, 1845b, plate 2, fig. 2) illustrated herein in fig- Philippi (1855) subsequently published a list of the
ures 84–85 (length 5 33.8 mm; width 5 31.8 mm). The mollusks of the Straits of Magellan in an obscure paper
type material of Natica subantarctica Preston, 1913 was (translated to German: Philippi, 1857), which pointed out
not found. Two syntypes of N. recognita in MNHN are that Hombron & Jacquinot (1854) described N. magel-
illustrated in figures 90–91 and 92–93. lanica ‘‘Philippi.’’ Philippi (1855:206) stated that he nev-
er described any such species. Hombron & Jacquinot’s
Additional material examined: Argentina: Off Rı́o de
figure of N. magellanica (1854, pl. 16, figs. 28, 29) looks
la Plata (SMNH 1331); 378509S–568119W (SMNH 2251);
quite similar to E. patagonica (Philippi, 1845). It seems
378359S–548559W in 192 m (MACN–In 25161-3);
probable that these authors confused the specific name
448169S, 658129W in 46 m (MACN–In 23739); Puerto
‘‘patagonica’’ with ‘‘magellanica.’’ Unfortunately, Hom-
Madryn (MACN–In 35953); Puerto Madryn (MACN–In
bron & Jacquinot’s material of N. magellanica, which
9171-18); 458099S–668279W, fondeadero Restinga Aristi-
should be in the MNHN, is not extant.
zabal in 15 m (MACN–In 23815); 458089S–668289W in
Philippi (1855:205) also stated that his E. patagonica
15 m (MACN–In 23844); Puerto Deseado, Santa Cruz
is a synonym of N. globosa King & Broderip, 1832. The
(MLP 4723); Straits of Magellan (USNM 97126 and
type material of N. globosa (NHM 1976107), despite its
USNM 106873); Bahı́a Inútil (SMNH 1323); Straits of
bad condition, is easily distinguishable as Bulbus carcel-
Magellan (SMNH 1332); Punta Sinaia, Tierra del Fuego
lesi Dell, 1990, a distinct species (Figures 57–58).
(MACN–In 12550); Puerto Hoppner, Isla de los Estados
Euspira patagonica was confused by several authors
(MACN–In 22550); Puerto Roca, Isla de los Estados in
with F. soluta because of their similar general appear-
18 m (MACN–In 21977); 548399S–648069W (MACN–In
ance. However, E. patagonica has a higher spire with a
22637); Puerto Basil Hall, Isla de los Estados in 86 m
nearly canaliculated suture, particularly in adult speci-
(MACN–In 22241); Isla Observatorio, in 18–36 m
mens, and a different form of umbilical callus, which
(MACN–In 22038); 558419S–668349W in 115 m
clearly separates these two species. Further, Falsilunatia
(MACN–In 24973-1); Ushuaia (MACN–In 13584); Ush-
soluta is more globose with a lower spire and a short
uaia (MACN–In 14617); Puerto Eugenia (SMNH 1339);
subsutural ramp. The striae are conspicuous in F. soluta,
538069S–678049W, in 86 m, R/V Hero, St. 450, cr.702.
but faint in E. patagonica. The yellowish opaque perio-
(USNM 898487).
stracum of E. patagonica is distinct from the dull gray to
Chile: Puerto Harris, Isla Dawson, Chile (MACN–In bright white periostracum of F. soluta. Dell’s statement
12264); 538509S, 708409W, Bahı́a Lomas, Isla Dawson, (1990:148) about the similarity of E. patagonica with F.
Chile in 16 m (MACN–In 12458). soluta that: ‘‘there are no real characters by which it can
be distinguished from soluta except size,’’ demonstrates
Literature records: Punta Arenas, Ushuaia, Picton Is.,
that he misunderstood F. soluta, and he only examined
Feuerland, Puerto Pantalón; Malvinas [Falkland] Is.;
two specimens of N. patagonica, one live collected and
Puerto Madryn, Schwedischen Sudpolar Expedition, St.
the other larger and worn. Further, Dell classified this
2, 378509S, 568119W in 100 m, St. 3 548439S, 64889W in
species in Falsilunatia because of its supposed resem-
36 m, St. 39 Port Williams, 518409S, 578049W in 40 m
blance to F. soluta. The radula of E. patagonica is ac-
(Strebel, 1906, 1908); Falkland [Malvinas] Is. (Preston,
tually quite different and does not support Dell’s generic
1913); R/V Discovery St. 158, 538489300S, 358579W in
placement.
401–411 m, St. WS 247, 528409S, 608059W in 127 m
Polinices (Euspira) vaginatus Dall, 1908, has never
(Powell, 1951); R/V E1tanin St. 966 538359S, 668209W
been previously illustrated. The syntypes studied herein,
in 81 m (Dell, 1990).
USNM 96231, 97126, 106873, and 678711, from Alba-
Remarks: Natica patagonica is currently classified in tross Stations 2778 and 2779, Straits of Magellan, show
Euspira, based on shell characters, because the type spe- that it falls within the range of variation of E. patagonica.
cies of the latter genus is extinct. Linse (2002:97) cor- The supposedly distinctive folds of the lower part of
rectly rejected the placement of this species in Falsilun- the columella described by Preston (1913) for Natica sub-
atia by Dell (1990:148), since the radula of these two antarctica, fall within the range of variation of E. pata-
genera are quite distinct, particularly in the number of gonica. Therefore, it is concluded that these taxa are syn-
cusps on the marginal teeth. Linse (2002:97) then con- onyms. Unfortunately Preston’s type material, which was
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 246

Figures 102–110. Amauropsis anderssoni (Strebel, 1906). Figures 102–104. Syntype, ZHM 2952, St. 22 of the Schwedischen Südpolar-
Expedition, 548179S–368289W, South Georgia Is. in 75 m. Figure 105. Syntype, ZHM 2953, St. 22. Figure 106. Syntype, ZHM 2953,
St. 22. Figures 107. Syntype, ZHM 2954, St. 17. Figures 108–110. Amauropsis powelli Dell, 1990, USNM 860103, holotype, R/V
Eltanin St. 1535, 538519S–378389W in 97–101 m. Scale bar 5 1 cm.

possibly sold to a private collector, was not found at the fine series of preserved specimens, housed at the MACN,
NHM. provides for an unambiguous description of this species.
Two syntypes of Natica recognita Rochebrune & Ma-
bille, 1889, are housed at the MNHN (Figures 90–93); Euspira falklandica (Preston, 1913)
both fall within the range of variation of E. patagonica.
Euspira patagonica is apparently a fairly common spe- Figures 124–136
cies along the Patagonian coast. However most of the ? Natica sp. Strebel, 1906:140, pl. 11, fig. 65.
large specimens in museum collections are worn, beach Natica falklandica Preston, 1913:218, pl. 4, fig. 2.
collected, and lack details of their color or operculum. A Falsilunatia falklandica (Preston, 1913). Powell, 1951:120,
Page 247 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Figures 111–113. Amauropsis anderssoni (Strebel, 1906). Figure 111. MACN–In 18962, Larsen Harbor, South Georgia Is. in 27 m,
scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 112. Detail of jaws showing rods from the sector in figure 113, scale bar 5 20 mm. Figure 113. Jaws,
scale bar 5 500 mm.

pl. 10, fig. 61; Carcelles & Williamson, 1951:282; Cas- Distribution: This species is restricted to the vicinity of
tellanos & Landoni, 1990:23, pl. 3, fig. 26. Malvinas Islands.
Diagnosis: Shell large, globose, Spire high; whorls or-
Literature records: Port Stanley, Falkland [Malvinas] Is.
namented with growth lines crossed with gentle spiral
threads. Umbilicus open, deep. Operculum corneous. (Powell, 1951).

Description: Shell (Figures 124–131, 133) moderately to Remarks: The generic placement of E. falklandica re-
large sized, globose, thick. Spire slightly developed, four mains tentative. The shell form agrees with the general
to five convex whorls, last whorl very globose. Proto- morphology of other species classified in Euspira, and
conch unknown. Suture impressed. Ornamentation of the radula is consistent with those described for other
growth lines crossed by spiral threads, forming a char- species of that genus. This species has a similar mor-
acteristic pattern. Parietal callus moderately developed, phology to some specimens of E. patagonica (Philippi,
filling the posterior apertural angle. Umbilicus open, 1845); however, the umbilicus of falklandica is usually
deep, narrowed by the reflected internal lip. Basal lip half closed by the callus and it has a higher spire. Powell
thickened. Aperture oval, moderately developed. (1951) suggested that falklandica could be classified in
Fresh shells yellow to whitish in color, with a very faint Falsilunatia. However, he did not study the radula of falk-
periostracum. landica. Castellanos & Landoni (1990), without expla-
Operculum semicircular, paucispiral, nucleus subter- nation, classified this species in Falsilunatia, presumably
minal lateral, covering the whole aperture; sculpture of because they followed Powell’s suggestion. In fact, the
growth lines only, entirely corneous but with thin, cal- radula of E. falklandica has no similarity with that of F.
careous portions in some sectors; smooth margins (Figure soluta; on the contrary it is similar to that of E. patagon-
132). ica. There are minor differences: E. falklandica has only
Radula taenioglossate. Rachidian tooth trapezoidal, one cusp on the lateral tooth when E. patagonica has
slightly concave, with three cusps, central larger than lat- usually two or more; the rods on the jaws are slightly
erals, anterior rachidian base straight. Lateral teeth with different; and the spiral threads that are characteristic of
only one large triangular cusp. Two short marginals, inner E. falklandica are absent in E. patagonica.
bifid, outer simple, longer (Figure 134). Numanami (1996:115–116) described and illustrated a
Jaws pyriform. Rods rhomboidal, smooth, arranged in specimen that he identified as Falsilunatia falklandica
vertical lines (Figures 135–136).
from Breid Bay, northeastern Antarctica, in 310 m. Based
Type material: The type material was not found at the on his description and illustration, this is definitely a dif-
NHM where most of Preston’s material is housed; it is ferent species that probably is Falsilunatia notorcadensis
probably lost (fide K. Way, personal communication). Dell, 1990.

Type locality: Port Stanley, Falkland [Malvinas] Islands.

Genus Polinices Montfort, 1810
Additional material examined: Malvinas [Falkland] Is.
(NHM 1869.6.5.37); West Falkland [Malvinas] (NHM Type species: Polinices albus Montfort, 1810, by original
193.2.l8.44–56). designation.
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 248

Figures 114–123. Amauropsis aureolutea (Strebel, 1908). Figure 114. SMNH 4635, Holotype, 648369S–578429W. Figure 115. N. sub-
pallescens Strebel, 1908, SMNH 4762, holotype. Figures 116. N. georgiana Strebel, 1908, syntype, SMNH 4761. Figure 117. same
specimen of Figure 116, scale bar 5 1 cm. Figure 118. MACN–In 33948, 708349S–488399W. Figure 119. MACN–In 33947, Bahı́a
Luna, Livingston Is., South Shetland. Figure 120. Natica godfroyi Lamy, 1910, holotype, MHNP. Figure 121. MACN–In 33948. Figure
122. Radula, MACN–In 33948, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 123. MACN–In 33948, scale bar 5 100 mm.

Polinices sp., cf. Polinices uber high; Parietal callus thickened; Umbilicus open, Umbili-
(Valenciennes, 1832) cal callus, smooth, with funicle. Operculum corneous.

Figures 137–141 Description: Shell (Figure 137–139) medium sized, glo-

bose elongated, solid; 4 convex whorls, last two whorls
Diagnosis: Shell medium sized, globose, solid; Spire enlarged. Spire high. Suture moderately impressed. Pro-
Page 249 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Figures 124–133. Euspira falklandica (Preston, 1913). Figures 124–126. NHM 1936.2.18.44–56, West Falkland Is. Figures 127–129.
Other specimen from the same lot. Figures 130–133 NHM 1869.6.537, Malvinas Is. Scale bar 5 1 cm.

toconch of 1½ whorls, smooth, translucent, with promi- Radula taenioglossate; rachidian trapezoidal, wider
nent transition to teleoconch. Ornamentation of faintly than longer, with three cusps extending beyond the base;
regular growth lines; spiral ornamentation of microscopic central cusp slightly wider and longer than the laterals,
densely arranged sinuous ribs. Parietal callus thickened, base with two lateral prolongations and two central pro-
filling the apertural posterior angle, anterior lobe weakly cesses. Lateral teeth with one large cusp and two or more
differentiated over the umbilicus. Umbilicus open, vir- vestigial cusps extending towards the rachidian. Two
gule-shaped. Umbilical callus, smooth, funicle present. marginals, inner bifid, with similar sized cusps, outer
External and basal lip slightly thickened. Aperture semi- smooth and monocuspate (Figure 141).
circular, oblique (prosocline). Periostracum brownish, Jaws unknown.
covering the whole shell. Shell color drab white.
Operculum corneous semicircular, paucispiral, thin;
translucent but dark in color; regular growth lines only Material examined: Puerto Crossley, Isla de los Estados
(Figure 140). (MACN–In 22509-2).
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 250

Figure 134–136. Euspira falklandica (Preston, 1913). Figure 134. Radula, scale bar 5 100 mm. Figure 135. Jaws, scale bar 5 500 mm.
Figure 136. Detail of jaws showing rods, scale bar 5 100 mm.

Figures 137–141. Polinices cf. P.. uber (Valenciennes, 1857). Figures 137–139. MACN–In 22509-2 Puerto Crossley, Isla de los Estados.
Figure 140. Operculum. Scale bar 5 1 cm. Figure 141. Radula, scale bar 5 100 mm.
Page 251 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Figure 142. General map showing most of the localities mentioned in text.
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 252

Distribution: Known only from Puerto Crossley, Isla de apertural margin. Umbilicus chink-like or nearly closed,
los Estados, Argentina. umbilical callus absent. Columella slightly thickened. Ap-
erture semicircular, depressed; inner lip oblique, outer
Remarks: Marincovich (1977:248) mentioned, but did
sharp. Basal lip of aperture slightly thickened. Periostrac-
not discuss, the existence of several other cold-water Chi-
um thick, olive to brownish, covering entire shell.
lean and Peruvian representatives of this problematic
Operculum corneous, paucispiral, sculpture limited to
group included in the ‘‘species-group’’ of P. uber. I stud-
growth lines. Opercular suture prominent, ridged (Figure
ied only one specimen that undoubtedly belongs to this
108).
group, and I prefer to keep the uncertain species assign-
Radula taenioglossate; rachidian with three thick cusps,
ment pending collection and study of additional speci-
central larger than laterals. Anterior rachidian margin
mens.
moderately concave, the base with two lateral and two
central processes. Two laterals, each with a conspicuous
Subfamily Ampullospirinae Cox, 1930 central cusp, outer lateral short and inner lateral vestigial.
Genus Amauropsis Mörch, 1857 Two marginals, inner bicuspid, outer simple and slightly
longer (Figure 111).
Type species: Natica helicoides Johnston, 1835 [5 Ner- Jaws oval, enlarged with diagonally arranged rods,
ita islandica Gmelin, 1791], by subsequent designation forming anterior projections. Rods with numerous septa
(Dall, 1909). (Figures 112–113).
Marincovich (1977:215–216) included this genus in the
subfamily Ampullospirinae. According to his classifica- Type locality: 548179S–368289W, South Georgia Is. in 75
tion, this subfamily encompasses species with thin, elon- m, St. 22 of the Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition [A.
gated shells, spiral striae, and canaliculated sutures. How- anderssoni]; R/V Eltanin St. 1535, 538519S–378389W in
ever, Marincovich (1977:217) also suggested that the spe- 97–101 m [A. powelli].
cies included by Powell (1951) in Amauropsis (i.e., A.
Type material: There are four lots housed at ZHM from
anderssoni, A. aureolutea, A. rossiana, and A. georgi-
the Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition. The material
ana), could be classified in a different genus from the
from Station 22 apparently is the specimen figured by
arctic Amauropsis based on their radula and lack of a
Strebel (Figures 102–104).
channeled suture. Dell (1990:138–140) proposed to en-
large the diagnosis of Amauropsis to include the Antarctic Additional material examined: Larsen Harbour, South
and antiboreal species. Dell’s approach is followed here- Georgia Is. in 27 m (MACN–In 18962); Stromness Bay,
in; however, further studies may lead to the conclusion South Georgia Is. in 44 m (MACN–In 18966, 18967 and
that these species should be classified in a separate genus, 18968); Stromness Bay, South Georgia Is. (SMNH 3091);
and are not congeneric with Amauropsis. Schlieper Bay, South Georgia Is. in 36 m (MACN–In
18964); Cumberland Bay, South Georgia Is. in 36 m
Amauropsis anderssoni (Strebel, 1906) (MACN–In 18960); Wilson Harbor, South Georgia Is. in
26 m (MACN–In 18963); 518409S–578419W, Port Wil-
Figures 102–113 liams, Malvinas Is. (SMNH 2366); 548249S–368229W,
Natica anderssoni Strebel, 1906:142, pl. 11, figs. 67a–b, South Georgia Is. (SMNH 2367); 548249S–368269W,
1908:61, pl. 5, fig. 64a–b; Carcelles, 1950:58; Richards South Georgia Is. (SMNH 2368); Grytviken, South Geor-
& Craig, 1963:139, pl. 3, fig. 6. gia Is. (SMNH 2369 and 2370); 548179S–368289W, South
Amauropsis anderssoni (Strebel, 1906). Powell, 1951:116; Georgia Is. (SMNH 4612); Cumberland Bay, South Geor-
Carcelles & Williamson, 1951:283; Carcelles, 1953:
gia Is. (SMNH 2371 and 2771); 54822lorS–368289W
186; Powell, 1960:114; Castellanos, 1970:59, pl. 3, fig.
13; Castellanos & Landoni, 1990:19, pl. 3, fig. 34; Dell, (SMNH 2772); South Georgia Is. (MNHN 357); 548179S–
1990:140, figs. 245, 265. 36828lorW, St. 22 of the Schwedischen Südpolar-Expe-
Amauropsis powelli Dell, 1990:144, fig. 246–268. dition (SSE), South Georgia Is. in 75 m (ZMH 2952,
2953); 538349S–438239W, Shag Rock Bank, in 160 m
Diagnosis: Shell medium sized; Spire short; Parietal cal- (ZMH 2954); 548119S–368189W, St. 34 of the SSE, Cum-
lus thin; Umbilicus chink-like; Periostracum thick, berland Bay, South Georgia Is., in 252–310 m (ZMH
brownish. Columella thickened. Operculum corneous. 2956).
Distribution: South Georgia and Malvinas Is.
Description: Shell (Figures 102–107, 109–110) medium
sized, depressed, solid. Spire low with about four convex Remarks: Amauropsis powelli Dell, 1990, was described
whorls, the last globose. Protoconch and early teleoconch as a distinct species of Amauropsis based on its umbilical
usually eroded. Suture impressed, sculpture limited to features. However, the type series of A. anderssoni and
thin growth lines. Parietal callus white, thin and extend- A. powelli, and material from the same geographic region,
ing over the umbilicus at an acute angle with the posterior shows much variation in this character, and I therefore
Page 253 The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

conclude that A. powelli is a junior synonym of A. an- 18961); South Georgia Is. (MACN–In 33946); 708349S–
derssoni (Strebel, 1906). 488399W (MACN–In 33948); 648369S–578429W, South
West of Snow Hill Is. (SMNH 4635); 62841S–57851W, in
Amauropsis aureolutea (Strebel, 1908) 1120 m, R/V Eltanin St. 428, Cr. 6 (USNM 870298);
54828S–35839W in 249 m, R/V Professor Siedlecki St.
Figures 114–123 64, Cr. 601 (USNM 897552); 548399S–378229W in 150
Natica aureolutea Strebel, 1908:63, pl. 5, fig. 63a, b. m, R/V Siedlecki St. 47, Cr. 601 (USNM 897514);
? Natica subpallescens Strebel, 1908:62, pl. 5, fig. 67. 558019S–378069W in 282 m, R/V Siedlecki St. 50, Cr. 601
? Natica georgiana Strebel, 1908:62, pl. 5, fig. 65a, b. (USNM 897509); 548059S–388259W in 207 m, R/V Sied-
? Natica Godfroyi Lamy, 1910:322. lecki St. 24, Cr. 601 (USNM 897520); 548099S–388159W
? N. xantha Watson. Lamy, 1911:23, fig. 1.
in 227 m, R/V Siedlecki St. 18, Cr. 601 (USNM 897554);
? Lunatia bransfieldensis Preston, 1916:270, fig. 2.
Amauropsis aureolutea (Strebel, 1908). Powell, 1951:116, 538409S–368489W in 192 m, R/V Siedlecki St. 105, Cr.
fig. 42; Carcelles, 1953:186; Dell, 1990:142, figs. 241– 601 (USNM 897540); 548439S–358139W in 306 m, R/V
266. Siedlecki St. 81, Cr. 601 (USNM 897530).
Amauropsis georgianus (Strebel, 1908). Powell, 1951:117;
Castellanos & Landoni, 1990:20, pl. 3, fig. 29g; Nu- Distribution: South Georgia, South Orkney, South Sand-
manami, 1996:109, figs. 70a–c. wich and South Shetland Is., Antarctic Peninsula and
Amauropsis rossiana sensu Hain, 1990:49, pl. 3, figs. 3a, b. probably Gunnerus Bank and Breid Bay in NE Antarctica
non Smith, 1907. (as A. georgianus in Numanami, 1996). Hain (1990) il-
Diagnosis: Shell very large; thin; Spire moderately high, lustrated and recorded this species as A. rossiana from
suture with a gentle subsutural furrow. Periostracum red- the Weddell Sea.
dish. Umbilicus with a white umbilical callus reflexed. Remarks: All three species described by Strebel (1908)
Operculum corneous. from the Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition, Natica
georgiana, N. subpallescens, and N. aureolutea are ju-
Description: Shell (Figures 114–121) large, probably the
venile specimens that have few, if any, significant differ-
largest Patagonian naticid, globose, spire moderately el-
ences. In addition, two of these three species where col-
evated, with about 4½ whorls, the first teleoconch whorl
lected from the same area by different expeditions, which
eroded; last whorl well developed; protoconch unknown.
makes it difficult to determine which nominal taxa should
Suture impressed; shallow subsutural furrow. Spiral striae
be treated as a valid species.
across entire shell. Periostracum reddish to dark brown,
Natica subpallescens was never cited again after its
entirely covering shell. Umbilicus filled by white umbil-
original description. The holotype is illustrated in Figure
ical callus which is reflected over the umbilicus. Parietal
115, and is quite similar to some specimens of A. aureo-
callus reduced, filling posterior apertural angle; basal ap-
lutea which have a slightly open umbilicus. The holotype
ertural lip slightly thickened. Aperture large, oval and
of A. aureolutea is a juvenile specimen which is difficult
semicircular.
to compare with the more common adult specimens (Fig-
Operculum corneous, semicircular, paucispiral; slightly
ure 114).
larger than the aperture and concave in order to seal the
Numanami (1996) identified a specimen of this species
aperture; translucent, dark, with a wide spiral suture in
as A. georgianus, on the basis of the supposedly different
the early whorls (Figures 114–117, 119).
bicuspid lateral tooth of A. aureolutea. He made this com-
Radula taenioglossate; rachidian teeth trapezoidal with
parison using the illustration by Powell (1951) of the rad-
three sharp cusps, central can be large; base with two
ula of A. aureolutea. However, as is evident in Figure
lateral and two central processes. Lateral teeth with three
121, the lateral tooth can have some variation, as does
cusps, of which central is three times larger than the al-
the inner marginal which is usually bifid. Therefore, I
most obsolete laterals that are. Two marginal teeth; inner
instead consider Numanami’s material to be A. aureolu-
bifid with the inner cusp slightly smaller than outer cusp,
tea.
outer teeth smooth, short (Figure 122).
Lamy (1910) described N. godfroyi from King George
Jaws oval; large rods diagonally arranged in braided
Is. in the Antarctic Peninsula, but made no mention of
fashion (Figure 123).
Strebel’s work. Lamy’s material (MNHN), never illus-
Type locality: 648369S–578429W, South West of Snow trated, is a fairly worn and repaired specimen, which
Hill Is. could probably be identified as A aureolutea. In addition,
Lamy (1911:23) illustrated material that he identified as
Type material: SMNH 4635, a juvenile specimen.
‘‘N. xantha Watson’’ from Cumberland Bay, South Geor-
Additional material examined: Bahı́a Luna, Livingston gia Island, but Watson’s species was actually described
Is., South Shetland (MACN–In 33947); Bay of Island, from Kerguelen Island, in the southern Indian Ocean. In
South Georgia Is. in 24 m (MACN–In 18965); Droning fact, Lamy’s illustration of ’’N. xantha’’ corresponds to
Maud Harbour, South Georgia Is. in 46 m (MACN–In the general appearance of A. aureolutea.
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 254

Preston (1916) described Lunatia bransfieldensis, col- nominal naticid species from these faunas, based primar-
lected from fish stomachs in the Bransfield Straits, South ily on the present study and Dell (1990), although further
Shetland Island. The type material of this species was not research is required to determine the status and range of
found at NHM. The illustration in the original description the Antarctic and antiboreal taxa.
is hard to interpret, but it seems similar to A. aureolutea, Despite the absence of any monographic treatment of
and was collected within the biogeographic range of that the Cenozoic naticids of Patagonia, there are adequate
species, so it may also be a junior synonym of A. auro- museum collections from known Tertiary deposits in Pa-
lutea. tagonia that merit further study and comparison with the
Recent naticid fauna.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Key to species of Patagonian Naticidae
With only thirteen species, the Naticidae from Patagonia
are not as diverse as are the naticids of several other 1. Operculum totally calcareous ------------------------------------- 2
biogeographic faunas. Certainly, the tropical naticid fau- Operculum mostly or totally corneous -------------------- 5
nas have greater species diversity. For example, Kilburn 2. Umbilical callus always present, evident, funicle
(1976:830) recognized 27 species from southern Moz- and sulcus developed ---------- Notocochlis isabelleana
ambique, and 21 species from Natal, South Africa (with Umbilical callus variable but without funicle and
some overlap in these two regions); Cernohorsky (1971) sulcus ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
recognized 21 species from the Fiji islands; Kabat (2000) 3. Shell large and thin, violet bluish in colour, spire
recognized 50 species from Malaysia and Indonesia, of high -------------------------------------------------------- ‘‘Natica’’ limbata
which 38 are known from the island of Ambon; Bouchet Shell small and thick, white or grey ----------------------- 4
et al. (2002:434) cited 29 species from a single coral reef 4. Periostracum thick, grey in colour, umbilicus
lagoon in New Caledonia; Kabat (1996a) recognized 33 open --------------------------------- Kerguelenatica bioperculata
species of Sininae and 52 species of Naticinae from the Periostracum very thin, transparent, umbilicus al-
entire Indo-Pacific; and Marincovich (1977:177) recog- ways closed --------------------------------- Tectonatica impervia
nized 33 species from the tropical Eastern Pacific. 5. Periostracum thick, brownish to olive, low spired ---- 6
Yet, the Patagonia fauna is comparable in its biodiver- Periostracum very thin, transparent or yellowish ------- 7
sity to the temperate and cold-water naticid faunas of oth- 6. Shell medium to small, umbilicus open ----------------------
er regions. For example, Kilburn (1976:830) documented ------------------------------------------------------- Amauropsis anderssoni
ten species endemic to the ‘‘Cape fauna’’ of South Africa, Shell large, last whorl large umbilicus mostly
and Marincovich (1977:177) recognized thirteen species closed ------------------------------------------- Amauropsis aureoluta
from the northeastern Pacific (Alaska to central Califor- 7. Spire short (spire less than ¼ of total shell ---------------
nia). In addition, Golikov & Sirenko (1988) mentioned height) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
twenty species from the western Pacific and Arctic Spire medium to high (more than ¼ of total shell
Oceans. height) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
Nevertheless, the subtidal regions between Peninsula 8. Shell large, thin, very globose, umbilicus almost
Valdes and the Straits of Magellan are still mostly un- closed ----------------------------------------------------- Bulbus carcellesi
explored, and there could be overlooked naticid species Shell different ------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
in that region. 9. Shell thick, whitish, parietal callus with central
The Patagonian coastal naticids are not rare, and can constriction ---------------------------------------- Falsilunatia soluta
be moderately abundant. However, they are difficult to Shell small, subquadrate profile, narrow subsu-
collect, presumably because of their infaunal habitat and tural ramp; parietal callus overlapping umbilicus
typically nocturnal activity. In Buenos Aires province, the --------------------------------------------------------------------- Euspira strebeli
stereotypical predatory boreholes that they produce in bi- 10. Shell large, chalky, globose and thick; suture
valve prey are regularly found in beach-collected speci- nearly canaliculated; umbilicus always open,
mens (Pastorino & Ivanov, 1996). deep; operculum with calcareous fringe ----------------------
The Patagonian naticid species seldom occur in other -------------------------------------------------------------- Euspira patagonica
biogeographic regions such as Brazil (an exception is N. Shell not as above --------------------------------------------------------- 11
isabelleana) or Antarctica. In fact, most of the Antarctic 11. Shell smooth, medium; spire short; umbilicus
records are of species whose taxonomic status remains open, deep; subsutural ramp present -- E. constricta
uncertain, such as Kerguelenatica bioperculata. At pres- Shell with slight spiral ornamentation; spire high;
ent, it appears that the Antarctic and Magellanic regions parietal callus straight --------------------------------------------------- 12
do not share any naticid species, although further study 12. Gentle spiral threads crossing growth lines, faint
is required. Table 1, ‘‘Valid Species of Naticidae from periostracum ---------------------------------------------- E. falklandica
southern South America and the Antarctic region’’ is a Microscopic ribs densely packed sinuous -------------------
preliminary summary of the biogeographic range of the ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Polinices sp.
 Page 255
Table 1
Valid species of Naticidae from southern South America and the Antarctic region.

Straits of South South South South

Patagonia Magellan Malvinas Is. Georgia Sandwich Orkneys Shetland Kerguelen Is. Ross Sea Antarctica
Amauropsis anderssoni (Strebel, 1906) # #
A. aureolutea (Strebel, 1908) # # # # #
?A. georgiana (Strebel, 1908) #
?A rossiana Smith, 1907 # #
A. suturalis (Watson, 1881) #
Bulbus benthicolus Dell, 1990 #
B. carcellesi Dell, 1990 # # #
B. scotianus Dell, 1990 # #
Euspira constricta Dall, 1891 #
E. falklandica (Preston, 1913) #
E. patagonica (Phillippi, 1845) # # #
E. strebeli Dall, 1891 #
Falsilunatia delicatula (Smith, 1902) #
F. eltanini Dell, 1990 #
F. fartilis (Watson, 1881) # #
F. notorcadensis Dell, 1990 #
F. soluta (Gould, 1847) # #
F. xantha (Watson, 1881) #
Kerguelenatica bioperculate Dell, 1990 # # # # # #
?Lunatia bransfieldensis Preston, 1916 # #
Natica joubini Lamy, 1911 #
N. kerguelensis Thiele, 1925 #
N. nigromaculata Lamy, 1911 #
N. prasina Watson, 1881 #
?N. godfroyi Lamy, 1910 #
?N. subpallescens Strebel, 1908 #
‘‘Natica’’ limbata (d’Orbigny, 1837) # #

The Veliger, Vol. 47, No.4

Notocochlis isabelleana (d’Orbigny, 1840) #
Polinices sp. cf. P. uber (Valenciennes, 1832) #
Sinuber microstriatum Dell, 1990 # #
S. sculptum (Martens, 1878) # # #
S. sculptum scotianum Powell, 1951 # # #
Tectonatica impervia (Phillippi, 1845) # # #
G. Pastorino, 2005 Page 256

Acknowledgments. I thank the following people for access to west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west
material in their collections: K. Way and J. Pickering (MNH), A. coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of
Warén (NHRM), P. Bouchet and V. Heros (MNHN), O. Galvez Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U.S. Fish Commission
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Scarabino (MHNM), and M. C. Manzur (FZBRG). P. Lozouet Tanner, U.S.N., commanding. XXVII. [and] Reports on the
took the photographs of type specimens at MNHN. Comments scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pa-
by the two reviewers and M. Griffin (UNLPam) greatly improved cific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Com-
the final outcome of this paper. Special thanks are due to A. R. mission Steamer ‘‘Albatross,’’ from October, 1904, to
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