Segments and

Rays
LEARNING STARTS
 CHECKING OUR TARGETS
Distance Postulate
Ruler Postulate
Finding the distance
between two points
 Betweenness
Midpoint Postulate 2
PERSON OF INTEREST
Rene Descartes
Rene Descartes is
known for his work La
Geometrie that made
him famous for
connecting algebra
and geometry.

“I think, therefore I
am.” 3
 CONCEPT OF BETWEENNESS
Point B is said to be between
points A and C if and only if

(1)A, B, and C are points on the

same line, and
(2) AB + BC = AC
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CONCEPT OF BETWEENNESS

The symbol A-B-C (or C-B-A)

is used to indicate that
point B is between points A
and C.

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 CONCEPT OF BETWEENNESS
Q U I C K S A N D

Using the coordinate system, which

of the points shown above are
between points Q and D?
How about points C and D?
And points U and S?
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 Draw a representation of each of the following:

a. Point A is between point M and point N.

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BRING OUT ¼ SHEET OF
PAPER

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 Draw a representation of each of the following:

b. Point O is between points W and M. Point

A is between points M and N.

c. Points S,T, and R are collinear. Point A is

between T and R.

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AB vs AB

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 RAY
Let A and B be points. The ray AB is
the union of
(1) segment AB and
(2) the set of all points C for which A-
B-C.
Point A is called the endpoint of AB
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 RAY

M I X

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 MIDPOINT
Point M is called the midpoint of
AB if and only if M is between A
and B and AM=MB.

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 MIDPOINT

M B

A M B
A

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 MIDPOINT

Midpoint Postulate

A segment has exactly one midpoint.

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 BISECTOR

F O X

In the following figure, line l

intersects FX at its midpoint O.
Hence, it is said that l bisects FX.
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 MIDPOINT

Length of a segment: AB=|a-b|

(𝑎+𝑏)
Midpoint:
2

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 MIDPOINT
Example:

Find the coordinate of the midpoint

of OX in the following figure.
X O
-8 15

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ANGLES
LEARNING STARTS
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Identify angles, parts of angles, and angle pairs.

2. Measure and construct angles.
3. Apply the Angle Addition and Angle Bisector Postulates
in solving problems.
4. Apply measurement and inductive reasoning to derive
relationship between vertical angles in a linear pair.
5. Recognize perpendicular lines and perpendicular
bisector of a segment.

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Let’s talk about RAY

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 NAME ME!
Name four different rays from the figure below.

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 ANGLE
If two rays have the same
endpoint and do not lie on the
same line, then their union is called
an angle.
The two rays are called its sides, and
their common endpoint is called its
vertex.
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 ANGLE
Interior and Exterior of an angle.

B A
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 ANGLE
In the figure, several names
can be assigned to the angle.
S

1
Q R T
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MORE EXAMPLES:

∠MAP or ∠X ∠1
∠PAM
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 PROTRACTOR
Protractor is used to measure an
angle in degrees.

Source: google.com 27
 PROTRACTOR POSTULATE
For every angle there is a
unique real number r, called its
degree measure, such that
0< r <180º.

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 KINDS OF ANGLES
Angles can be classified
according to their measures.
They can be a right
angle, an acute angle, or an
obtuse angle.
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 KINDS OF ANGLES
Right angle - is an angle that
measures exactly 90º
Acute angle - is an angle that
measures less than 90º
Obtuse angle - is an angle that
measures more than 90º but less
than 180º 30
 KINDS OF ANGLES

Right Acute Obtuse

Angle Angle Angle

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 KINDS OF ANGLES
You can approximate the measures of
angles by estimating their openings if
equal to 90º , less than 90º , or greater
than 90º .

These approximations of angle measures

without using protractors will help you in
classifying angles whether they are right,
acute, or obtuse. 32
Example
Estimate the measure of each angle.
Classify the angle.

m∠GOT < 90º m∠M = 90º m∠SET > 90º

Acute Angle Right Angle Obtuse Angle
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Let’s Try
Refer to the given figure. Measure and
classify each indicated angle.

a. ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅
b. ∠𝑃𝑄𝑇
c. ∠𝑅𝑄𝑆

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 CHECKING OUR TARGETS
Angles
Measuring and
Constructing Angles
Kinds of Angles
Angle Pairs
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Let’s Try
Now, use your protractor to measure
∠𝑈𝑄𝑆.

Angle UQS measures 30º. Thus, 𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑇 =

𝑚∠𝑈𝑄𝑆 = 30. Angles PQT and UQS are
congruent angles, denoted by ∠𝑃𝑄𝑇 ≅
∠𝑈𝑄𝑆, which is read as “angle PQT is
congruent to angle UQS.”
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Congruent angles - these are
angles that have the same
measure.

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 ANGLE BISECTOR
Angle bisector – it divides an angle
into two congruent angles.

Take note: Every angle has exactly

one angle bisector.

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 ANGLE BISECTOR
Refer to the figure below.

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 TRY THIS!
Name each angle bisector and all congruent angles in the figure.

Angle AGN is congruent to

∠𝐶𝐼𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐼𝑁. 𝑚∠𝐾𝐴𝑌 ≠ 𝑚∠𝑌𝐴𝐸. angle LEG.

Hence, ray IA is Ray AY is not an Rays GN and GE are not angle

an angle angle bisector of bisectors of ∠𝐴𝐺𝐿 since these
bisector of ∠𝐶𝐼𝑁. ∠𝐾𝐴E. two different rays do not
divide ∠𝐴𝐺𝐿 into two angles.40
 ANGLE PAIRS
Angle pairs include
• adjacent angles,
• complementary angles,
• supplementary angles,
• linear pairs, and
• vertical angles.
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 Adjacent Angles
Adjacent angles - are two angles
on the same plane that have a
common side and a common
vertex but no common interior
points

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 Adjacent Angles
Look at ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 and ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶. What do they
have in common?

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 Complementary Angles
Complementary angles - are two
angles whose measures have
a sum of 90º.

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 Complementary Angles
Look at ∠𝐹𝐸𝐺 and ∠𝐺𝐸𝐷. What is the sum of their
measures? Compare this sum to that of ∠𝑇𝑈𝑉 and
∠𝑋𝑌𝑍. What can you say about the sum of two
pairs of angles?

Adjacent complementary angles Nonadjacent complementary angles

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Example:
Find the measure of the complement
of an angle whose measure is 55º.
Solution:

Let 𝑥 = the measure of the complement of an angle.

Hence,
𝑥 + 55º = 90º
𝑥 = 90º − 55º By APE: Subtract 55 from both sides.
𝑥 = 35º
. 46
Example:
Check your answer.
𝑥 + 55º = 90º ; x=35º

35º + 55º = 90º True

Hence, the measure of the

complement of a 55º angle is a 35º
angle. 47
Example:
Find the measures of the
complementary angle of a 12º angle
less than twice the other.
Solution:
Let 𝑥 = the measure of the first angle,
2𝑥 − 12 = the measure of the second angle.

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 Supplementary Angles
Supplementary angles - are two
angles whose measures have
a sum of 180º.

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 Supplementary Angles
Look at the following angle pairs: ∠𝑀𝑁𝑂
and ∠𝑂𝑁𝑃, and ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∠𝑅𝑆𝑇. What is the
sum of the measures of each angle pair?

adjacent supplementary angles nonadjacent supplementary angles

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Example:
The measure of the supplement of an angle
is 25º more than 4 times the measure of
the angle. Find the measure of each angle.

Solution:
Let 𝑥 = the measure of an angle,
180 − 𝑥 = the measure of its supplement.

Then solve for 𝑥 in the equation 180 − 𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 25.

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 Linear Pairs
A linear pair - consists of two
adjacent angles whose
noncommon sides are opposite
rays.

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 Linear Pairs
Look at ∠VXY and ∠YXZ. How will
you classify this angle pair?

You call ∠𝑉𝑋𝑌 and ∠𝑌𝑋𝑍 a linear pair 53

Example
Find the measure of each angle in
the linear pair.

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 Vertical Angles
When two lines intersect, they
form a pair of nonadjacent angles
called vertical angles.

Vertical angles - are two

nonadjacent angles formed by two
intersecting lines. 55
Vertical Angles

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 Vertical Angles
Take note: Vertical angles are
congruent.

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Example
Find the measures of all vertical angles in the figure
where 𝑚∠1 = 2𝑥 + 15 and 𝑚∠2 = 85 − 5𝑥.

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Example
In the figure below, name each indicated angle pair.
1. complementary angles 4. adjacent angles
2. supplementary angles 5. Linear pairs
3. vertical angles
4. ∠1 and ∠2, ∠1
and ∠5, ∠2 and ∠3,
1. ∠1 and ∠2 ∠3 and ∠4, and ∠4
2. ∠4 and ∠5 and ∠5
3. ∠1 and ∠4
5. ∠4 and ∠5
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Perpendicular Lines
When two lines intersect to form right angles,
the two lines are said to be perpendicular to
each other.

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Parallel Lines
Parallel lines are lines that
do not intersect no matter
how far they are extended.
Lines m and n do not
intersect, and are parallel.

You write this as 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛. The

symbol ∥ is read as “is
Parallel lines are coplanar parallel to”.
lines that do not intersect
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Test Yourself!
Find the complement and supplement of each angle.

ANGLE COMPLEMENT SUPPLEMENT

15º
50º
65º
70º
63.5º
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Test Yourself!
Identify whether the following pairs of angles are
ADJACENT ANGLES, LINEAR PAIRS, COMPLEMENTARY
ANGLES, SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES or VERTICAL ANGLES.
Refer to the given figure. (You may have one or more possible
answers in each item.)

1. ∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 and ∠𝐸𝑂𝐴 = ___________________

2. ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐸 = ___________________
3. ∠𝐸𝑂𝐷 and ∠𝐷𝑂𝐶 = ___________________
4. ∠𝐸𝑂𝐷 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 = ___________________
5. ∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐴 = ___________________

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ANGLE ADDITION POSTULATE
Let B be a point in the interior of
∠AOC, then

m∠AOB + m∠BOC = m∠AOC

A

O C
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ANGLE ADDITION POSTULATE
F
O

Y T

a. m∠FYR = m∠FYO + _________

b. m∠FYT - m∠FYR = _________
c. m∠FYO + m∠OYR + m∠RYT = ______ 65