Name of Year(s) Region Tribe(s) Leaders Cause

Movement Involved
Santhal 1855–1856 Jharkhand, Santhals Sidhu & Exploitation
Rebellion Bihar Kanhu Murmu by landlords,
moneylenders
, British
interference
Munda 1899–1900 Chotanagpur Mundas Birsa Munda Land
Rebellion (Jharkhand) alienation,
forced labor,
cultural-
religious
suppression
Kol Rebellion 1831–1832 Chotanagpur Kols Buddho Land
Bhagat, displacement,
others British
interference
Chuar 1766–1834 Jungle Mahal Chuars Jagannath Oppressive
Uprising (West Bengal) Singh, Rani land revenue
Shiromani policies
Bhil 1818–1831 Rajasthan, Bhils Bhima Nayak, British
Rebellion Madhya Govind Guru oppression,
Pradesh land
alienation,
forest laws
Bastar 1910 Chhattisgarh Various (incl. Gunda Dhur Forest laws,
Rebellion Maria, Muria) forced labor,
local
exploitation
Khond 1846–1855 Odisha Khonds Chakra Bisoi British
Uprising suppression
of human
sacrifice (tribal
tradition),
revenue laws
Khasi-Garo 1829–1833 Meghalaya Khasis, Garos Tirut Singh British efforts
Uprising to control hill
regions
Rampa 1879, 1922– Andhra Koyas Alluri Sitarama Forest laws,
Rebellion 1924 Pradesh Raju police
atrocities, tax
burden
Tana Bhagat 1914–1920s Jharkhand, Oraons Jatra Bhagat Anti-tax, anti-
Movement Bihar zamindari,
later aligned
with Gandhian
principles
Koya Revolt 1879 Andhra Koyas Tomma Sora Forest
Pradesh restrictions,
tribal
suppression
Kuki 1917–1919 Manipur Kukis Various tribal Resistance to
Rebellion chiefs British
recruitment
during WWI
Naikda 1858 Gujarat Naikdas Rupsing Naik Exploitation
Uprising by princely
states &
British
Singhphos 1830s–1840s Assam, Singhphos Ningroose Resisting
Rebellion Arunachal British
Pradesh interference in
tribal
administration

Comprehensive Table: Major Peasant Movements in Modern Indian History

Movement Year(s) Region Causes Key Leaders
Indigo Revolt 1859–1862 Bengal (Nadia, Forced indigo Bishnu &
Murshidabad) cultivation and Digambar Biswas
exploitative
contracts
Fakir-Sannyasi 1763–1800 Bengal Economic Majnu Shah
Rebellion distress, heavy (Fakir), Bhawani
taxation, British Pathak (Sannyasi)
interference in
religious orders
Pagal Panthi 1825–1833 Bengal Oppression by Karam Shah,
Movement (Mymensingh, zamindars, Tipu Shah
now Bangladesh) excessive tax
burden on
peasants
Ahom Revolt 1828 Assam British Gomdhar
annexation of Konwar,
Ahom territory, Dhananjoy
cultural Borgohain
suppression
Kuka Movement 1840s–1872 Punjab Religious reform, Ram Singh Kuka
anti-cow
slaughter, protest
against British
injustice
Narkelberia 1831 Bengal Islamic revival, Titu Mir (Syed Mir
Uprising (Narkelberia, 24 anti-colonial and Nisar Ali)
Parganas) anti-zamindari
movement
Bijolia 1897–1941 Rajasthan High taxes, Sadhu Sitaram
Movement feudal oppression Das, Vijay Singh
Pathik
Champaran 1917 Bihar Exploitation of Mahatma Gandhi,
Satyagraha indigo farmers Raj Kumar
Shukla
Kheda 1918 Gujarat Tax despite crop Sardar Patel,
Satyagraha failure and plague Gandhi, Indulal
Yagnik
Tebhaga 1946–1947 Bengal Sharecroppers’ Kansari Halder,
Movement demand for Ila Mitra
greater share of
produce
Bardoli 1928 Gujarat 22% hike in land Sardar
Satyagraha revenue Vallabhbhai Patel

Punnapra- 1946 Kerala Feudal CPI leaders, local

Vayalar oppression, peasants
Uprising communist
mobilization
Telangana 1946–1951 Telangana Zamindari Baddam Yella
Rebellion system, bonded Reddy, Ravi
labor Narayan Reddy
Phulaguri 1861 Assam Tax protest, Local farmers
Dhawa especially on
betel leaves

Major Civil Uprisings in Modern Indian History

Uprising Year(s) Region Cause(s) Key Leaders
Sannyasi-Fakir 1763–1800 Bengal Religious Majnu Shah,
Rebellion mendicants Bhawani Pathak
opposed British
revenue policies
and restrictions
Rangpur 1783 Bengal (Rangpur) Peasants against Dirjinarain,
Rebellion exploitative Raghunath
zamindars and
British revenue
collection
Revolt of Velu 1806–1809 Travancore Against British Velu
Thampi (Kerala) interference and Thampi
economic Dalawa
oppression
Paika Rebellion 1817 Odisha (Khordha) Zamindars and Bakshi
peasants against Jagabandhu
land revenue
changes
Kittur Uprising 1824 Karnataka (Kittur) Refusal to accept Rani Chennamma
British
annexation after
ruler’s death
Amara Sulya 1837 Karnataka Against merger Guddemane
Rebellion (Coorg, Dakshina into British India Appaiah Gowda
Kannada) and tax policies
Wahabi 1820s–1870s Bengal, Bihar, Islamic Syed Ahmed
Movement NW Provinces, revivalism and Barelvi
Punjab resistance to
British authority
Faraizi 1830s–1857 Eastern Bengal Religious reform Haji Shariatullah,
Movement + protest against Dudu Miyan
British and
zamindari
exploitation
Kuka Movement 1840s–1872 Punjab Sikh reform + Ram Singh Kuka
social-political
resistance to
British rule
Narkelberia 1831 Bengal (24 Islamic Titu Mir
Uprising Parganas) revivalism,
peasant
resistance to
British &
zamindars
Sambalpur 1827–1864 Odisha Protest against Surendra Sai
Uprising British rule
after
annexation
Ahom Revolt 1828 Assam Restoration of Gomdhar Konwar
Ahom rule, British
interference
Satavandi 1840s Maharashtra Resentment Local chiefs
Revolt against British
administrative
interference
Surat Salt 1844 Gujarat Protest against Salt workers and
Agitation British salt traders
monopoly
 Combined Table: Social Reform Movements & Civil Uprisings in Modern India
Movement / Founder(s) Year(s) Region Key Objectives /
Organization Causes
Brahmo Samaj Raja Ram 1828 Bengal Abolition of Sati,
Mohan Roy, promotion of
Dwarkanath monotheism,
Tagore widow
remarriage,
women's
education,
opposition to
caste and idol
worship.
(en.wikipedia.org)

Prarthana Samaj Atmaram 1867 Maharashtra Social equality,

Pandurang, M.G. female education,
Ranade inter-caste
dining/marriage,
opposition to
child marriage
and caste
distinctions.
(byjus.com)

Arya Samaj Swami Dayanand 1875 North India Rejection of idol

Saraswati worship,
promotion of
Vedic knowledge,
women's
education,
opposition to
caste system and
child marriage.
(byjus.com)

Aligarh Sir Syed Ahmed 1875 Uttar Pradesh Modern

Movement Khan education for
Muslims,
promotion of
scientific
knowledge,
social and
cultural
regeneration.
(en.wikipedia.org)
Ramakrishna Swami 1897 Bengal Promotion of
Mission Vivekananda Vedanta, service
to the poor,
interfaith
harmony,
opposition to
caste and
untouchability.
(byjus.com)

Theosophical Annie Besant, 1875 (India: 1879) Tamil Revival of Hindu

Society Madame Nadu philosophy,
Blavatsky, Col. (Adyar) promotion of
Olcott universal
brotherhood,
study of ancient
religions.
(byjus.com)

Satya Shodhak Jyotirao Phule 1873 Maharashtra Upliftment of

Samaj backward castes,
women's rights,
anti-Brahmanism,
promotion of
rational thinking.
(byjus.com)
Young Henry Louis 1820s Bengal Encouragement
Bengal Vivian of free thinking,
Movement Derozio criticism of
orthodox
Hinduism,
promotion of
liberty and
equality.
(byjus.com)

Church of the Keshab Chunder 1866 Bengal Syncretic blend

New Sen of Hinduism and
Dispensation Christianity, focus
on personal
spiritual
experience,
social reform.
(en.wikipedia.org)
Nair Movement Sree Narayana Late 19th century Kerala Promotion of
Guru social equality,
rejection of
caste-based
discrimination,
advocacy for
the rights of
marginalized
communities.
(pariksharath.in)
Cow Protection Various leaders, 1882 onwards North India Advocacy for
Movement including Arya cow protection,
Samaj establishment of
gaushalas,
petitioning for
bans on cow
slaughter.
(en.wikipedia.org)

National Dalit rights and 1998 Nationwide Eradication of

Campaign on human rights caste-based
Dalit Human activists discrimination,
Rights (NCDHR) advocacy for
Dalit rights,
holding the state
accountable for
failures in justice.
(en.wikipedia.org)

Widow Pandit Vishnu 1860 Bengal Legalization and

Remarriage Shastri promotion of
Association widow
remarriage,
challenge to
social stigma
against widows.
(byjus.com)

Deoband
Theosophical
Bhangi

Freedom Fighter Newspaper/Journal Books

Bal Gangadhar Tilak Kesari (Marathi newspaper) The Arctic Home in the Vedas
(1903)
Maratha (English and Marathi Gita Rahasya (Commentary on
newspaper) Bhagavad Gita)
Lala Lajpat Rai The People (English Unhappy India (1908)
newspaper)
Vande Mataram (Published by
Lala Lajpat Rai and others)
Subhas Chandra Bose Forward (Bengali daily) The Indian Struggle (1935)
Swaraj (Bengali newspaper)
Bipin Chandra Pal Swaraj (Bengali newspaper) The New Spirit (1907)
Mohandas Karamchand Young India (Weekly journal) My Experiments with Truth
Gandhi (1927)

Navajivan (Gujarati weekly) Hind Swaraj (1909)

Jawaharlal Nehru National Herald The Discovery of India (1946)
(English newspaper)

The Independent (English Glimpses of World History

daily) (1934)
Sarojini Naidu The Indian Nation In the Bazaars of Hyderabad
(Newspaper) (Poetry)
The weekly paper "The The Broken Wing (Poetry)
Dawn" (Editor)
Bhagat Singh Shaheed (Hindi journal) Why I am an Atheist (Essay)
The Kirti (Journal)
Rajguru Kesari (Newspaper)
Sukhdev Singh Kesari (Newspaper)
Lal Mohan Ghosh The Bengalee (Newspaper) The Politics of Independence
Kasturba Gandhi Navajivan (Gujarati weekly)
V.D. Savarkar Kalantar (Weekly journal) The History of the First War
of Indian Independence
(1909)
The Indian War of Hindutva (1923)
Independence 1857 (Book)
Mahatma Phule Satyashodhak Samaj Gulamgiri (1873)
(Founded a society, not a
journal)
Gopal Krishna Gokhale The Sudharak (Newspaper, The Political Philosophy of
editor) Gokhale
Vikram Sarabhai Mahatma Gandhi's Phoenix Science and Culture
(Bilingual journal)
K.K. Aziz The Hindustan Times The Murder of History
(Involved in contributing
editorials)
Mangal Pandey Not directly involved in
any newspapers (Martyr of
1857 Rebellion)
Chandrashekhar Azad Not involved in any newspapers