10 STANDARD
TH
SCIENCE
PRACTICAL GUIDE
2020-21
(Revised Syllabus)
A. AROKIASURESH
BT ASSISTANT (SCIENCE)
GOVT. HR. SEC. SCHOOL
KALAMARUDUR
KALLAKURICHI (DT)
PHYSICS
2. DETERMINATION OF FOCAL LENGTH OF A CONVEX LENS
Aim:
To determine the focal length of a convex lens by using
1. Distant object method
2. uv method
Apparatus required:
A convex lens, stand, wire gauze object, screen and measuring scale
Formula:
uv
f = (u+v) m
f – focal length of convex lens
u – distance between the object and the lens
v – distance between the image and the lens
Procedure:
1. Distance object method:
Fix the given lens to the stand and place the screen behind the lens. Move the
lens back and forth to capture the clear image of the object. Measure the distance between
lens and screen. This is focal length (f) of the convex lens.
2. uv method:
Fix the lens into the stand and place the wire gauze object at the specified
distance to the left side of the lens. Measure the distance between the lens and the object
(u). place the screen on the right side of the lens and capture the clear image on the
screen. Measure the distance between the lens and the image (v). Repeat the same
procedure by changing ‘u’ and tabulate the observations.
Observation:
Focal length of the convex lens (by distance object method) is (f) = 10.5 cm
(2f) = 21 cm
S. Position of the Distance of the Distance of the Focal length of the
No object Object Image convex lens
(cm) (cm) uv
f= cm
(u + v)
1 u>2f 23 19.5 10.55
2 u=2f 21 21 10.50
3 u<2f 19 24 10.60
Mean 10.55
Result:
The focal length of the given convex lens
1. By distance object method f = 10.50 cm
2. By uv method f = 10.55 cm
3.DETERMINATION OF RESISTIVITY
Aim:
To determine the resistivity of the material of the given coil of wire
Apparatus required:
A coil wire, battery, key, ammeter, voltmeter, rheostat, a metre scale and screw gauge
Formula:
A
Resistivity ρ = (L ) R Ωm
A – Area of the cross section of the wire
L – Length of the coil wire
R – Resistance of the coil wire
Circuit diagram:
Procedure:
➢ According to the picture the circuit should be installed. Close the key and hence the circuit is
closed.
➢ The potential difference should be noted in the table for the change of the rheostat and for
different current measurements.
➢ Measure the diameter of the wire using a screw gauge.
➢ Measure the length of the coil using meter scale.
Observation:
(I) To find the resistance
S. No Ammeter reading – I Volt meter reading – V Resistance R= V/I
(A) (V) (Ω)
1 0.2 0.4 2
2 0.3 0.6 2
Mean 2
(II) To find the diameter of the wire using screw gauge
Least Count: 0.01 mm Zero Error: No Error
S. Pitch scale reading Head scale Head scale reading Corrected reading
No PSR (mm) coincidence (HSC) HSR=(PSR×LC) ± ZE (mm) PSR+HSR (mm)
1 1 63 0.63 1.63
2 1 65 0.65 1.65
Mean 1.64
Calculation:
Radius of the wire r= diameter/2 = 0.82×10-3 m
Area of the cross section of the wire 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 2.11×10-6 m2
Length of the wire L = 1 m
A
Resistivity of the wire ρ = ( ) R = 4.22×10-6 Ωm
L
Result:
The resistivity of the material of the wire = 4.22×10-6 Ωm
CHEMISTRY
4. IDENTIFY THE DISSOLUTION OF GIVEN SALT WHETHER IT IS
EXOTHERMIC OR ENDOTHERMIC
Aim:
To test the dissolution of given salt is exothermic or endothermic
Material required:
Two beakers, Thermometer, stirrer and two samples
Principle:
❖ If the reaction liberates the heat, then it is called exothermic
❖ If the reaction absorbs the heat, then it is called endothermic
Procedure:
➢ Take 50 ml of water in two beakers and label them as A and B. Note the
temperature of the water from the beaker A and B.
➢ Then, add 5 g of sample A into the beaker A and stir well until it dissolved
completely. Record final temperature of the solution.
➢ Now, repeat the same for sample B. Record the observation
Observation:
S. Temperature before Temperature after
No Sample addition of sample addition of sample Inference
(OC) (OC)
1 A 25 48 Temperature
increases
2 B 25 18 Temperature
decreases
Result:
From the inferences made
The dissolution of sample A is exothermic.
The dissolution of sample B is endothermic.
A. AROKIASURESH, M.Sc.B.Ed., BT ASST. (SCIENCE), GHSS, KALAMARUDUR, KALLAKURICHI (DT).
5. TESTING THE SOLUBILITY OF THE SALT
Aim:
To test the solubility of the given salt based on the saturation and
unsaturation of the solution at a given temperature
Materials required:
A 250 ml beaker, 100 ml measuring jar, a stirrer, distilled water and salt (25
g, 11 g, and 1g)
Principle:
❖ A solution in which more solute can be dissolved in the solvent at a given
temperature is called unsaturated solution
❖ A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent at a given
temperature is called saturated solution
Procedure:
➢ In a 250 ml beaker pour 100 ml water using measuring jar. To this water add
25 g salt from the first packet. stir the content very well.
➢ Add the next packet containing 11 g salt followed by constant stirring.
➢ Now add third packet containing 1 g salt. Record the observations.
Observation:
S. Amount of salt added Observation Inference
No (g) (Dissolved/ Undissolved) (Unsaturated/ /
Super saturated)
1 25 Dissolved Unsaturated Saturated
2 36 (25 + 11) Dissolved Saturated
3 37 (25 + 11 + 1) Undissolved Super saturated
Result:
From the above observation, it is inferred that the amount of salt required for
saturation is 36 g
A. AROKIASURESH, M.Sc.B.Ed., BT ASST. (SCIENCE), GHSS, KALAMARUDUR, KALLAKURICHI (DT).
BIO – BOTANY
8. PHOTOSYNTHESIS – TEST TUBE AND FUNNEL EXPERIMENT
Aim:
To prove that oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis
Materials required:
Test tube, funnel, beaker, pond water and Hydrilla plant
Procedure:
➢ Take a few twigs of Hydrilla plant in a beaker containing pond water.
➢ Place an inverted funnel over the plant.
➢ Invert a test tube filled with water over the stem of the funnel.
➢ Keep the apparatus in the sunlight for few hours.
Observation:
It is noted that water gets displaced down from the test tube.
Inference:
Take the test tube and keep the burning stick near the mouth of the test
tube. Increased the flame will appear.
Result:
This test proves that oxygen is released during photosynthesis.
A. AROKIASURESH, M.Sc.B.Ed., BT ASST. (SCIENCE), GHSS, KALAMARUDUR, KALLAKURICHI (DT).
10. TO STUDY THE LAW OF DOMINANCE
Aim:
To study the law of dominance by using model/ picture/ photograph. To find out the
genotype ratio and phenotype ratio in pea plant using checker board.
Material required:
Colour chalk pieces or Graph sheets
Procedure:
Depict parental generation and the gametes using colour chalk pieces.
Observation:
Phenotypic ratio 3:1
Genotypic ratio 1:2:1
Result:
Using the model, the law of dominance and the monohybrid cross study were found.
A. AROKIASURESH, M.Sc.B.Ed., BT ASST. (SCIENCE), GHSS, KALAMARUDUR, KALLAKURICHI (DT).
BIO-ZOOLOGY OR
13. IDENTIFICAION OF BLOOD CELLS
Aim:
Aim:
To identify the given slides, draw a
To identify the given slides, draw a
labelled diagram and write a note on it.
labelled diagram and write a note on it.
Material required:
Material required:
Permanent slides of blood cells and
Permanent slides of blood cells and
Microscope
Microscope
Identification:
Identification:
The given slide is identified as
The given slide is identified as Red
White Blood Cell
Blood Cell
Notes:
Notes:
❖ They are colourless and they have
➢ They are biconcave and disc shaped
amoeboid shaped.
➢ Mature mammalian RBC’s do not
❖ They have nucleus.
have nucleus
❖ They protect the body from
➢ Haemoglobin is a respiratory
diseases.
pigment which gives red colour
Diagram:
Diagram:
Cytoplasm Nucleus
Plasma membrane Cytoplasm
Result: Result:
The given slide was identified as the The given slide was identified as the
Red Blood Cell. White Blood Cell.
A. AROKIASURESH, M.Sc.B.Ed., BT ASST.
(SCIENCE), GHSS, KALAMARUDUR,
KALLAKURICHI (DT).
