Words to know
Plastic
1. plastic
2. petroleum
3. kitchen utensils
4. furniture
5. food containers
6. electrical casing
7. flexible
8. garbage bags
9. transparent
10. clear plastic
11. withstand
12. electrical casing
Rubber
1. rubber 10. waterproof
2. latex 11. properties
3. elastic
4. mould
5. car tyres
6. gloves
7. boots
8. mats
9. items
Page 1 of 2
Facts to know
Plastic
❖ is produced from petroleum (dark thick oil under the ground).
❖ is used to make toys, buildings, computers, kitchen utensils,
furniture, clothes and many other objects.
❖ Different types of plastic
➢ Light plastic - food containers
➢ Strong plastic - electrical casing
➢ Flexible plastic - garbage bags, plastic bags
➢ Transparent plastic - clear plastic
➢ Withstand high temperature – electrical plug
Rubber
❖ is made from a white, milky liquid (latex).
❖ latex comes from bark of rubber tree.
❖ it is elastic and moulded into different shapes.
❖ is used to make car tyres, gloves, boots and mats.
❖ is chosen to make for waterproof properties.
Page 2 of 2
Light helps us to see
Light is the form of energy which helps us see objects.
In the day, we can see the sun in the sky. The sun gives off light of its own. Anything
that gives off light of its own is called light source. The sun is a light source. There are other light
sources too. Here are some of them.
• Lightning
• Stars
• Burning wood
• Lamp
• Candle flame
• Bulb
Light travels in a straight line. Look at the beam of light from a torch or a projector. The
beam of light travels in a straight line.
What is Luminous Object?
The object which produces light is known as a Luminous Object. It has the following
characteristics:
• Produces light.
• It has its own light.
• These objects are responsible for vision.
What is Non-Luminous Object?
The object which is not able to produce light is known as a Non-Luminous Object. It has the
following characteristics:
• Not able to produce light.
• Don’t have its own light.
• These objects are visible due to luminous objects.
1
Words to know
Glass
1. glass 9. table tops
2. heating 10. shaped
3. soda 11. property – properties
4. lime 12. transparent
5. furnace 13. react
6. Degree Celsius (◦C) 14. chemicals
7. objects 15. containers
8. test tubes 16. melt
Fiber
1. fiber / fibre (AmE/BmE) 6. silk
2. threads 7. silkworms
3. clothing 8. cotton
4. wool 9. linen
5. leather 10. flax plant
5.2 Which material shall I choose?
1. shopping bags 5. useful
2. plastic bags 6. harmful
3. paper bags 7. get rid of
4. waterproof 8. burning plastic
9. poisonous
Page 1 of 3
Facts to know
Glass
➢ Glass is made by heating sand, soda and lime in a furnace at
1500 degree Celsius (1500◦C).
➢ Glass is widely used in a wide variety of objects, from test tubes
to table tops.
➢ Glass is cheap to make.
➢ Glass can be shaped easily.
The properties of glass
➢ It is hard and transparent (allows light to pass through).
➢ It does not react with most of the chemicals, so it is used as a
container for many chemicals.
➢ It can be easily shaped.
➢ It does not melt easily.
➢ It is easily cleaned.
Fiber/ Fibre
➢ Fibers are long thin threads of material.
Animal fibers
1. Wool – from sheep
2. Leather – from animals
3. Silk – from silkworms
4. Fur – from animals with a thick coat
Plant fibers
1. cotton – from cotton plant
2. linen – from flax plant
Page 2 of 3
5.2 Which material shall I choose?
➢ The properties of materials help us to decide how we can use it.
➢ Shopping bags are usually made of paper or plastic.
➢ Plastic bags do not allow water to pass through them.
➢ Plastics are waterproof.
➢ Many objects around us are made of plastic.
➢ Plastic are used to make bottles and containers because they do
not break easily.
❖ Plastic can be harmful.
❖ Plastic takes a few hundred years to break down.
❖ It is difficult to get rid of plastic.
❖ Burning plastic produces poisonous gases.
Page 3 of 3
New Words
4.5 movement and food
1. shelter 11. climbers 21. juicy
2. body structure 12. woodpeckers 22. crunchy
3. run 13. design 23. humming bird
4. crawl 14. limbs 24. sunbirds
5. hop 15. claws 25. nectar
6. jump 16. beaks 26. pollen grains
7. swim 17. flap 27. termite
8. fins 18. suitable 28. swallow
9. stingrays 19. grasshopper 29. flesh
10. gliding 20. cockroach 30. harmful
facts to know
4.5 movement and food
movement
• Animals move about to look for food, water and shelter.
• Animals that have legs either run, crawl, hop or jump.
• Animals living in water move about by swimming
• Animals with no legs move about by gliding.
• Animals living in trees are good climbers.
• Animals with wings can fly by flapping their wings.
• The ostrich is too large and heavy to fly.
• The penguin has small wings that are suitable for swimming only.
• Animals like grasshopper, the cockroach, the butterfly and the bee can crawl or fly.
Food
• All animals need food to live.
• Different herbivores feed on different part of plants.
• Some carnivores eat their food by swallowing without biting or chewing.
• Some carnivores are useful to man because they help to kill harmful insects like flies and
mosquitoes.
• Animals eat both meat and plant parts are called omnivores.
Chapter-7
Health Practice
Words to know
7.1 Teeth
1. falling out
2. permanent teeth
3. wisdom teeth
4. gum
5. adult
6. tiny
7. swallow
8. unhealthy
9. bad breath
10. embarrassing
11. germs
12. sticky layer
13. dental plaque
14. swollen
15. bleed
16. jawbone
17. destroy
18. meal
19. dentist
20. sticky food
Facts to know
➢ kids (3 years) - 20 teeth
➢ 21 years – 28 permanent teeth (wisdom teeth)
➢ adult – 32 teeth
➢ healthier gums support our teeth
➢ unhealthy gums look bad breath
➢ if we do not clean our teeth, germs and food particles will form a sticky layer on and
between our teeth (dental plaque)
➢ if we do not remove the plaque by brushing our teeth regularly, the germs will attack our
gums
➢ if the gums are not treated well, gums will become red, swollen and bleed
➢ we should try to brush our teeth after every meal
➢ we should visit the dentist once every six months
➢ we should brush and floss our teeth after meals and before going to bed
➢ we should eat more fruits and vegetables, and eat less sweet and sticky food
7.2 Healthy food and water habits
1. chew
2. digest
3. contain
4. nutrients
5. hungry
6. appetite
7. lead
8. stomach disorders
9. interval
10. junk food
11. stale
12. uncovered food
13. infection
14. diseases
15. waste
16. consume
17. nourishment
Facts to know
➢ should chew our food properly
➢ should contain all necessary nutrients to keep our body parts healthy
➢ should take fresh and properly cooked food at regularly intervals
➢ stale, cooked and uncovered food shouldn’t not to be eaten as they may cause infections
and diseases
➢ should consists of fruits and all types of vegetables
➢ should drink plenty of fresh water that helps in digestion, blood circulation and keeping our
body cells healthy
➢ should make sure that the water we drink is free from germs as water is one of the biggest
sources of infections and diseases
➢ should never leave food on our plate
➢ should not overcook food otherwise; it will lose all its nourishment
7.3 Sleep habits
1. sleep
2. insect
3. health
4. growth
5. promote
6. alertness
7. memory
8. performance
Facts to know
➢ every living thing sleeps, from the smallest insect to the largest whale
➢ need to get enough sleep
➢ keeps us healthy, happy, and doing our best!
➢ is essential to a child’s health and growth
➢ promotes alertness, memory and performance
➢ things go wrong if we do not get enough sleep
➢ is hard to think, work and play unless we get enough sleep
7.4 Benefits of exercising
1. fit
2. benefit
3. develop
4. muscle
5. strength
6. maintain
7. weight
8. reduce
9. heart disease
10. improve
11. attitude
12. mood
13. night-time
14. sickness
15. increase
16. self-confidence
17. self-image
18. coordinate
19. gross motor skills
20. fine motor skills
Facts to know
➢ developing our muscles strength
➢ helping to build strong bones
➢ maintaining a healthy weight
➢ reducing risk of heart disease
➢ improving our attitude and mood
➢ helping us to sleep better at night-time
➢ keeping us free from sickness and disease
➢ helping to develop good habits as we grow
➢ increase self-confidence and self-image
➢ making us more coordinated and develop gross motor skills (jumping, running, crawling...)
and fine motor skills (smaller movements)
Facts to know
6.1 Light helps us to see
Form of energy which helps us see objects
In the day, we can see the sun in the sky.
The sun gives off light of its own. (Natural light source)
Light source - anything that gives off light of its own
(Luminous objects)
e.g lightning, stars, burning wood, lamp, candle flame, bulb
Light travels in a straight line.
The beam of light (a torch or a projector) travels in a straight
line.
When the air in room is dusty, we can see sun light entering
it.
Most objects do not give off light of their own. (Non-luminous
objects)
When light falls on these objects, it bounces off them.
Rocks, plants, animals and other objects reflect light.
A mirror (shiny objects) reflects light very well.
The Moon does not give off light of its own.
The Moon reflects light from the Sun.
We cannot see anything in a very dark room.
When we turn on the lamp, we can see the lamp because its
light reaches our eyes.
Page 2 of 4
Light from the lamp also falls on objects in the room.
We can see clearly through materials such as clear plastic and
All these objects reflect light to our eyes and so we can see
them.
In the day, objects outdoors reflect sunlight to our eyes.
That is why we can see these objects.
glass. (Transparent objects)
These materials let light pass through them.
Other materials such as frosted glass and tracing paper also
let light pass through them. (Translucent objects)
However, we cannot see clearly through them.
Some objects do not allow light to pass through them. (Opaque
objects)
We cannot see through these materials.
Can you name some materials that do not allow light pass
through?
On a cloudy day, the clouds hide the sun, yet there is light
outdoors and we can see objects around us. Why is so? Write
down your own idea.
Facts to know for 6.2
When light is blocked by an object, a shadow is formed.
We need light to make a shadow.
An object can cast shadows of different shapes.
The object casts a bigger shadow when it is closer to a light
source.
Page 3 of 4
Different
6.3 Facts to knowobjects have different shapes. The shadows formed
the outlines of the objects.
The shadow of an object in a sunny place changes at different times
of the day.
It changes its length and position.
We can tell the time of the day by looking at the shadow.
In the morning, the Sun rises in the east.
It is low in the sky.
Objects that block the sunlight will cast long shadows.
At about noon, the Sun is overhead.
Objects that block the sunlight will cast short shadows.
In the evening, the Sun sets in the west.
Page 4 of 4
Chapter 5
MATERIALS
New words
1. wood 15. mahogany
2. rock 16. long lasting
3. metal 17. mature(fully-grown)
4. plastic 18. precious
5. rubber 19. diamonds
6. glass 20. rubies
7. fibers 21. sapphires
8. materials 22. bricks
9. hardwood 23. bridges
10. softwood 24. flowerpots
11. conifer 25. conduct
12. pine 26. electricity
13. spruce 27. ability
14. teak 28. cooking utensils
Facts to know
• materials are the things that we use to make objects.
Wood
• Wood comes from trees.
• Two main types of wood are hardwood and softwood.
• Hardwood is thick, hard, long lasting and does not break easily. e.g., teak, mahogany, …
• Softwood comes from conifer trees like pine and spruce.
• Softwood trees take a shorter time to grow and mature but hardwood trees take up to
hundreds of years.
Rock
• Rock are very hard materials.
• Precious stones such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires are different kinds of rock.
• Bricks, rock, stones and sand are building materials.
• Clay can be use to make bricks, flowerpots, cups, plates and bowls.
Metal
• Metal conducts (allows to go through) heat and electricity well.
• Metal can be as cooking utensils.
• Metals are shiny, hard and strong.
4.6 How do animals breathe?
New Words
1. breathe 11. abdomen 21. curve
2. survive 12. whales 22. blood supply
3. dissolved 13. dolphins 23. hatched
4. lungs 14. seal 24. mature
5. air bubbles 15. walrus 25. blood vessels
6. breathing tubes 16. sealion 26. diffuse
7. develop 17. nostrils 27. trap
8. diaphragm 18. snout 28. mosquito larva
9. muscular sheet 19. gills 29. mosquito pupa
10. chest cavity 20. gill cover
facts to know
• Animals breathe in different ways.
• Animals live on land breathe air from the atmosphere.
• Animals live in water breathe dissolved oxygen from the water by means of gills or skin.
Lung-breathing animals
• The lungs in birds, reptiles and amphibians are simple structures.
• The lungs in mammals are well-developed.
• The diaphragm is a muscular sheet separating the chest cavity from the abdomen which
helps in breathing.
• Although whales and dolphins stay in water, they breathe through lungs.
• Seal, walrus and sealion have nostrils at the tip of their snouts. When they are in the
water, they can shut their nostrils so that water cannot enter their noses.
Gill-breathing animals
• Gills are found in aquatic animals like prawns and crabs.
• The gills in fish are found at the sides of the head, protected under the gill cover.
• The gills are made of rows of curved rods with tiny branches.
• They have a rich blood supply and are a bright red colour.
• The water passes over the gills and the oxygen is taken up by the gills and the carbon
dioxide is given out and dissolves into the water.
• The tadpoles have external gills when they are newly hatched, as they grow older,
the external gills change into internal gills.
Breathing by skin
• Frogs and tubifex worms can survive in water although they do not have gills.
• Their thin skin is richly supplied with tiny blood vessels.
• Oxygen in the water can diffuse (pass through) the skin.
Breathing by air bubbles
• Many water insects and spiders carry their own air supply in the form of an air
bubbles.
• Their body structures are suited to trap air on their bodies.
• Examples : great diving beetles and the water spider.
Breathing by tubes
• Some water insects breathe by means of breathing tubes.
• The stick above the water surface into the air.
• Examples : the mosquito larva, pupa and water stick insects.
Facts to know
two parts of body coverings
skin and outer covering
protects the internal organs of animals for being infected by germs
keeps the animal warm
hides the animals from their enemies in times of danger
different outer coverings to suit their different needs
hair, feathers, shells, scales
Feathers
only birds
keep them warm
help them to fly
Hair
all mammals
the amount and length of the hair vary from mammal to mammal
some animals have long hair
some animals have short hair
animals living in cold place have a long and thick coat hair
keep their bodies warm
polar bears, sheep and snow rabbits
some animals grow a special type of hair to defend themselves
e.g. porcupine hard, spiky hair (quills)
help it to warn its enemies
Shells
protect themselves
snails, crabs, prawns, oysters, cockles, clams and other shellfish
hide the soft and sensitive parts of their bodies in their hard shells
Scales
fish
overlap each other like roof-top tiles
hard scales protect the fish
snakes, lizards, crocodiles
dry scales - help them to prevent the body liquid from drying
hard scales protect them from getting cuts when they crawl over the rough surfaces of
rocks
No outer covering scales
some animals do not have any outer covering on their skin
covered with only a layer of skin
octopuses, squids, frogs, toads and earthworms
