Comparison of solar radiation on 20/12/2016 (Day 355)

Design and Realization of Dual Axis Solar Tracking System

Harshwardhan Soni Simardeep Kaur Nitish Dewan Tarun Puri
101454003 101454004 101454006 101454008
Electrical & Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala

INTRODUCTION RESULTS CALCULATIONS

India’s plan to become the largest solar power markets in the world has
• It is observed that static panel of 8 W has a maximum efficiency For height of shaft to be used, calculation for L= ℎ2 /tan(αz)
received a massive boost as per the latest estimation of its solar power
potential. India’s current solar power installed capacity is around 3 GW or of 20% where as a panel with dual axis tracker leads to an zenith angle
less than 0.5% of the estimated potential. efficiency increase of 40% from the stationary. Here:
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃z=sinαz=sinΦzsinδ+cos(Φ)cos(δ)cos(h) αz is solar elevation angle
• The present systems do not provide a cost-efficient and reliable • It is convention to all that at 12 noon sun is directly above our h is height of object
method to generate and operate renewable energy for common uses. head hence the elevation angle would be 90 degrees but by where, L is length of shadow
• Greater advancements have been proposed to improve the efficiency proper calculation, it is found that at considered latitude and 𝜃z is solar zenith angle
of the current solar power systems. longitude it can never be exactly equal to 90 degrees but close to 𝜙 is local altitude
• Solar panels generate the maximum amount of electricity when the 90 degrees. Hence, the length of shadow can never be zero. αz is solar elevation angle, αz=90-𝜃z
h is hour angle, in local sun time
panel is perpendicular to the direction of sunlight.
𝛿 is current declination of sun
• Static panels, at present, can generate the maximum energy at only Altitude Angle (degrees)
one particular time throughout the day. 300 Object Azimuth Angle Altitude angle Shadow
height (ft) (degrees) (degrees) length (feet)
• An automatic solar tracking system involves a microcontroller-based
system in order to automate the process of alignment of the panel in a
250
1.5 46.846 -21.143 0
direction perpendicular to the sun rays. 1.5 56.766 -10.957 0
200
1.5 61.04 -5.414 0
Solar tracking types:
150 1.5 72.04 12.397 6.824
1. Single axis tracking, involves optimization only along zenith angle 1.5 78.535 24.913 3.23
2. Dual axis tracking, involves optimization for both zenith and 100
1.5 85.014 37.718 1.94
azimuthal angles 1.5 90.349 47.415 1.379
50
1.5 92.33 50.65 1.23
Aim, Objectives, Deliverables and Novelty 0
12:00 AM 2:24 AM 4:48 AM 7:12 AM 9:36 AM 12:00 PM 2:24 PM 4:48 PM 7:12 PM 9:36 PM

Aim: The aim of this project is to increase the efficiency of a PV CONCLUSION

3.5
panel by utilizing dual axis rotation. The project leans toward
proposing a suitable design model for the improved power 3
• The proposed methodology suggests the right orientation of
generation at the output of PV panel using low-cost hardware. two motors on axes normal to each other in order to
2.5 harness maximum amount of sunlight to be converted into
Objectives: electricity.
2
• To identify challenges with the present solar power generation
systems • The use of LDR sensors and cylindrical structure
1.5

• To model the proposed tracking scheme and compare it with the guarantees a more accurate and efficient tracking system.
1
present systems • The design, implementation, and study of the dual axis
• To construct a working model of the tracking system 0.5 solar tracker is also carried out in this project. The
performance of this system is experimented and compared
Deliverables: 0
12:00 AM 2:24 AM 4:48 AM 7:12 AM 9:36 AM 12:00 PM 2:24 PM 4:48 PM 7:12 PM 9:36 PM with the static system.
• The efficiency of the proposed system will be increased by about
45 percent in comparison to the static PV systems • The results show that dual axis solar tracker has high
Figure 2: Sample Results
• The proposed system will consume less power for operation, as power generation as compared to static system and single
servo-motor requires lesser power to work than other types of axis tracker.
motor • According to the results, it is possible to obtain an
METHODOLOGY
• The proposed system will be cost-effective, using low-cost efficiency of about 45% more than that of the single axis
equipment, which are reliable solar tracker.
START
Novelty: • This proposed design is achieved with low power
In the existing systems, LDRs are placed on the panel itself, which consumption, high accuracy, and low cost.
lacks the efficient tracking of solar radiations because even a slight
change in sun’s orientation would reflect a change in control signal. COMPARE THE LIGHT REFERENCES
To compensate this, the LDRs are separated from the panel and INTENSITY OF NORTH AND
placed on a separate platform in a circular manner with a wooden SOUTH LDR 1. “MNRE Result framework document (2014-2015),” Ministry of New and
solid shaft in the centre. A control signal is generated only if the Renewable Energy, 2015. [Online]. Available:
shadow length is greater than the minimum threshold. http://mnre.gov.in/filemanager/UserFiles/rfd_mnre_2014_15.pdf
2. T. S. Zhan, W. M. Lin, M. H. Tsai, and G. S. Wang, “Design and
Yes implementation of the dual-axis solar tracking system,” Proc. - Int.
TURN THE PANEL TOWARDS
Vn>Vs Comput. Softw. Appl. Conf., vol. 2, pp. 276–277, 2013
SOUTH
3. S. Gutiérrez, “Prototype for an off-grid photovoltaic system with low
cost solar tracking,” in 2017 IEEE Mexican Humanitarian Technology
No Conference (MHTC), 2017, pp. 7–11
4. M. S. Munna, “Design , Implementation and Performance Analysis of a
Dual-Axis Autonomous Solar Tracker,” pp. 2–6, 2015. 3rd International
TURN THE PANEL TOWARDS Yes Conference on Green Energy and Technology (ICGET). 2015
Vs>Vn
NORTH 5. A. Khanna, “Efficient vertical dual axis solar tracking system,” 2016 Int.
Conf. Ind. Informatics Comput. Syst. CIICS 2016, 2016
6. J. M. Wang and C. L. Lu, “Design and implementation of a sun tracker
No with a dual axis single motor for an optical sensor-based photovoltaic
system,” Sensors (Switzerland), Journal vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 3157–3168,
2013
STOP 7. A. Shah, “Solar Tracker Guide - Types, Prices and Uses,” Green World
Investor, 2011. [Online]. Available:
Figure 3: Flow chart of system methodology http://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2011/07/06/solar-trackersguide-
types-passivesingle-axisdual-axis-2-axisprice-and-uses
8. I. S. Kim, M. B. Kim, and M. J. Youn, “New maximum power point
STANDARDS tracker using sliding-mode observer for estimation of solar array current
in the grid-connected photovoltaic system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,
vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1027–1035, 2006
UL 3703 Covers the requirements for physical
installation of solar trackers Project Supervisor:
Ms. Navdeep Kaur Dr. Sanjay K. Jain
ISO 22975-3 Specifications of solar collectors and EIED, Thapar University EIED, Thapar University
their durability
Figure 1. Actual assembly constructed by the team Academic Session: 2017-18

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