Introduction to Social Work: Lecture Notes
1. What is Social Work?
Definition: Social work is a professional practice that promotes social change, development, and the
empowerment of people. It is rooted in principles of social justice, human rights, collective
responsibility, and respect for diversities.
Goals of Social Work:
Enhance the well-being of individuals, families, and communities.
Help people develop their skills and ability to use resources to resolve problems.
Address social injustice and inequality.
2. History and Evolution of Social Work
Early Philanthropy: Originated in religious and charitable work (e.g., church aid, poor laws).
19th Century:
Emergence of organized charity work and settlement houses.
Key figures: Mary Richmond (casework), Jane Addams (community work).
Modern Social Work:
Became a recognized profession in the 20th century.
Shifted from charity to rights-based and systemic approaches.
3. Core Values and Principles of Social Work
NASW Code of Ethics (or local governing body):
Service
Social Justice
Dignity and Worth of the Person
Importance of Human Relationships
Integrity
Competence
Human Rights: Emphasis on promoting and protecting the rights of all individuals.
Social Justice: Advocating for equality and challenging discrimination.
4. Roles and Functions of a Social Worker
Direct Practice: Working with individuals, families, or groups.
Advocacy: Promoting policy and social change.
Community Work: Mobilizing communities to identify and solve issues.
Case Management: Coordinating services and resources for clients.
Research and Policy: Contributing to knowledge and development of social policies.
5. Fields of Social Work Practice
Child Welfare: Protecting children and supporting families.
Healthcare: Supporting patients and families in hospitals and clinics.
Mental Health: Providing therapy, crisis intervention, and support.
Schools: Assisting students with academic, emotional, and social issues.
Criminal Justice: Working with offenders, victims, and the justice system.
Elderly Care: Supporting aging populations and their families.
Substance Abuse: Helping individuals with addiction recovery.
6. Methods of Social Work
Casework: One-on-one work with clients to resolve personal and social issues.
Group Work: Using group processes to enhance social functioning.
Community Organization: Engaging with communities for collective action.
Social Policy and Planning: Developing and implementing social programs.
Research: Studying social problems and evaluating services.
7. The Social Work Process
Engagement – Building trust and rapport with the client.
Assessment – Understanding the client’s needs and circumstances.
Planning – Setting goals and developing an intervention strategy.
Intervention – Implementing the plan to bring change.
Evaluation – Reviewing progress and outcomes.
Termination – Ending the professional relationship appropriately.
8. Skills and Qualities of a Social Worker
Empathy
Active Listening
Communication
Critical Thinking
Cultural Competence
Boundary Setting
Advocacy and Leadership
9. Ethics and Professional Conduct
Confidentiality: Respecting the privacy of clients.
Informed Consent: Ensuring clients understand and agree to services.
Dual Relationships: Avoiding conflicts of interest.
Cultural Sensitivity: Being aware of and respecting diversity.
10. Challenges in Social Work
Burnout and Emotional Stress
Limited Resources
Ethical Dilemmas
Navigating Bureaucracy
Client Resistance
