PROJECT REPORT

ON

[ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION]

IN THE COURSE

(FOUNDATION COURSE)

SUBMITTED BY

(JINAL BHATTI)

ROLL NO : 027

FYBCOM (BCOM)

(SEMESTER II)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

(ARUN CHANDANE)
ACADEMIC YEAR

2021 - 2022
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms.JINAL BHATTI, roll number 027 of

First Year B.Com (Program Name) Semester II (2021 - 2022)
has successfully completed the Project on 25th February 2022
as per the guidelines of KES’ Shroff College of Arts and
Commerce, Kandivali(W), Mumbai-400067.

Teacher In-charge Principal

Name & Signature Dr. L. Bhushan
Name : Jinal Bhatti.
Roll No : 027.
Subject: Foundation course.
Div : A.
STD : FYBCOM.
Topic : Environmental Degradation.
Environmental Degradation.
Introduction.
The environment is something we are very familiar with.
It’s everything that makes up our Surroundings and
affects our ability to live on the earth. Environmental
degradation is a very Serious problem worldwide which
covers a variety of issues including pollution, biodiversity
Loss, and animal extinction, deforestation and
desertification, global warming, and a lot more (Brown et
al., 1987; Tian et al., 2004). The environmental
degradation is deterioration of the Environmental
through depletion of resources which includes all the
biotic and abiotic element That form our surrounding
that is air, water, soil, plant, animals, and all other living
and Non-living element of the planet of earth (Bourque
et al., 2005; Malcolm and Pitelka, 2000). Environmental
degradation is also having a useful aspect, more new
genes have been created, And some species have grown
as someones have declined. For natural selection, species
are Constantly regenerating as the environment changes,
and human activity is the main driver’s Power. Human is
also a product of nature; this shift is to natural resources.

❖ Causes of environmental degradation

The major factor of environmental degradation is human
(modern urbanization, industrialization, Overpopulation
growth, deforestation, etc.) and natural (flood, typhoons,
droughts, rising Temperatures, fires, etc.) cause.
Environmental pollution refers to the degradation of the
quality And quantity of natural resources. Different kinds
of human activities are the main reasons for
Environmental degradation. The automobile and
industries increase the number of poisonous Gases like
SOx, NOx, CO, and smoke in the atmosphere. Unplanned
urbanization and Industrialization have caused water, air,
soil, and sound pollution. Industrialization, Urbanization,
and sewage waste help to increase pollution of the
sources of water (Olorode et al.2015). Similarly, the
smoke emitted by vehicles and industries like
Chlorofluorocarbon, nitrogen Oxide, carbon monoxide,
and other dust particles pollutes the air. Since man began
to use tools And gradually formed a society, he began to
play an important role in the evolution of the natural
Environment.

Effects of environmental degradation.

➢ Impact on human health
Human health might be at the receiving end as a result of
environmental degradation. Areas Exposed to toxic air
pollutants can cause respiratory problems like
pneumonia and asthma.Millions of people are known to
have died off due to the indirect effects of air pollution
(Adakole And Oladimeji, 2006).
➢ Loss of biodiversity
Biodiversity is important for maintaining the balance of
the ecosystem in the form of combating Pollution,
restoring nutrients, protecting water sources and
stabilizing climate. Deforestation, Global warming,
overpopulation, and pollution are a few of the major
causes of loss of Biodiversity.
➢ Ozone layer depletion
The ozone layer is responsible for protecting the earth
from harmful ultraviolet rays. The presence Of
chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the
atmosphere is causing the ozone layer to Deplete. As it
will deplete, it will emit harmful radiation back to the
earth (Buhaug et al., 2010).
➢ Loss for the tourism industry
The deterioration of the environment can be a huge
setback for the tourism industry that relies on Tourists
for their daily livelihood. Environmental damage in the
form of loss of green cover, loss Of biodiversity, huge
landfills, increased air, and water pollution can be a big
turn off for most of the tourists.
➢ Economic impact
The huge cost that a country may have to borne due to
environmental degradation can have a big economic
impact in terms of restoration of green cover, cleaning
up of landfills and protection of endangered species. The
economic impact can also be in terms of the loss of the
tourism industry. As you can see, there are a lot of things
that can have an effect on the environment. If we are
not careful, we can contribute to the environmental
degradation that is occurring all around the world. We
can, however, take action to stop it and take care of the
world that we live in by providing environmental
education to the people which will help them pick
familiarity with their surroundings that will enable to
take care of environmental concerns thus making it more
useful and protected for our children and other future
generations.

❖ Extents of environmental degradation

➢ Land degradation
Trash and garbage are a common sight in urban and rural
areas of India. It is a major source of Pollution. Indian
cities alone generate more than 100 million tons of solid
waste a year. Street Corners are piled with trash. Public
places and sidewalks are despoiled with filth and litter,
rivers And canals act as garbage dumps. Soils are a key
element in the climate change equation and Perhaps the
least well understood. Although models of soil organic
matter decomposition predict Increasing rates with
increasing temperature, field measurements seem to
contradict model Results.
➢ Degradation of water resources
Microbe contamination of groundwater due to sewage
outfalls and high concentration of nutrients in marine
and coastal waters due to agricultural runoff are among
the most serious threat. Contact with unsafe drinking or
bathing water can impose serious risks (both acute and
delayed) on human health. While tap water is subject to
treatment and is required to meet detailed testing and
purity standards, it is not always disinfected of diarrhea
Inducing microorganisms, as illustrated by waterborne
disease outbreaks such as that caused by
Cryptosporidium in Milwaukie in 1993, which affected
over 400,000people. Furthermore, faecal Coliforms are
not prohibited in bottled water (Nation Staff, 1996), and
water bottled and sold Within the same state is not
subject to Food and Drug Administration standards.
➢ Degradation of fisheries.
In many parts of the world, fish is one of the important
components of the human diet. Due to this reason, fish
caught from natural water bodies increased highly. This
fact can tell us the need of studying the fish stocks in the
natural water bodies especially the commercial fishes to
manage them in an optimum way. Losses in fisheries
include natural and fishing material losses of fish due to
spoilage, breakage, size, discarding bycatch and
operational losses. Although the extent of the problem
varies from place to place, the country as a whole loses
huge quantities of fish after capture before it reaches
consumers. The need for assessment is a first step
towards overcoming losses and defining solutions to the
existing problem, Figure 4 indicated that trade work and
GDP production economic scale structure technique and
conservation of environmental policies structure.
 ❖ Solutions to Environmental Degradation
➢ Stop Deforestation
In order to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental
degradation, stopping deforestation is crucial for our
environmental system. We cannot afford to cut or burn
trees down as trees store greenhouse gases, produce
oxygen and are the natural habitat for many animals and
plants, which may become endangered if these forests
are destroyed. An extensive afforestation campaign
should be launched in the interest of environmental
protection. We can further make a positive impact
through reforestation or afforestation.
➢ Government Regulations
Governments require intervening and setting a
framework whenever there are problems that lead to
significant eco-degradation. Governments set high taxes
for activities that harm our planet and support
environmentally-friendly behavior with financial
subsidies.These will also force industries and private
people to avoid activities that lead to environmental
degradation.
➢ Fines and Punishment For Illegal dumping
There should also be high fines for illegal dumping to
reduce the adverse ecological consequences. People and
industries will continue to dump their trash illegally as
they know that even if they get caught, penalties are
quite low.Therefore, raising fines for illegal dumping
would increase the incentive to dispose of trash at
official waste disposal sites.
➢ Reduce Consumption Levels
It has become essential to reduce our consumption
levels. Our developed society always strives for the latest
electronics, smartphones, and the trendiest clothes and
so on.However, this behavior leads to huge resource
depletion and excessive production of waste. We have to
lower our consumption levels significantly to avoid the
adverse ecological consequences.
➢ Reuse and Reduce Waste Generation
You can reduce waste production by using your items
and food more efficiently. If you want to get rid of old
but still working things, be creative to give it a new look
or use it in another way.By doing so, your material things
will be used more effectively. If they cannot be put to use
anymore, separate them and give them for recycling.
➢ Avoid Plastic
Plastic waste is a big environmental problem that leads
to significant plastic pollution and the degradation of our
planet. In order to cut down plastic waste, avoid buying
items with plastic wrapper or packaging, refrain from
using disposable plastic bags, cups, plates, containers,
cutlery, etc. Instead, bring your own reusable stuff, which
can be reused several times.
CONCLUSION
The primary causes of environmental degradation in
India are attributed to the rapid growth of population in
combination with economic development and overuse of
natural resources. Major environmental calamities in
India include land degradation,deforestation, soil
erosion, habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity.
Economic growth and changing consumption patterns
have led to a rising demand for energy and increasing
transport activities. Air, water and noise pollution
together with water scarcity dominate the
environmental issues in India.According to World Bank
estimate, between 1995 through 2010, India has made
one of the fastest progresses in the world, in addressing
its environmental issues and improving its environmental
quality. Still, India has a long way to go to reach
deforestation, soil erosion, habitat destruction and loss
of biodiversity. Economic growth and changing
consumption patterns have led to a rising demand for
energy and increasing transport activities. Air, water and
noise pollution together with water scarcity dominate
the environmental issues in India. According to World
Bank estimate, between 1995 through 2010, India has
made one of the fastest progresses in the world, in
addressing its environmental issues and improving its
environmental quality. Still, India has a long way to go to
reach environmental quality similar to those enjoyed in
developed economy environmental quality similar to
those enjoyed in developed economies.
Bibliography
1) https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-
and-effects-of-environmental-degradation.php
2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_degra
dation