27 /0 4 /2 0 2 4

Exploring the World of

Numbers
The number system is a framework that organizes and categorizes different
types of numbers, each with their own unique properties and applications.
Understanding the various components of the number system is crucial for
mathematical reasoning and problem-solving.

DM Tanjerul Haque
23251708089, Sec-A

What is Number System?

A number system is a system of writing to express numbers, which is a mathematical
notation for representing numbers of a given set by using digits or other symbols in a
consistent manner

It is a unique way of representing numbers in arithmetic and algebraic structure,

providing a standard representation of every number and reflecting the arithmetic and
algebraic structure of the figures.

The number system includes different types of numbers, such as integers, whole
numbers, natural numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and so on. 1

The value of a number is determined by the digit, its place value in the number, and the
base of the number system.
 27 /0 4 /2 0 2 4

Types of Numbers

1 Natural Numbers 2 Whole Numbers 3 Integers

The set of non-negative The set of positive and

The set of positive
integers, including 0, 1, 2, negative whole numbers,
integers, such as 1, 2, 3, 4,
3, and so on. including -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,
and so on.
3, and so on.

4 Rational Numbers 5 Irrational Numbers

The set of numbers that can be expressed as a Numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio
fraction, such as 1/2, 3/4, or -5/7. of two integers, such as π (pi) and √2.

Rational vs. Irrational Numbers

Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers Key Differences

Rational numbers can be Irrational numbers cannot be Rational numbers can be

expressed as a fraction of two expressed as a simple fraction represented as fractions, while
integers, where the and have an infinite, non- irrational numbers cannot.
denominator is not zero. repeating decimal Irrational numbers have an
representation. infinite, non-repeating decimal 2
Examples: 1/2, 3/4, -5/7, 0.75, 2.5
expansion.
Examples: π (pi), √2, √3, e (the
base of natural logarithms)
 27 /0 4 /2 0 2 4

The Real Number Line

Real numbers are all numbers that can be represented on a number line. This includes:

 Integers: These are whole numbers, both positive and negative (e.g., -3, 0, 5).
 Rational Numbers: These are numbers that can be expressed as a fraction where
the numerator and denominator are integers (e.g., -1/2, 3/4, 7).
 Irrational Numbers: These are numbers that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction.
Their decimal representations never repeat and never end (e.g., pi (π), the square root of 2 (√2)).

Whole Numbers vs. Natural Numbers

Whole Numbers Natural Numbers Key Difference

Natural numbers, also known as Whole numbers include all the Whole numbers include 0, while
counting numbers, are the set of natural numbers along with natural numbers start at 1. Both
positive integers starting from 1 zero. They represent the set of sets are subsets of the integers.
and continuing indefinitely. non-negative integers, including
zero.
Examples of natural numbers 3
include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... Examples of whole numbers
include 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
 27 /0 4 /2 0 2 4

Applications of Number Systems

Arithmetic Operations Measurements and Quantification

The number system provides a foundation for Numbers are used to measure and quantify
performing basic arithmetic operations like various aspects of the physical world, such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. length, weight, time, and quantities.

Problem-Solving Scientific Modeling

Understanding the properties of different number Numbers are the foundation for scientific models
systems is essential for solving mathematical and equations used to describe and predict
problems and real-world scenarios. natural phenomena.

Number System Hierarchies

Natural Numbers 1
These are the counting numbers and start from 1, extending
infinitely. They are used to count objects. Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
2 Whole Numbers
Whole numbers include all the natural numbers along with zero. They are
used for counting and representing quantities. Example: 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
Integers 3
Integers include all whole numbers and their negatives, along with
zero. They are used for representing both counting and direction.
Example: ..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ....
4 Rational Numbers
Rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as the quotient or
fraction of two integers, where the denominator is not zero. They can be
Irrational Numbers 5 either terminating or repeating decimals. Example: 3/4, -1.25, 5, 2/3, -7/2. 4
Irrational numbers are numbers that cannot be expressed as a fraction
of two integers. They cannot be written as a simple fraction. Example:
6 Real Numbers
√2, π (pi), e (Euler's number).
Real numbers include all rational and irrational numbers. They are used to
represent quantities on a continuous number line. Example: 0, 1, -2, √2, π,
3.5, -0.75, ...