CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2019

Properties of Matter
1. Why is the tip of a nail pointed?
We know that pressure has an inverse relation with the area in contact and
as the tip of a nail is pointed, it has a small contact area due to which it
creates a situation of more pressure. Hence it could easily be pierced
through a wall.
2. What is the difference between the breathing difficulties of mountaineers
and miners?
The breathing difficulty for mountaineers is more than miners because, at
higher altitudes, atmospheric pressure is low due to lack of oxygen which
results in breathing difficulties over there.
3. Is it possible to build a barometer with water rather than mercury?
No, it is not possible to build barometer with water due to multiple
reasons. First, it cannot measure atmospheric pressure at any temperature
value below 0°C. Second, the density of water is 13.6 times less than that of
mercury and in order to measure the same pressure as of mercury, water-
based barometer should be 13.6 times taller
than that of barometer using mercury.
4. Why a stone tied with a string feels lighter
when submerged in water?
A stone tied with a string feels lighter due to
the upthrust force or buoyancy it
experiences when submerged in water. It can
be seen in the figure that upthrust is equal to
the weight of the water displaced by the
immersed substance. This upthrust carries
some of the weight.
5. How submarine can travel over as well as underwater?
A submarine can travel over as well as underwater because it can control
its buoyancy. It floats when the weight of the water it displaces becomes
equal to the weight of the ship. This displacement of water creates an
upward thrust called buoyant force. And in order to dive and control its
buoyancy, the submarine has ballast tank and auxiliary which can be filled
1
with water due to which its overall density becomes greater than the
surrounding water and it sinks.
6. Why is the cutting edge of the knife made very thin?

Prepared by: Asher Kabir | ashhtalk.blogspot.com

 CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2019

The cutting edge of the knife is made thin to decrease its area of contact.
As this area is decreased, greater pressure can be applied to cut things with
a little amount of force.
7. State two applications of atmospheric pressure at home?
Two applications of atmospheric pressure are:
 Sucking through a straw.
 Rubber sucker.
Both have been explained in the book.
8. Why we cannot use water instead of mercury in a barometer?
We cannot use water in a barometer instead of mercury due to the
following reasons:
 Water is not that sensitive to change in atmospheric pressure due to
which it could not expand linearly with the change in atmospheric
pressure.
 Water’s freezing point is 0°C, due to which it cannot measure
atmospheric pressure at a temperature below 0°C.
 Water being transparent in nature makes it difficult to read the
markings on the tube easily.
9. What is the unit used for pressure in weather maps?
Millibar is the unit used for pressure measurement in weather maps where
1𝑚𝑖𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 10−3 𝑏𝑎𝑟. .
10.What is the basic principle of the hydraulic press?
A hydraulic press works on the basic principle of “Pascal’s Law” which
states that when the pressure at one point of a confined fluid is increased,
then this pressure is transmitted equally throughout the fluid in all the
directions.
11.Why water tanks are constructed at the highest level in our houses?
Water tanks are constructed at the highest level so that water flowing
through the pipe system could attain maximum velocity under the action of
gravity. The higher the tanks are, the more velocity flowing water gains.
12.Why a small needle sinks in water and huge ships travel easily in water
without sinking?
Small needle sinks in water because of its density higher than the water.
We can also say that the weight of the water displaced by the needle is less 2
than the weight of the needle itself due to which needle sinks. Whereas in
the case of ships, the weight of the water displaced by the ships are equal

Prepared by: Asher Kabir | ashhtalk.blogspot.com

 CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2019

to the ships themselves due to which net force acting on a ship gets zero
due to which ship floats and travel easily.
13.Which material is more elastic, steel or rubber and why?
Elasticity can be defined as a resistance to change. The greater the
resistance to change, the greater is the elasticity of a material. We know
that steel offers more resistance to change in comparison to rubber
therefore, steel is more elastic of the two.
OR
Steel is more elastic than rubber because its Young's modulus is greater
than the rubber.
Good to Know
👉(In common life, we regard a substance as more elastic if the substance
could be stretched more than the other. This is the concept of a common
language but not in the case of physics. Physics counts those substances
more elastic which offer greater resistance to be stretched and deformed.
So do not be confused.)

Side Blocks
1. The densest material in the universe is a neutron star. Average density of
neutron star is _______?
The average density of neutron star is 1017 𝑘𝑔𝑚−3 .
2. Why these liquids are making separate layers.
Arrange them according to that physical quantity
responsible for this separation?
These liquids are making separate layers because
they are not mixing with each other which is due
to the difference in their densities. The liquid on
top has lesser density due to which it rises up and
the one on the bottom has the highest density
comparatively.
3. Take a transparent glass. Now pour some water, cooking oil and kerosene
oil in the glass. How do these three liquids interact with each other and
3
settle? Which principle is governing their behavior in the glass?
These fluids will create separate layers in the glass because they are
immiscible. Depending on their relative densities,

Prepared by: Asher Kabir | ashhtalk.blogspot.com

 CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2019

𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 > 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑖𝑙 > 𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑖𝑙

kerosene oil will be at the top followed by cooking oil in between and water
will lie at the bottom in the glass.
4. Take a sharp knife. Try to cut an apple with this knife. Observe the force
required to cut the apple. Now take a blunt knife and try the apple with it.
Which principle will you use to explain this?
A sharp knife has a small area of contact with the apple due to which a
greater pressure can be applied with a little amount of force to cut the
apple. When we take a blunt knife, then this knife has a thicker edge or
area of contact due to which our force falls over a large area of object
consequently produces lesser pressure. This lesser pressure takes time to
cut the apple.
5. When you try to crush an egg with one bare hand, making sure to wrap
your fingers around as much of the circumference of the egg as possible.
The egg won’t break. Why?
If we completely surround an egg with our hand and then squeeze, the
pressure we apply by squeezing is distributed evenly all over the egg. Due
to this even distribution of pressure, the egg won’t break.
6. Take a glass container. Fill it with water. Put a wooden block in it. It will
float in the water. Now put an Iron block having the same dimensions as
the wood block. This block will sink. Why?
The wooden block floats in water due to the fact that its density is less than
that of water. Whereas, the iron block sinks in the water because the
density of iron block is greater than that of water.
7. Why a heavy ship floats and a light needle sinks, although upthrust force
of water is being exerted on both the objects?
First, a heavy ship floats because its density is less than that of water
whereas, a light needle sinks due to its greater density than that of water.
Explanation:
Now buoyant force (upthrust) acts on both the objects and according to
Archimedes, the buoyant must always be equal to the weight of liquid
displaced by an object. Both the bodies displace water but because of being
denser, a needle has more mass in the same volume due to which it has
more weight than the weight of the liquid displaced by it. Consequently, 4
the buoyant force is less than the weight of the needle. Therefore, it sinks.
On the other hand, ships are less dense due to which they have less mass in
the same volume. The less mass means the less weight of the ship than the

Prepared by: Asher Kabir | ashhtalk.blogspot.com

 CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2019

weight of the liquid displaced by it. As a result, the buoyant force acting on
the ship is rather equal to or greater than the weight of the ship. That’s why
it floats.
8. Take a spring and measure its length. Fix its one end and hang a 100g
mass with it. Measure the new length of the spring. Add 100g more mass
to it and measure the length of the spring. Repeat this step for another
100g mass. What you observed??
When we add mass to the spring, it causes it to extend. By adding more
mass to the spring, more extension (𝑥) in the length can be seen.
Observation:
We observed that the extension (𝑥) produced in the spring is directly
related to the amount of mass that is added to the spring. The more mass
means the more weight or force with which the spring is pulled down.
Thus:
𝑊 = 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥
9. Young Modulus of lead is less than that of steel which of them would
stretch more easily?
The more the value of Young’s Modulus, more force is required to deform
it. Since Young Modulus of lead is less than that of steel therefore, lead can
be stretched more easily in comparison to steel.

Physical Law of Buoyancy developed by the Greek Mathematician

Archimedes is not only applicable to ships but mountains too. The holy
Quran has used the same analogue.

Prepared by: Asher Kabir | ashhtalk.blogspot.com

 CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2019

Good to Know
Ships and Mountains Analog
“And among His signs are the Two different scientists, Tom

Science
ships in the sea, like Garrison, and Micheal Allaby
Quran

mountains”. [Quran (42:32)] both compared mountains to

“His are the moving ships ships because the driving force
that float, high as mountains, behind both the mountains and
on the sea”. [Quran (55:24)] the ships is one and the same
and it’s called Buoyancy.
Mountains are those tall massive structures that protrude out of the earth and
ships are the watercraft that sail in open water.
When a ship traveling in the ocean is loaded with cargo, then it sinks and travels
deeper into the water. Similarly, rocks when covered with a thick sheet of ice
sink into the earth mantle. In much the same way as the ship rises when cargo is
removed from it, the earth crust will rise in response to the reduced load on the
mountain.
We know all this today from the research conducted by the scientists in 2013
and 2014. But flashback 14 centuries ago when the Quran was revealed, we’ll
find that it too makes the same analog.
In fact, modern scientists have used some of the exact same analogs that were
first described in the Quran over 1400 years ago.

Prepared by: Asher Kabir | ashhtalk.blogspot.com