CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)
PREPARED BY:
LEVEL IV: SKILLS LAB 118 CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
WHAT IS CPR?
• CPR stands for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, an
emergency procedure that is a combination of chest
compressions and artificial ventilation (breathing)
used to save a person’s life when a person’s heart
stops beating or breathing ceases.
• When performed right away, CPR can increase a
person’s chances
What Are the 7 Steps of CPR In Order?
The American Red Cross guidelines for performing CPR are as follows:
Before Giving CPR:
1. Check the scene and the person
Make sure the setting is safe
Tap the person on the shoulder and shout, “Are you OK?” to make sure
the
person needs help
2. Call 911 for assistance
If its not clear help is needed, call 911 (or ask a bystander to call)
Send someone to get an AED if one is available
If there is no AED available or there is no bystander to access it, stay
with the
victim, call 911, and prepare to give assistance
What Are the 7 Steps of CPR In Order?
The American Red Cross guidelines for performing CPR are as follows:
Before Giving CPR:
3. Open the airway
With the person lying on his or her back, tilt the head back slightly to
lift the chin
4. Check for breathing
• Listen carefully for sounds of breathing, for no more than 10
seconds (occasional
gasping sounds are not the same as breathing)
• If there is no breathing, begin CPR
What Are the 7 Steps of CPR In Order?
The American Red Cross guidelines for performing CPR are as follows:
Before Giving CPR:
5. Begin chest compressions
• Position hands one on top of the other in the middle of the chest
Push hard, push fast
• Use your body weight to help administer compressions at least 2
inches deep and delivered at a rate of at least 100 compressions
per minute
What Are the 7 Steps of CPR In
The American Red Cross guidelines for performing CPR are as follows:
Order?
Before Giving CPR:
6. Deliver Rescue Breaths
With the person’s head tilted back slightly and the chin lifted, pinch the nose shut
and place your mouth over the person’s mouth to make a complete seal
Blow into the person’s mouth to make the chest rise
Deliver two rescue breaths, then continue compressions
Note: If the chest does not rise with the initial rescue breath, re-tilt the head
before delivering the second breath. If the chest doesn’t rise with the second
breath, the person may be choking. After each subsequent set of 30 chest
compressions, and before attempting breaths, look for an object (inner mouth)
and, if seen, remove it.
Note: Rescue breaths are recommended by the American Red Cross. The
American Heart Association recommends calling 911 and delivering chest
compressions only.
What Are the 7 Steps of CPR In Order?
The American Red Cross guidelines for performing CPR are as follows:
Before Giving CPR:
7. Continue CPR steps
Continue with cycles of chest compressions and breathing until:
The person exhibits signs of life, such as breathing
An AED becomes available, once it is applied continue CPR if the
patient is still unresponsive EMS or a trained medical responder
arrives on the scene and takes over
Note: End the cycles if the scene becomes unsafe or you are unable
to continue performing CPR due to exhaustion
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Adult)
CPR – or Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation
-Is an emergency lifesaving procedure
performed when the heart stops
beating. Immediate CPR can double
or triple the chances of survival after
cardiac arrest.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Adult)
High-quality CPR should be performed by anyone - including bystanders.
There are five critical components:
a. Minimize interruptions in chest compressions
b. Provide compressions of adequate rate and depth
c. Avoid leaning on the victim between compressions
d. Ensure proper hand placement
e. Avoid excessive ventilation
CPR PROCEDURE:
Before starting CPR:
• Check for signs of life/breathing: Look
for normal Breathing (less than 10 secs)
• If the person doesn't respond and
another person who can help, have one
person call 911 or the local emergency
number and get the Automated
External Defibrillator (AED), if available.
Have the other person begin CPR.
Remember to spell C-A-B. Use the letters C-A-B to help remember the
order to perform the steps of CPR.
C: Compressions A: Airway B: Breathing
CPR PROCEDURE: Steps to ensure Correct compressions :
a. Place the heel of one hand in the
center of the chest on the
A. Compressions: breastbone.
Restore blood flow b. Place the heel of the other hand
• Compressions will be delivered by directly on top of the first.
using the hands to push down hard
and fast correctly on the person's c. Lift or interlace fingers.
chest. d. Position shoulders directly over the
hands.
e. Keep arms straight.
f. Lock elbows.
CPR PROCEDURE:
CPR - Simple steps to save a life
Performing CPR Compressions:
• Put the person on his or her
back on a firm surface.
• Kneel next to the person's
neck and shoulders.
• Locate the compression site
Locating the Compression Site
A. Push fingers along the
lower edge of the rib cage
toward the center of his
chest until the notch is
located. The notch is the
location where the ribs
meet the sternum, and
where the xiphoid process
begins.
Locating the Compression Site
B. Place the tip of the
middle finger in the notch
and against the bottom of
the sternum.
C. Place index finger next to the middle
finger and over the sternum . The index
finger is now above the xiphoid process.
Performing CPR Compressions
Perform 30 Chest Compressions
Compression consists of a thrust that
compresses the heart and a release that
allows the heart to refill with blood. These
compressions are delivered at a rate of
approximately 100 per minute.
Allow the chest to spring back (recoil) after each
push.
Establish a definite rhythm when performing
external chest compressions.
Performing CPR Compressions
Use a system to keep the compressions regular, smooth, and
uninterrupted:
(a) Count out loud, "One and two and three and four and five
and six and seven and eight and nine and ten and eleven and
twelve and thirteen and fourteen and fifteen and...."
(b) Push down on the sternum when saying a number.
(c) Release the pressure when saying "and."
Performing CPR Compressions
B. Breathing:
Breathe for the person
• Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose
breathing if the mouth is seriously injured or can't be opened.
• Current recommendations suggest performing rescue breathing using a
bag-mask device with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter.
Performing CPR Compressions
Administer Two Breaths.
• Immediately after giving the
thirtieth chest compression,
move hands to the casualty's
head, open his airway (head
tilt/chin lift or jaw thrust
maneuver) and administer
two breaths.
Performing CPR Compressions
Administer Two Breaths
• Immediately after giving the 30th chest compression, move
hands to the casualty's head, open his airway and administer two
breaths.
• Each breath should take about 1 second to administer.
Performing CPR Compressions
• Observe the casualty's chest out of the corner of your eye to make
sure that the chest rises when a breath is into the casualty's mouth
(or nose). The procedure should be completed within 3 to 5
seconds.
• Perform four more cycles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Each
cycle consists of administering 30 chest compressions followed by
administering two breaths.
Performing CPR Compressions
• Check for pulse and breathing. After
two full breaths of the fifth CPR cycle
has been administered, check the
carotid pulse again to confirm if the
heart has resumed beating on its
own.
Performing CPR Compressions
• If there is pulse but no breathing, initiate rescue breathing at 10 to 12 times a
minute.
• At the same time, check for signs that spontaneous breathing has resumed.
The check should take about 5 seconds.
• If no pulse, continue CPR. CPR should not be stopped for more than 10
seconds.
CPR in Action A 3D look inside the body
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Infant)
Before performing CPR:
1. Ensure that the area is safe.
2. Assess consciousness by speaking, and
tapping the infant’s heel gently to obtain a
response. Don't shake the baby.
3. Carefully turn the child on his back.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(Infant)
• Open the airway by tilting the head and lifting the chin.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Infant)
Attempt to clear airway.
• Remove any visible obstruction from the client’s mouth.
• Support head and neck with one hand, and cradle the infant face down,
head lower than the trunk over forearm (support forearm on the thigh)
• Using the heel of hand, deliver four firm back blows between the
shoulder blades.
• Turn the infant over and reinspect mouth.
• Use bulb syringe or suction to remove obstruction if possible.
• Repeat procedure if necessary.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Infant)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Infant)
• Check if the infant does not breathe after the airway is opened
through clearing.
• Initiate CPR if the infant does not breathe.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Infant)
• Locate the sternum, in the
middle of the infant’s
chest or between the
nipples.
• Place two fingers of one
hand and gently compress
the chest about 1.5 inches
(about 4 centimeters)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Infant)
• Deliver 30 chest compressions at
the sternum. (Deliver 100 to 120
compressions per minute). Count
aloud while pushing in a fairly rapid
rhythm.
• After 30 compressions, gently tip
the head back by lifting the chin
with one hand and pushing down
on the forehead with the other
hand.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Infant)
• Place lips around the newborn's nose and mouth, making
an airtight seal.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Infant)
• Give 2 gentle, rescue breaths (1 second
for each breath) into the newborn.
• Watch to see if the baby's chest rises. If
it does, give a second rescue breath.
• If the baby's chest still doesn't rise,
continue chest compressions.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Infant)
• Check if the infant begins to
normally breathe by himself.
• Turn the child on his side into
the recovery position.
How to Provide Infant (baby) CPR
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR
(AED)
• An AED, or automated external defibrillator,
is used to help those experiencing sudden
cardiac arrest. It’s a sophisticated, yet
easy-to-use.
• Its medical device that can analyze the heart
rhythm and, if necessary.
• Use to deliver an electrical shock, or
defibrillation, to help the heart re-establish an
effective rhythm.
What is an AED and how does it work?
• An AED is a type of computerized
defibrillator that automatically analyzes
the heart rhythm in people who are
experiencing cardiac arrest. When
appropriate, it delivers an electrical
shock to the heart to restore its normal
rhythm.
What Is an Automated External
Defibrillator?
• An automated external defibrillator (AED) is
a lightweight, portable device that delivers
an electric shock through the chest to the
heart. The shock can potentially stop an
irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) and allow a
normal rhythm to resume following sudden
cardiac arrest (SCA).
• SCA occurs when the heart malfunctions
and stops beating unexpectedly. If not
treated within minutes, it quickly leads to
death. Most SCAs result from ventricular
fibrillation (VF).
What Is an Automated External
Defibrillator?
• VF is a rapid and unsynchronized
heart rhythm that originates in the
heart’s lower chambers (the
ventricles). The heart must be
“defibrillated” quickly because a
victim’s chance of surviving drops by
seven to 10 percent for every minute
a normal heartbeat isn’t restored.
Why are AEDs important?
• AEDs make it possible for more people to respond
to a medical emergency where defibrillation is
required. Because AEDs are portable, they can be
used by nonmedical people (lay rescuers). They
can be made part of emergency response
programs that also include rapid use of 9-1-1 and
prompt delivery of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR). All three of these activities are vital to
improving survival from SCA.
Why are AEDs important?
• The computer calculates whether defibrillation is
needed. If it is, a recorded voice prompts the
rescuer to press the shock button on the AED. This
shock momentarily stuns the heart and stops all
activity. It gives the heart the chance to resume
beating effectively. Audible prompts guide the user
through the process. AEDs advise a shock only for
ventricular fibrillation or another life-threatening
condition called pulseless ventricular tachycardia.
Who can use an AED?
• Non-medical personnel such as police, fire service personnel, flight attendants,
security guards and other lay rescuers who have been trained in CPR can use
AEDs. Although formal training in the use of an AED is not required, it is
recommended to help the rescuer increase their comfort and level of confidence.
• However, AEDs are intended for use by the general public. Most AEDs use audible
voice prompts to guide the user through the process. Are AEDs safe to use? AEDs
are safe to use by anyone. Some studies have shown that 90% of the time AEDs
are able to detect a rhythm that should be defibrillated. This data suggests that AEDs are
highly effective in detecting when (or when not) to deliver a shock.
Where should AEDs be placed?
All first-response vehicles, including ambulances, law
enforcement vehicles and many fire engines should have an
AED. AEDs also should be placed in public areas such as
sports venues, shopping malls, airports, airplanes,
businesses, convention centers, hotels, schools, and doctors’
offices.
They should also be in any other public or private place
where large numbers of people gather or where people at
high risk for heart attacks live. They should be placed near
elevators, cafeterias, main reception areas, and on walls in
main corridors.
AED PAD POSITIONS
AED in Action A 3D Look Inside the Body
