Revision| Maths

Chapter (1) Complex Number

Formulae
𝑖𝑖 2 = −1

𝑖𝑖 1 = 𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖 2 = -1
𝑖𝑖 3 = 𝑖𝑖 2 . 𝑖𝑖 = −𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖 4 = 𝑖𝑖 2 . 𝑖𝑖 2 = (-1).(-1) = 1
𝑖𝑖 5 = 𝑖𝑖 4 . 𝑖𝑖 1 = (1).( 𝑖𝑖) = 𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖 6 = 𝑖𝑖 4 . 𝑖𝑖 2 = (1).( −1) = −1
𝑖𝑖 7 = 𝑖𝑖 4 . 𝑖𝑖 3 = (1).(- 𝑖𝑖) =- 𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖 8 = 𝑖𝑖 4 . 𝑖𝑖 4 = (1).( 1) = 1

Concept Cartesian Form

complex number z = x+ yi = ( x,y)
conjugate 𝑧𝑧̅ = x – ti = ( x, -y)
absolute value |𝑧𝑧| = |𝑧𝑧̅| = �𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2
multiplicative inverse 1
𝑧𝑧 −1 = = ×
1 𝑧𝑧̅
𝑧𝑧 𝑧𝑧 𝑧𝑧̅
product 𝑧𝑧1 𝑧𝑧2 = (𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑦𝑦1 𝑦𝑦2 , 𝑥𝑥1 𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦1 𝑥𝑥2
division 𝑧𝑧1 𝑧𝑧
= 1 × ���2
���
𝑧𝑧
𝑧𝑧2 𝑧𝑧2 𝑧𝑧2

Concept Polar/ Trigonometric Form

complex number z = r ( cos θ + i sin θ) = ( r,θ)
conjugate 𝑧𝑧̅ = r ( cos θ - i sin θ)
absolute value |𝑧𝑧| = |𝑧𝑧̅| = 𝑟𝑟 = �𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2
multiplicative inverse 𝑧𝑧 −1 = 1 = 1 ( cos ( -θ) + i sin ( -θ)
𝑧𝑧 𝑟𝑟
product 𝑧𝑧1 𝑧𝑧2 =𝑟𝑟1 𝑟𝑟2 (cos (𝜃𝜃1 +𝜃𝜃2 )+i sin (𝜃𝜃1 +𝜃𝜃2 ))
𝑧𝑧1 𝑟𝑟
division = 1 (cos (𝜃𝜃1 − 𝜃𝜃2 )+i sin (𝜃𝜃1 − 𝜃𝜃2 ))
𝑧𝑧2 𝑟𝑟2
power 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 ( cos nθ + i sin nθ)
𝑛𝑛

roots 𝑛𝑛
𝑤𝑤𝑘𝑘 = √𝑟𝑟 (cos
𝜃𝜃+2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
+ i sin
𝜃𝜃+2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
),k =0,1,2,...,(n-1)
𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛
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2025 Pastpaper
Section ( C & D)
1. Given that z = - √3 + 𝑖𝑖 , using trigonometric form of z, find 𝑧𝑧 −1 . Check your
answer showing that z𝑧𝑧 −1 = 1. (3 marks)
2. Solve 𝑧𝑧 3 = −1. (5 marks)
𝑎𝑎+𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎2 +𝑏𝑏2
3. If = 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 , prove that 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 = . (3 marks)
𝑐𝑐+𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐 2 +𝑑𝑑 2

4. Find all solutions of 𝑧𝑧 4 − 16𝑖𝑖 = 0 and indicate their positions on the xy-
coordinates plane. (5 marks)
5. Find the absolute value of the inverse of complex number z = −√3 − 𝑖𝑖.(3 marks)
6. Find all the solutions of 𝑧𝑧 3 = 8 and indicate their positions on the xy-coordinate
plane. (5 marks)
1
7. Evaluate ( + 3𝑖𝑖)3 in the form a + bi. (3 marks)
3

8. Solve the equation 𝑧𝑧 3 + 8𝑖𝑖 = 0. (5 marks)

9. Verify that z = 1 + 2i is a solution of 𝑧𝑧 2 − 5𝑧𝑧 −1 𝑧𝑧̅ − 8𝑖𝑖 = 0. (3 marks)
10.Solve the equation 𝑧𝑧 4 = 4 + 4√3 𝑖𝑖. (5 marks)
5 5 √3 𝑧𝑧
11.If a complex number z = + 𝑖𝑖 , find by using trigonometric forms.(3 marks)
2 2 𝑧𝑧̅

12.Solve the equation 𝑧𝑧 4 = −8 + 8√3𝑖𝑖, where z is a complex number.(5 marks)

13.Find the square roots of z = −8 − 8√3𝑖𝑖. (3 marks)
14.Find all the solutions of 𝑧𝑧 4 + 16 = 0 and indicate their positions on the xy-
coordinate plane. (5 marks)
15.If 𝑧𝑧1 = 1 + 3𝑖𝑖 and 𝑧𝑧2 = −2 + 𝑖𝑖, find the value of 𝑧𝑧1 𝑧𝑧�2 + 𝑧𝑧�1 𝑧𝑧2 . (3 marks)
16.Solve the equation 𝑧𝑧 4 = −4 , where z is a complex number. (5 marks)
17.Given that z = −1 + i , find the trigonometric form with -π<θ≤π. ( 3 marks)
18.Find the cube roots of the complex number z = i . ( 5 marks)
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Chapter (2) Mathematical Induction

1. Use the mathematical induction principle to prove that 6𝑛𝑛 − 1 is divisible by 5

for all natural numbers n. (3 marks)
𝑛𝑛
2. Use the mathematical induction principle to prove that n! > 3 for all natural
numbers n≥7. (5 marks)
𝑛𝑛(3𝑛𝑛−1)
3. Prove that 1 + 4 + 7 + . . . +(3n-2) = for all natural numbers n by the use
2
of the mathematical induction principle. (3 marks)
1 1 1 2𝑛𝑛
4. Prove that 1 + + + …+ = for all natural numbers n by
1+2 1+2+3 1+2+3+...+𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛+1
the use of the mathematical induction principle. (5 marks)
2 2 2 1
5. Show that + +...+ =1− for all natural numbers n, by using
31 32 3𝑛𝑛 3𝑛𝑛
principle of mathematical induction. (3 marks)
𝑛𝑛
6. Show that n! >3 for all n ≥7 , by using principle of mathematical induction.
(5 marks)
2𝑛𝑛
7. Prove that 3 − 1 is divisible by 8 for all natural numbers n> 1 by using
principle of mathematical induction. (3 marks)
8. Use the mathematical induction principle to prove that x + y is a factor of
𝑥𝑥 2𝑛𝑛+1 + 𝑦𝑦 2𝑛𝑛+1 for n ≥1. (5 marks)
9. Use the mathematical induction to prove that 1 + 5 + 9 + . . . + ( 4n-3) = 2𝑛𝑛2 − 𝑛𝑛.
(3 marks)
10.Show by the principle of mathematical induction that 22𝑛𝑛−1 + 52𝑛𝑛−1 is division
by 7 for all natural numbers n. (5 marks)
11.Use the principle of mathematical induction to prove that 2n+1< n2 for all natural
numbers n ≥3. ( 3 marks)
1 1 1 1 𝑛𝑛
12.Prove that + + +...+ = for all natural numbers n by
1.3 3.5 5.7 (2𝑛𝑛−1)(2𝑛𝑛+1) 2𝑛𝑛+1
the use of the mathematical induction principle. (5 marks)
𝑛𝑛
13.Use the mathematical principle to prove that 2n< 2 -1 for all natural numbers
n≥3. ( 3 marks)
1 1 1 1 3𝑛𝑛 −1
14.Prove that + + + ...+ 𝑛𝑛
= for all natural numbers n, by using the
3 9 27 3 2(3𝑛𝑛 )
principle of mathematical induction. (5 marks)
15.Use the mathematical induction principle to prove that 5𝑛𝑛 + 3 is divisible by 4
for all natural numbers n. (3 marks)
16.Use the mathematical induction principle to prove that 3𝑛𝑛 − 1 is divisible by 2
for all natural numbers n. (5 marks)
𝑛𝑛(𝑛𝑛+1)
17.Use the mathematical induction principle to prove that 1+ 2 + 3 + . . . +n=
2
for all natural numbers n. (3 marks)
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Chapter (3) Analytical Solid Geometry

Section (C)
1. Determine the following forms of the equation of the line passing through the
points ( 2,-1,5) and ( -1, 3, 2) (a) a coordinate form (b) a Cartesian form (c) a
vector form.
2. Find the Cartesian form of the plane equation passing through the point (8,3,3)
𝑥𝑥−1 𝑦𝑦+3 𝑧𝑧+8
and perpendicular to the line = = .
6 1 −8
3. Find the equation of the plane tangent to the sphere (𝑥𝑥 − 2 )2 + (𝑦𝑦 + 1 )2 +
(𝑧𝑧 − 1 )2 = 9 at the point ( 4, 1, 2 ).
4. Find the parametric equations of the line passing through the points A(2,4,-3) ,
And B( 3,-1,1). At what point does this line intersect the y-plane.
5. Prove that A(4,2,2), C( 16, 4,4) and B( 9, 3,3) are collinear.

Section (D)
6. Find the equation of the sphere with center ( 2,2,2) and touching the plane
x- 2y + 2z + 5 = 0 .
7. Point A has coordinates ( 7,-1, 8) and line l is defined by the Cartesian equation
𝑥𝑥−3 𝑦𝑦+1
= = z. Point B lies on l such that line AB is perpendicular to l. Find the
1 2
distance between point A and B.
8. Find the equation of the plane through ( 1,1,-1) B(6,4,-5) and C( -4, -2, 3) : (i) in
vector form (ii) in Cartesian form.
9. Find the equation of the sphere with center ( 2,1,-1) and touching the plane x +
3y + 2z -17 = 0.
10.Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point ( 1,2,3) and
𝑥𝑥−6 𝑦𝑦−7 7−𝑧𝑧
perpendicular to the line = = . Find also the distance between the
3 2 2
given point(1,2,3) and the point of intersection of two lines.
11.Find the equation of the sphere with center ( 0,1,0) and touching the plane x + 2y
– 2z = 11.
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Chapter (4)
Section (C)
1. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point(2,-3,4) and
perpendicular to the plane x + 4y – 2z = 5.
2. Find the Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the point (1,2,-1) and
𝑥𝑥 1 0 −1
parallel to the plane �𝑦𝑦� = �1�+ 𝑡𝑡1 � 1 � +𝑡𝑡2 �−1�.
𝑧𝑧 1 −1 2
3. In the parallelogram PQRS, P is ( -1,1,1) , Q is ( 2,0,-2) and S is ( 3,1,4) . Find the
coordinate of R.
4. In the parallelogram ABCD, A is ( 2,-1,4) , B is ( 5,1,2) and C is ( 3,1,4) . Find the
coordinate of D.
5. The points A(1,2,3) , B( 2,5,-1) and C(3,0,1) are vertices of a parallelogram ABCD.
Find the area of the parallelogram.
5 −1
�����⃗ �����⃗
6. The position vectors of points A and B are given by 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 =�−2� and 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 =� 3 �.
4 −1
Find the angle OBA.
3 4
7. The vector equation of the line 𝐿𝐿1 is 𝑟𝑟⃗ = �2�+ t �2� , where t ∈ R. The points
5 3
A(3,p,5) and B( q,0,2), where p and q are constants, lie on the line 𝐿𝐿1 . Find the
value of p and the value of q.
8. Find a vector of magnitude 10 units that is perpendicular to both (𝑎𝑎⃗ +𝑏𝑏�⃗) and (𝑎𝑎⃗ - 𝑏𝑏�⃗).
9. Let 𝑎𝑎⃗ , 𝑏𝑏�⃗ and 𝑐𝑐⃗ be three vectors such that |𝑎𝑎⃗| = 3 , �𝑏𝑏�⃗� = 4 , |𝑐𝑐⃗| = 5 and each one of
them being perpendicular to the sum of the other two, find �𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗ � .
−2 3 2
10. Points A, B and C have position vectors 𝑎𝑎⃗ = � 1 �, 𝑏𝑏�⃗ = �1� and 𝑐𝑐��⃗= �1�
1 2 1
respectively.
11. Find the vector equation of the plane that passes through the point ( 6,0,-2) and
contains the line x = 4 -2t , y = 3 + 5t , z = 7 + 4t.
−5 −3
12. Find the angle between the two vectors � � and � �.
12 4
Section (D)
1. Find the magnitude of unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing the points
P(1,-1,0) , Q( 2,1,-1) and R(-1,1,2).
2. The points A(4,7,8) , B( 2,3,4) and C(-1,-2,1) are the vertices of a parallelogram
ABCD. Find the coordinates of D and the area of the parallelogram ABCD.
3. The points A(2,-1,4) , B( 5,1,2) and C(3,1,4)are vertices of a parallelogram ABCD.
(i) Find the coordinates of D. (ii) Calculate the area of the parallelogram.
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Chapter (5)
Section (C)
1. In how many ways can 8 differently colored beads be threaded on a string?
2. Determine the number of positive integers that are factors of the number
25 × 32 × 354 .
3. A football team consists of a goalkeeper, two defense players, four middle players
and four forwards. Three players are chosen to collect a medal at the closing
ceremony of a competition. How many selections are possible if one middle player,
one defense player and one forward must be chosen?
4. In how many ways can all the letters of the word SUCCESSOR be arranged in a line
such that the two C's are not together in arrangement?
5. If nCr : nCr+1 : nCr+2 = 1 : 2 : 3 , then find n and r.
6. A railway carriage can seat 8 people. In how many ways can 6 people be seated in
carriage.(i)if any seat can be occupied (ii)if two particular seats have to be occupied.
7. How many words can be made with the letter of the word CONFIDENT in which
both N not come together.
8. How many five-digit codes can be formed by using each of the digits 1,2,3,4,5
exactly once do not end in 25?
9. How many permutations are there of the letters of the word PROGRAM, if they do
not end in 2 R's.
Section (D)
1. From the digits 2,3,4,5,6. (i) how many numbers greater than 4000 can be formed?
(ii) how many 4 digits numbers would be even?
2. A badminton club consists of 10 boys and 7 girls. How many mixed doubles teams
(one boy and one girl) are possible? In how many ways can a mixed double match
be arranged?
3. How many permutations of the letters SINGAPORE are ther if (i) the 4 vowels are
placed together (ii) the 4 vowels are not placed together(iii)consonants and vowels
do not appear alternately.
4.A bag contains 3 red, 4 green and 5 white cards, which are considered
distinguishable. A box is to be filled with 3 cards, and the order doesn't matter. How
many ways are there to do this so that at least two colours are used?
5. Calculate the total number of different permutation of all the letters A,B,C,D,E,F
when (i)there are no restriction(ii)the letters A and B are to be adjacent to one
another(iii)the first letter is A,B or C and the last letter is D,E and F.
6. A committee of 7 has to be formed from 9 boys and 4 girls . In how many ways can
this be done when the committee consists of (i) exactly 3 girls?(ii) at least 3 girls?
(iii) at most 3 girls?
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7. A group consists of 4 boys and 7 girls. In how many ways can a team of 5 members
be selected if the team has (i)no boys(ii) at least one boy and two girls(iii) at least
three boys.
8.A committee of three boys and three girls is to be selected from a class of 14 boys
and 17 girls. In how many ways can the committee be selected if (i) Maung Myint
Myat has to be in the committee(ii) the girls must include either Ma Aye or Ma Win,
but not both.
9. How many different 4-digit codes can be formed using all the digits 5,6,7,8 if (i)
there is no restriction(ii) repetition is not allowed (iii) repetition is not allowed and 5
is either the first or the last digit

Chapter (6)
Section (C)
1.Find the new coordinates of the point (1,3) if the coordinate axes are rotates through
an angle of θ= 45°.
2. Graph (𝑥𝑥 + 3)2 = −4(y-2) . Identify and label the vertex, axis of symmetry, focus,
directrix and end points of latus rectum.
3. Sketch the graph of the parabola (𝑥𝑥 + 3)2 = -4 (y-1) showing the vertex, focus,
directrix and end points of latus rectum.
1
4. Sketch the graph of x = - (𝑦𝑦 + 1)2 − 2 showing the focus and directrix.
2
5. Find the general equation of the parabola whose vertex is the origin and passes
through the points ( -2,-4) and ( -2, 4).
6. Find the general form of the equation of the circle which passes through the points
(0,0) , ( 4,0) and ( 0,2).
7. Find the equation of the directrix of the parabola (𝑦𝑦 − 1)2 − 8(𝑥𝑥 + 3) = 0.
8. Determine whether the given equation 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑦𝑦 2 - 24 x + 16y = 48 represents a
circle, a point or no graph. If the equation represents a circle, find the center and
radius.
9. Write the given equation 𝑦𝑦 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑦𝑦 − 3 = 0 in standard form. And then find
the focus and directrix.
Section (D)
1. Rotate the coordinate axes to remove the xy-term of the equation
9𝑥𝑥 2 + 12𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 2 - 72 x + 10y - 36 = 0 in x'y' – coordinate system. Then sketch the
graph.
2. Determine the equation of the parabola, whose axis of symmetry is the line y=1
passing through the points (1,3) and (-2,-3).
3. Rotate the coordinate axes to remove the xy-term of the equation
(√3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦)2 = -2 (x+√3𝑦𝑦) in x'y' – coordinate system. Then sketch the graph.
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4. Rotate the coordinate axes to remove the xy-term of the equation

(√3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦)2 = -2 (x-√3𝑦𝑦) in x'y' – coordinate system. Then sketch the graph.
5. Rotate the coordinate axes to remove the xy-term of the equation
𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 2 +√2 x - √2y = 0 in x'y' – coordinate system. Then sketch the graph.
6. Write the given equation 4𝑦𝑦 2 +12x – 12y + 39 = 0 in standard form. Sketch the graph
showing the vertex, focus, directrix and end points of latus rectum.
7. Rotate the coordinate axes to remove the xy-term of the equation
𝑥𝑥 2 − 2√3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 2 +8√3 x+8y = 0 in x'y' – coordinate system. Then sketch the
graph.
8. Express the given equation of the parabola 𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 8𝑦𝑦 + 9 = 0 in standard form.
Sketch its graph and identify the vertex, focus, directrix and end points of latus
rectum.
9. The graph of the parabola 𝑦𝑦 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 = 0 , show that the vertex, focus, directrix and
end points of latus rectum.

Chapter (7)
Section (D)
3𝜋𝜋
1. Draw the graph of y = cos ( x - ) + 3.
4

2. The graph represents y = a cos bx + k , where a, b and k are constant. Two points –
one a minimum and the other a maximum – are indicated on the graph.

(a) Find the value of a, b and k.

(b)For these values of a, b and k, find the step-by-step transformation of the function
y = a cos bx + k from the function y = cos x.
𝜋𝜋
3. Draw the graph of y = 3 sin (𝑥𝑥 − 1 ) + 4 .
3
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1. Use the mathematical induction principle to prove that 6𝑛𝑛 − 1 is divisible by 5 for
all natural numbers n.
Let P(n) denote the statement 6𝑛𝑛 – 1 is divisible by 5.
(1) For n =1, , 61 – 1 = 5 which is divisible by 5.
The statement is true for n = 1.
(2) Assume that the statement is true for n=k, that is
6𝑘𝑘 – 1 is divisible by 5.

We will show that the statement is true for n = k+1, that is

we have to show that 6𝑘𝑘+1 – 1 is divisible by 5.

It is proved that
6𝑘𝑘+1 – 1 = 6𝑘𝑘 . 61 – 1
= 6𝑘𝑘 . 61 –6𝑘𝑘 +6𝑘𝑘 – 1
= 6𝑘𝑘 ( 6 – 1 )+ ( 6𝑘𝑘 – 1 )
= 6𝑘𝑘 ( 5 )+ ( 6𝑘𝑘 – 1 )

Since 6𝑘𝑘 ( 5 ) is divisible by and ( 6𝑘𝑘 – 1 ) is divisible by 5, we can say that

6𝑘𝑘 ( 5 )+ ( 6𝑘𝑘 – 1 ) is also divisible by 5. So, 6𝑘𝑘+1 – 1 is divisible by 5.
Therefore, the statement is true for n = k +1.
(3) Hence, by principle of mathematical induction, the statement P(n) is true for
all natural numbers n.

2. Use the mathematical induction principle to prove that n! > 3𝑛𝑛 for all natural
numbers n≥7.
Let P(n) denote the statement n ! >3𝑛𝑛 .
(1) For n = 7 , L.H.S = 7! = 5040
R.H.S = 37 = 2187
L.H.S > R.H.S
The statement is true for n = 7.

(2) Assume that the statement is true for n=k ≥ 7, that is

k!>3𝑘𝑘
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We will show that the statement is true for n = k+1, that is

we have to show that (k+1)! > 3𝑘𝑘+1 .
It is proved that (k+1)! = ( k+1) k!
>3𝑘𝑘 ( k+1) ( ∵ k!>3𝑘𝑘 )
> 3𝑘𝑘 . 3 ( ∵ k+1 > 3 because k≥7)
> 3𝑘𝑘+1
Hence (k+1)! > 3𝑘𝑘+1.
Therefore, the statement is true for n = k +1.

(3)Hence, by principle of mathematical induction, the statement P(n) is

true for all natural numbers n.
𝑛𝑛(3𝑛𝑛−1)
3. Prove that 1 + 4 + 7 + . . . +(3n-2) = for all natural numbers n by the use of the
2
mathematical induction principle.
𝑛𝑛(3𝑛𝑛−1)
Let P(n) denote the statement 1 + 4 + 7 + . . . + (3n-2) = 2
.

(1) For n=1, L.H.S = 1

1(3(1)−1)
R.H.S = 2
=1

L.H.S = R.H.S
The statement is true for n = 1.
(2) Assume that the statement is true for n = k , that is
𝑘𝑘(3𝑘𝑘−1)
1 + 4 + 7 + . . . + (3k - 2) = 2
.

We will show that the statement is true for n = k+1, that is

(𝑘𝑘+1)(3(𝑘𝑘+1)−1)
we have to show that, 1 + 4 + 7 + . . . + (3k - 2)+ (3(k+1) - 2) = 2
( 𝑘𝑘+1)(3𝑘𝑘+2)
= 2

It is proved that
𝑘𝑘(3𝑘𝑘−1)
1 + 4 + 7 + . . . + (3k - 2)+ (3(k+1) - 2) = 2
+ (3(k+1) - 2)
𝑘𝑘(3𝑘𝑘−1)
= 2
+ (3k+1)
3𝑘𝑘 2 −𝑘𝑘+6𝑘𝑘+2 3𝑘𝑘 2 +5𝑘𝑘+2 ( 𝑘𝑘+1)(3𝑘𝑘+2)
= 2
= 2
= 2

Therefore, the statement is true for n = k +1.

(3) Hence, by principle of mathematical induction, the statement P(n) is true for
all natural numbers n.
 Revision| Maths

1 1 1 2𝑛𝑛
4. Prove that 1 + + + …+ = for all natural numbers n by the
1+2 1+2+3 1+2+3+...+𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛+1

use of the mathematical induction principle.

1 1 1 2𝑛𝑛
Let P(n) denote the statement 1 + 1+2 + 1+2+3 + . . . + 1+2+3+⋯+𝑛𝑛 = 𝑛𝑛+1 .

(1) For n =1, L.H. S = 1

2(1)
R.H.S = 1+1
=1

L.H.S = R.H.S
The statement is true for n = 1.
(2) Assume that the statement is true for n=k, that is
1 1 1 2𝑘𝑘
1 + 1+2 + 1+2+3 + . . . + 1+2+3+⋯+𝑘𝑘 = 𝑘𝑘+1

We will show that the statement is true for n = k+1, that is

we have to show that,
1 1 1 2(𝑘𝑘+1) 2𝑘𝑘+2
1 + 1+2
+ 1+2+3
+ ...+ 1+2+3+⋯+(𝑘𝑘+1)
= =
(𝑘𝑘+1)+1 𝑘𝑘+2

It is proved that,
1 1 1 1
1 + + + ...+ +
1+2 1+2+3 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑘𝑘 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (𝑘𝑘 + 1)
2𝑘𝑘 1
= +
𝑘𝑘 + 1 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (𝑘𝑘 + 1)
Therefore, the statement is true for n = k +1.
(3) Hence, by principle of mathematical induction, the statement P(n) is true for all
natural numbers n.