IGCSE Global Perspectives (0457)

Personal element
[Component 3]

Centre Name: Hellenic Greek International School

Word count: approximately 1693

Introduction

War-based on the Britannica encyclopedia is a conflict between political groups involving hostilities of considerable duration and
magnitude .Jean Hellion1 , a famous French painter known for his masterpieces elaborate the connection between war and peace by the
famous quote “ peace is not the absence of war it is a virtue a state of mind, a disposition for benevolence , confidence and justice
“.Since the creation of human being war was one of its history taking lives of innocents , taking freedom of others and making
many States unstable .

Nowadays, we see wars in every corner of the globe and the impact is huge on less economically developed countries (LEDCs)
making their economy worse we can mention the Sudan war as an example

1
Jean Hélion, n.d., Peace Quote, Quote Master. Available at:
https://www.quotemaster.org/quote/jean+helion
Cause and consequences

War is one of the fundamental problems of LEDCs especially fur LEDCs in Africa and this is caused by different factors and one of
the key factor is the absence of political stability which contributes a lot we can mention the south Sudan civil war 2from 2013 to
2018 which was after the eve of gaining independence south Sudan got itself in civil war caused3 by political power struggle between
president Salava Kiir and his former deputy Reik Machar.
And this political instability will open door for ethnic and religious tensions we can mention the 1990 to 1994vRwandan genocide 4
and civil war caused by the political instability of Rwanda after president Juvenal Habyarimana was assassinated which gave the
opportunity to Hutu majority to declare war on Tutsis minorities approximately 800,000 peoples most of them Tutsis were killed and
many were displaced .
Competition over natural resource also can be a factor for an outbreak of war on LEDCs the second Congo war between 5 1998 to
2003 it is also known as Africa’s world war which involved nine countries on a mineral rich regions .

2
Al Jazeera, 2023, Sudan conflict: A timeline, Al Jazeera News. Available at:
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/20/sudan-conflict-timeline

3
United Nations, 2020, South Sudan: Civil war and peace process, United Nations News. Available at:
https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1075532

4
BBC, 2019, Rwanda genocide: 100 days of slaughter, BBC News. Available at:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26875506

5
Britannica, 2024, Second Congo War, Encyclopedia Britannica. Available at:
https://www.britannica.com/event/Second-Congo-War
War is not only created by an internal force sometimes external power from foreign countries can also be factor for war to start here
is an example the Syrian civil6 war it was a proxy war after the internal political unrest and protests against Assad regime .
All this factors mentioned above have their own consequences people will lose their lives , there will be mass displacement ,it will
economy severely ,destruct facilities ,destruct facilities like health care education and so on the horrors of the war will give
psychological trauma making the development of the country far.
Perspective
War makes life in poor countries very bad. These poor countries are called LEDCs. When war arises, many things break. People
cannot live normally. There is no peace. There is no security. People are afraid. They lose their homes, jobs, schools, hospitals, clean
water. Many people die. Many people flee their country. War has been a problem for many years. Roads, schools and factories are
destroyed by war. People can't go to work or school. The farm is broken and food is lost. The country loses money. The government
cannot help people. In some countries, they borrow money to buy weapons and pay soldiers. However, after the war, you still have to
pay back the money. That's a big problem. "The United Nations says that in some countries they pay more than help children and sick
people7. The poor become poor.

War makes people run away. They leave their homes and go elsewhere. They are called refugees. You don't have enough food or
water. You don't have a good home. Life is very difficult. The kids stop going to school. The teacher runs away. Schools are closed or
broken. Some students are taken to soldiers. Learning will stop. μ Many children do not go to school again after the war. The doctor
and nurse will go. People who are sick don't have help. Many people die from minor illnesses. There are no medicines. There is no
clean water. The food is not safe.human get sick by drinking dirty water. There are more people who have stress, fear and sadness.
Your thoughts are wrong. But no one helps them. People feel lonely and hurt inside. It's very bad for kids. -You see battle and blood.

6
Council on Foreign Relations, 2023, Syria's Civil War and Proxy Conflict, CFR.org. Available at:
https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/syrias-civil-war

7
NHCR, 2023, Refugees and displacement due to conflict, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR). Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/refugees
You are afraid every day. This can hurt your brain for a long time.

War also naturally violates war. The tree falls. The animals are killed. The farm will be destroyed. The river is dirty. In some places,
animals such as elephants and lions disappeared due to war. People can't grow food. The country will dry out and empty. It
exacerbates hunger. The war system has been damaged in Ukraine. ¹This happens in poor countries too. People and animals die
without water.

The Central African Republic is the country with many problems. The war there began in 2013. People don't have money. The country
lost almost half of its money. The streets and shops are gone. Many people need food and help from other countries. Schools and
hospitals don't work well. The kids don't go to school. People who are sick die. The country is very weak. It's difficult to fix.

War defeats all poor countries. People lose their home, their jobs, their school and their hopes. The country is poor and sick. Even after
the war ended, problems remain for many years. People try to live again, but that's not easy. You need help. The world must help these
countries. We need peace, food, water, schools, doctors. Security is required. Without help, poor countries will remain poor forever.
War is very bad for LEDCs. Peace is the only way to improve again.

Course of action
War is one of the unavoidable thing in our planet but at least we can minimize the possibility of occurring and, here are some
solutions that I think will be beneficial .
1. peace talks and diplomacy between different part of the society to give the chance to the public to reflect its comment
and opinions towards peace this will help the stake holders in the government to work on their weaknesses.
2. There should be strong and fair government without any biased actions because when one party is favored by the
government there will be discrimination to others so the presence of fair government will create peaceful country.
3. Educating the people about peaceful ways to solve conflicts which reduce the chance of violence.
4. Protecting human right of the people equally and fairly so there will be less chance of fight.
 5. Economic support and job creation will reduce the chance of war giving people hope and income when there is no job
people will join armed groups 8.

Source Analysis
I used different websites to learn about war. One of them was Britannica. It helped me understand what war means. I also read news
stories about wars in South Sudan, Rwanda, Congo, and Syria. These stories helped me learn why wars start and what happens to
people and countries after war. Most of the websites said the same or similar things. That makes me think they are true. But some
websites did not give numbers or strong details. They just told the story in a short way. Some things were missing. Still, they were
helpful for my report.The websites gave different reasons for war. Some said war happens because the leaders fight for power. Others
said war happens because other countries get involved. For example, in the Congo war, some people say it was outside countries. But
others say it started inside the country. This shows that war can have many causes, not just one.Some sources said what happened right
away, like people dying, losing homes, or running away. But they did not talk much about the future problems, like schools closing, or
the country losing money. That is also important to understand.Many of the websites were from rich countries. They talk about poor
countries and their problems. Sometimes, they make poor countries look very bad. This could be unfair.Even with some problems, the
sources helped me understand war better. They gave me good examples. They showed how war hurts people, buildings, animals, and
the environment. They also helped me think of ideas to stop war. I think things like peace talks, good government, and jobs can help.
Conclusion
War is very bad for LEDCs. It hurts people, homes, jobs, schools, and hospitals. Many people die or run away. War makes countries
very poor. It destroys farms, clean water, and roads. Children cannot go to school. Sick people cannot get help. Many people live in
fear and sadness.My research showed that war happens for many reasons. Some wars start because leaders fight for power. Some start
because other countries get involved. Sometimes war happens because people fight over land or resources. I learned that war does not
have just one cause. Many problems come together and make war happen.I also saw that war causes long-term problems. Even after a
war ends, countries stay poor and weak for many years. People have no jobs, no schools, and no good hospitals. They need a lot of

8
International Committee of the Red Cross, 2023, The environmental consequences of armed conflict,
ICRC. Available at:https://www.icrc.org/en/document/environmental-consequences-armed-conflict
help to start again.To stop war, we need peace talks, good leaders, education, and jobs. Governments must be fair to everyone. People
must learn how to solve problems without fighting. Helping people find work and hope is very important.In the end, peace is the best
way for LEDCs to grow and have a good future. War only brings sadness and problems. All countries must work together to help stop
wars and bring peace.