GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL of ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING

FINAL EXAM
DATE: 27-Apr-18 COURSE: ECE-2026

NAME: GT ID:
LAST, FIRST (ex: buzz1a)

3 points 3 points 3 points

Recitation Section: Circle the date & time when your Recitation Section meets (not Lab):
L06:Thur-Noon (Fekri)
L08:Thurs-1:30pm (Fekri)
L01:M-3pm (Valenta) L09:Tues-3pm (Rohling) L02:W-3pm (Yang) L10:Thur-3pm (Marenco)
L03:M-4:30pm (Valenta) L11:Tues-4:30pm (Rohling) L04:W-4:30pm (Yang) L12:Thur-4:30pm (Marenco)

• Write your name on the front page ONLY. DO NOT unstaple the test.

• Closed book, but a calculator is permitted.

00
• One sheet (8 12 ⇥ 1100 ) of notes permitted. OK to write on both sides.

• justify your reasoning clearly to receive partial credit.

Explanations are also required to receive full credit for any answer.

• You must write your answer in the space provided on the exam paper itself.
Only these answers will be graded. Circle your answers, or write them in the boxes provided.
If space is needed for scratch work, use the backs of previous pages.

Problem Value Score

1 20
2 11
3 10
4 16
5 12
6 14
7 17
No/Wrong Rec 3
Problem F.1:

Basic Concepts

Each part of this problem is independent of the others.

(a) [3 pts] What is the instantaneous frequency of the following signal at time t = 9 in Hertz?
p
x(t) = 4 cos(2⇡t + 3⇡ t ⇡/5)

(b) [3 pts] Find a real, positive amplitude A and a phase between ⇡ and ⇡ so that the
following equation is true:

A cos(6⇡t ⇡/4) 0.5 sin(6⇡t + ) = 0.5 cos(6⇡t).

(c) [2 pts] What is the length of y[n] = x[n] ⇤ h[n] if x[n] and h[n] have lengths 19 and 47
respectively?

(d) [3 pts] Suppose x(t) = |cos(2⇡ · 30t)|. What is the the fundamental frequency of x(t) in
Hertz?

(e) [3 pts] Sketch the spectrum (not spectrogram) of the following signal.

x(t) = (1 + 0.3 cos(50⇡t)) cos(250⇡t + ⇡/5)

 1 2
(f) [3 pts] Given H(ej !ˆ ) = ˆ,
1+e 2j !
find a simplified expression for H(ej !ˆ ) . (There should be
no j’s in your answer!)

(g) [3 pts] Evaluate the following sum and express it in the form Aej✓ .
10
X 1)
z= ej(2⇡k/12+⇡
k=0
Problem F.2:

Frequency Response

y1[n] = x2[n]
x1[n] System 1 System 2 y2[n]

Two systems are connected in cascade, as shown in the figure above. The first system is described
by the following di↵erence equation:

y1 [n] = x1 [n] + b1 x1 [n 1] + x1 [n 2]

The second system is described by the following di↵erence equation:

y2 [n] = a2 y2 [n 1] + x2 [n]

(a) [5 pts] Write an expression for H(z), the system function of the overall cascade system.

(b) [6 pts] When the input to the overall cascade system is the following:

x1 [n] = 2( 1)n + 2 cos(⇡n/2 + ⇡/3)

the corresponding output of the overall system is:

y2 [n] = cos(⇡n/2 + )

Determine the numerical values of b1 .Show enough work to make it clear how you arrived at
your final answer.
Problem F.3:

Frequency Response

[10 pts] (2 pts each) Pick the correct frequency response characteristic and enter the number in
the answer box.

(a) y[n] = 12 y[n 1] + x[n] 1. H(ej !ˆ ) = e j!

ˆ (1 + 2 cos !
ˆ)

2. 6 H(ej !ˆ ) = 3ˆ
!

1 n
(b) h[n] = 2 u[n] 3. H(ej !ˆ ) = sin 2ˆ !e j1.5ˆ
!
sin 12 !
ˆ

2
4. H(ej !ˆ ) = 2 + 2 cos(ˆ
!) (mag. squared)

(c) yn = filter([1,1],1,xn)
1
5. H(ej !ˆ ) = 2e j2ˆ
!
2 + cos !
ˆ + cos 2ˆ
!

6. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1
j!
ˆ
P3 1 + 12 e
(d) h[n] = k=0 [n k]

1
7. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1 2e
j!
ˆ

(e) H(z) = 1 + z 1 +z 2 +z 3 +z 4 8. H(ej !ˆ ) = sin1!ˆ

sin 2 !
ˆ

9. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1
1 j!
ˆ
1 2e
Problem F.4:

Frequency and Impulse Responses

[16 pts] (2 pts each) Below are the pole-zero plots of the z-transforms (H(z)) of four discrete-time
systems. On the following pages are plots of magnitude frequency responses ( H(ej ! ˆ ) ) and im-
pulse responses (h[n]). The numbers on the pole-zero plots represent the multiplicity of the poles
and zeros. For each pole-zero plot, enter the letter of the matching frequency response and impulse
response respectively. If it is helpful, you can tear the next two pages out of the exam to facilitate
comparison, but turn them in with your exam.

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =
 (Magnitude) Frequency Responses

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

A B C

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

D E F

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

G H
 Impulse Responses

2 2 2

1.5 1.5 1.5

1 1 1

0.5 0.5 0.5

0 0 0

-0.5 -0.5 -0.5

-1 -1 -1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

i j k

2 2 2
1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1
1
0.5 0.5
0 0 0.5

-0.5 -0.5 0
-1 -1 -0.5
-1.5 -1.5
-1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

l m n

2 2

1.5 1.5

1 1

0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

o p
Problem F.5:

Sampling and Aliasing Ideal

- C/D -
xc (t) x[n]
Converter
6
Ts = 1/fs
For each of the following questions, refer to ideal sampling system above.

(a) [4 pts] For a sampling frequency of fs = 400 Hz determine x[n] when

x(t) = cos(300 · 2⇡t + ⇡/3).

(b) [4 pts] Determine one value of fs such that x[n] = 0 when

x(t) = cos(400⇡t + ⇡/2) + cos(200⇡t + ⇡/2).

(c) [4 pts] Suppose, as in part b, x(t) = cos(400⇡t + ⇡/2) + cos(200⇡t + ⇡/2). Determine a
general equation for all values of fs such that x[n] = 0. Hint, at least one of the values is in
the range 100  fs  200.
Problem F.6:

Frequency Response

For all parts of this problem, consider the following system for discrete-time filtering of a continuous-
time signal.

Ideal LTI Ideal

- C/D - System - D/C -
xc (t) x[n] H(z) y[n] yc (t)
Converter Converter
6 6
Ts Ts
The system function, H(z), of the discrete-time IIR system can be derived from the di↵erence
equation
y[n] = 0.9 y[n 1] 0.81y[n 2] + x[n] + x[n 1] + x[n 2].

(a) [4 pts] For = 1, determine the poles and zeros of the system and plot your answer on the
following pole-zero plot.

−1 1
0

−j

(b) [5 pts] This system is a notch filter with the null frequency determined by . Sketch the
magnitude frequency response of this system for = 1 over ⇡  ! ˆ  ⇡.
(c) [5 pts] For a sampling rate of fs = 2000 Hz, determine a new value of so that the system
will null out a frequency component at 500Hz.
Problem F.7:

DFT Properties

Each part of this problem is independent of the others.

(a) [4 pts] Suppose the DFT, X[k], of a sequence x[n] below, is real. That is, X ⇤ [k] = X[k] for
k = 0, . . . , 6. Can the unknown values of x[n] be determined? If yes, give the missing values.
If no, then justify your answer.
{1, 7, ?, ?, 6, 5, 7}

(b) [3 pts] If X8 [k] is the 8-point DFT of a sequence {a, b, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0}, Express X4 [k], the
4-point DFT, of the sequence {a, b, c, d} in terms of X8 [k].

(c) [3 pts] Given an unknown length-5 real sequence x[n] with a corresponding 5-point DFT
coefficient sequence X[k] = {0, 1, j, j, 1}, determine x[0].
(d) [4 pts] Given the signal (
cos(2⇡n/5) n = 0, . . . , 4
x[n] =
0 otherwise
Compute the 5-point DFT, X[k], of x[n].

(e) [3 pts] For a DFT of length N = 5, fill in the table below to show how the indices, k,
ˆ of the DTFT, X(ej !ˆ ), of x[n].
correspond to the frequencies !
k !
ˆ

4
 GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL of ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING
FINAL EXAM
DATE: April 27, 2018 COURSE: ECE-2026

NAME: GT ID:
LAST, FIRST (ex: buzz2b)

3 points 3 points 3 points

Recitation Section: Circle the date & time when your Recitation Section meets (not Lab):
L06:Thur-Noon (Fekri)
L08:Thurs-1:30pm (Fekri)
L01:M-3pm (Valenta) L09:Tues-3pm (Rohling) L02:W-3pm (Yang) L10:Thur-3pm (Marenco)
L03:M-4:30pm (Valenta) L11:Tues-4:30pm (Rohling) L04:W-4:30pm (Yang) L12:Thur-4:30pm (Marenco)

• Write your name on the front page ONLY. DO NOT unstaple the test.

• Closed book, but a calculator is permitted.

00
• One sheet (8 12 ⇥ 1100 ) of notes permitted. OK to write on both sides.

• justify your reasoning clearly to receive partial credit.

Explanations are also required to receive full credit for any answer.

• You must write your answer in the space provided on the exam paper itself.
Only these answers will be graded. Circle your answers, or write them in the boxes provided.
If space is needed for scratch work, use the backs of previous pages.

Problem Value Score

1 20
2 11
3 10
4 16
5 12
6 14
7 17
No/Wrong Rec 3
Problem F.1:

Basic Concepts

Each part of this problem is independent of the others.

(a) [3 pts] What is the instantaneous frequency of the following signal at time t = 9 in Hertz?
p
x(t) = 4 cos(2⇡t + 3⇡ t ⇡/5)

(b) [3 pts] Find a real, positive amplitude A and a phase between ⇡ and ⇡ so that the
following equation is true:

A cos(6⇡t ⇡/4) 0.5 sin(6⇡t + ) = 0.5 cos(6⇡t).

(c) [2 pts] What is the length of y[n] = x[n] ⇤ h[n] if x[n] and h[n] have lengths 112 and 20
respectively?

(d) [3 pts] Suppose x(t) = |cos(2⇡ · 30t)|. What is the the fundamental frequency of x(t) in
Hertz?

(e) [3 pts] Sketch the spectrum (not spectrogram) of the following signal.

x(t) = (1 + 0.3 cos(50⇡t)) cos(250⇡t + ⇡/5)

 e 2j !
ˆ 2
(f) [3 pts] Given H(ej !ˆ ) = 1+e 2j !ˆ, find a simplified expression for H(ej !ˆ ) . (There should be
no j’s in your answer!)

(g) [3 pts] Evaluate the following sum and express it in the form Aej✓ .
8
X 1)
z= ej(2⇡k/10+⇡
k=0
Problem F.2:

Frequency Response

y1[n] = x2[n]
x1[n] System 1 System 2 y2[n]

Two systems are connected in cascade, as shown in the figure above. The first system is described
by the following di↵erence equation:

y1 [n] = x1 [n] + b1 x1 [n 1] + x1 [n 2]

The second system is described by the following di↵erence equation:

y2 [n] = a2 y2 [n 1] + x2 [n]

(a) [5 pts] Write an expression for H(z), the system function of the overall cascade system.

(b) [6 pts] When the input to the overall cascade system is the following:

x1 [n] = 2( 1)n + 2 cos(⇡n/2 + ⇡/3)

the corresponding output of the overall system is:

y2 [n] = cos(⇡n/2 + )

Determine the numerical values of b1 .Show enough work to make it clear how you arrived at
your final answer.
Problem F.3:

Frequency Response

[10 pts] (2 pts each) Pick the correct frequency response characteristic and enter the number in
the answer box.

1 n
(a) h[n] = 2 u[n] 1. H(ej !ˆ ) = e j!
ˆ (1 + 2 cos !
ˆ)

2. 6 H(ej !ˆ ) = 3ˆ
!

(b) y[n] = 12 y[n 1] + x[n] 3. H(ej !ˆ ) = sin 2ˆ !e j1.5ˆ

!
sin 12 !
ˆ

2
4. H(ej !ˆ ) = 2 + 2 cos(ˆ
!) (mag. squared)

(c) yn = filter([1,1],1,xn)
1
5. H(ej !ˆ ) = 2e j2ˆ
!
2 + cos !
ˆ + cos 2ˆ
!

6. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1
j!
ˆ
1 + 12 e
(d) H(z) = 1 + z 1 +z 2 +z 3 +z 4

1
7. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1 2e
j!
ˆ

P3
(e) h[n] = k=0 [n k] 8. H(ej !ˆ ) = sin1!ˆ
sin 2 !
ˆ

9. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1
1 j!
ˆ
1 2e
Problem F.4:

Frequency and Impulse Responses

[16 pts] (2 pts each) Below are the pole-zero plots of the z-transforms (H(z)) of four discrete-time
systems. On the following pages are plots of magnitude frequency responses ( H(ej ! ˆ ) ) and im-
pulse responses (h[n]). The numbers on the pole-zero plots represent the multiplicity of the poles
and zeros. For each pole-zero plot, enter the letter of the matching frequency response and impulse
response respectively. If it is helpful, you can tear the next two pages out of the exam to facilitate
comparison, but turn them in with your exam.

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

2 3 ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =
 (Magnitude) Frequency Responses

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

A B C

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

D E F

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

G H
 Impulse Responses

2 2 2

1.5 1.5 1.5

1 1 1

0.5 0.5 0.5

0 0 0

-0.5 -0.5 -0.5

-1 -1 -1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

i j k

2 2 2
1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1
1
0.5 0.5
0 0 0.5

-0.5 -0.5 0
-1 -1 -0.5
-1.5 -1.5
-1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

l m n

2 2

1.5 1.5

1 1

0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

o p
Problem F.5:

Sampling and Aliasing Ideal

- C/D -
xc (t) x[n]
Converter
6
Ts = 1/fs
For each of the following questions, refer to ideal sampling system above.

(a) [4 pts] For a sampling frequency of fs = 400 Hz determine x[n] when

x(t) = cos(250 · 2⇡t + ⇡/3).

(b) [4 pts] Determine one value of fs such that x[n] = 0 when

x(t) = cos(800⇡t + ⇡/2) + cos(1200⇡t + ⇡/2).

(c) [4 pts] Suppose, as in part b, x(t) = cos(800⇡t + ⇡/2) + cos(1200⇡t + ⇡/2). Determine a
general equation for all values of fs such that x[n] = 0. Hint, at least one of the values is in
the range 400  fs  600.
Problem F.6:

Frequency Response

For all parts of this problem, consider the following system for discrete-time filtering of a continuous-
time signal.

Ideal LTI Ideal

- C/D - System - D/C -
xc (t) x[n] H(z) y[n] yc (t)
Converter Converter
6 6
Ts Ts
The system function, H(z), of the discrete-time IIR system can be derived from the di↵erence
equation
y[n] = 0.9 y[n 1] 0.81y[n 2] + x[n] + x[n 1] + x[n 2].
p
(a) [4 pts] For = 2, determine the poles and zeros of the system and plot your answer on
the following pole-zero plot.

−1 1
0

−j

(b) [5 pts] This system is a notch filter with the null frequency
p determined by . Sketch the
magnitude frequency response of this system for = 2 over ⇡  !ˆ  ⇡.
(c) [5 pts] For a sampling rate of fs = 900 Hz, determine a new value of so that the system
will null out a frequency component at 300Hz.
Problem F.7:

DFT Properties

Each part of this problem is independent of the others.

(a) [4 pts] Suppose the DFT, X[k], of a sequence x[n] below, is real. That is, X ⇤ [k] = X[k] for
k = 0, . . . , 6. Can the unknown values of x[n] be determined? If yes, give the missing values.
If no, then justify your answer.
{1, ?, ?, 6, 6, 4, 3}

(b) [3 pts] If X8 [k] is the 8-point DFT of a sequence {a, b, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0}, Express X4 [k], the
4-point DFT, of the sequence {a, b, c, d} in terms of X8 [k].

(c) [3 pts] Given an unknown length-5 real sequence x[n] with a corresponding 5-point DFT
coefficient sequence X[k] = {0, j, j, j, j}, determine x[0].
(d) [4 pts] Given the signal (
cos(2⇡n/5) n = 0, . . . , 4
x[n] =
0 otherwise
Compute the 5-point DFT, X[k], of x[n].

(e) [3 pts] For a DFT of length N = 5, fill in the table below to show how the indices, k,
ˆ of the DTFT, X(ej !ˆ ), of x[n].
correspond to the frequencies !
k !
ˆ

4
 GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL of ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING
FINAL EXAM
DATE: 27 APR 18 COURSE: ECE-2026

NAME: GT ID:
LAST, FIRST (ex: buzz3c)

3 points 3 points 3 points

Recitation Section: Circle the date & time when your Recitation Section meets (not Lab):
L06:Thur-Noon (Fekri)
L08:Thurs-1:30pm (Fekri)
L01:M-3pm (Valenta) L09:Tues-3pm (Rohling) L02:W-3pm (Yang) L10:Thur-3pm (Marenco)
L03:M-4:30pm (Valenta) L11:Tues-4:30pm (Rohling) L04:W-4:30pm (Yang) L12:Thur-4:30pm (Marenco)

• Write your name on the front page ONLY. DO NOT unstaple the test.

• Closed book, but a calculator is permitted.

00
• One sheet (8 12 ⇥ 1100 ) of notes permitted. OK to write on both sides.

• justify your reasoning clearly to receive partial credit.

Explanations are also required to receive full credit for any answer.

• You must write your answer in the space provided on the exam paper itself.
Only these answers will be graded. Circle your answers, or write them in the boxes provided.
If space is needed for scratch work, use the backs of previous pages.

Problem Value Score

1 20
2 11
3 10
4 16
5 12
6 14
7 17
No/Wrong Rec 3
Problem F.1:

Basic Concepts

Each part of this problem is independent of the others.

(a) [3 pts] What is the instantaneous frequency of the following signal at time t = 9 in Hertz?
p
x(t) = 4 cos(2⇡t + 3⇡ t ⇡/5)

(b) [3 pts] Find a real, positive amplitude A and a phase between ⇡ and ⇡ so that the
following equation is true:

A cos(6⇡t ⇡/4) 0.5 sin(6⇡t + ) = 0.5 cos(6⇡t).

(c) [2 pts] What is the length of y[n] = x[n] ⇤ h[n] if x[n] and h[n] have lengths 1000 and 100
respectively?

(d) [3 pts] Suppose x(t) = |cos(2⇡ · 30t)|. What is the the fundamental frequency of x(t) in
Hertz?

(e) [3 pts] Sketch the spectrum (not spectrogram) of the following signal.

x(t) = (1 + 0.3 cos(50⇡t)) cos(250⇡t + ⇡/5)

 e 2j !
ˆ 2
(f) [3 pts] Given H(ej !ˆ ) = 1 e 3j !ˆ, find a simplified expression for H(ej !ˆ ) . (There should be
no j’s in your answer!)

(g) [3 pts] Evaluate the following sum and express it in the form Aej✓ .
9
X 1)
z= ej(2⇡k/11+⇡
k=0
Problem F.2:

Frequency Response

y1[n] = x2[n]
x1[n] System 1 System 2 y2[n]

Two systems are connected in cascade, as shown in the figure above. The first system is described
by the following di↵erence equation:

y1 [n] = x1 [n] + b1 x1 [n 1] + x1 [n 2]

The second system is described by the following di↵erence equation:

y2 [n] = a2 y2 [n 1] + x2 [n]

(a) [5 pts] Write an expression for H(z), the system function of the overall cascade system.

(b) [6 pts] When the input to the overall cascade system is the following:

x1 [n] = 2( 1)n + 2 cos(⇡n/2 + ⇡/3)

the corresponding output of the overall system is:

y2 [n] = cos(⇡n/2 + )

Determine the numerical values of b1 .Show enough work to make it clear how you arrived at
your final answer.
Problem F.3:

Frequency Response

[10 pts] (2 pts each) Pick the correct frequency response characteristic and enter the number in
the answer box.

1 n
(a) h[n] = 2 u[n] 1. H(ej !ˆ ) = e j!
ˆ (1 + 2 cos !
ˆ)

2. 6 H(ej !ˆ ) = 3ˆ
!

(b) y[n] = 12 y[n 1] + x[n] 3. H(ej !ˆ ) = sin 2ˆ !e j1.5ˆ

!
sin 12 !
ˆ

2
4. H(ej !ˆ ) = 2 + 2 cos(ˆ
!) (mag. squared)
P3
(c) h[n] = k=0 [n k]
1
5. H(ej !ˆ ) = 2e j2ˆ
!
2 + cos !
ˆ + cos 2ˆ
!

6. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1
j!
ˆ
1 + 12 e
(d) H(z) = 1 + z 1 +z 2 +z 3 +z 4

1
7. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1 2e
j!
ˆ

(e) yn = filter([1,1],1,xn) 8. H(ej !ˆ ) = sin1!ˆ

sin 2 !
ˆ

9. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1
1 j!
ˆ
1 2e
Problem F.4:

Frequency and Impulse Responses

[16 pts] (2 pts each) Below are the pole-zero plots of the z-transforms (H(z)) of four discrete-time
systems. On the following pages are plots of magnitude frequency responses ( H(ej ! ˆ ) ) and im-
pulse responses (h[n]). The numbers on the pole-zero plots represent the multiplicity of the poles
and zeros. For each pole-zero plot, enter the letter of the matching frequency response and impulse
response respectively. If it is helpful, you can tear the next two pages out of the exam to facilitate
comparison, but turn them in with your exam.

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

2 3 ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =
 (Magnitude) Frequency Responses

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

A B C

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

D E F

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

G H
 Impulse Responses

2 2 2

1.5 1.5 1.5

1 1 1

0.5 0.5 0.5

0 0 0

-0.5 -0.5 -0.5

-1 -1 -1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

i j k

2 2 2
1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1
1
0.5 0.5
0 0 0.5

-0.5 -0.5 0
-1 -1 -0.5
-1.5 -1.5
-1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

l m n

2 2

1.5 1.5

1 1

0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

o p
Problem F.5:

Sampling and Aliasing Ideal

- C/D -
xc (t) x[n]
Converter
6
Ts = 1/fs
For each of the following questions, refer to ideal sampling system above.

(a) [4 pts] For a sampling frequency of fs = 400 Hz determine x[n] when

x(t) = cos(250 · 2⇡t + ⇡/3).

(b) [4 pts] Determine one value of fs such that x[n] = 0 when

x(t) = cos(400⇡t + ⇡/2) + cos(800⇡t + ⇡/2).

(c) [4 pts] Suppose, as in part b, x(t) = cos(400⇡t + ⇡/2) + cos(800⇡t + ⇡/2). Determine a
general equation for all values of fs such that x[n] = 0. Hint, at least one of the values is in
the range 200  fs  400.
Problem F.6:

Frequency Response

For all parts of this problem, consider the following system for discrete-time filtering of a continuous-
time signal.

Ideal LTI Ideal

- C/D - System - D/C -
xc (t) x[n] H(z) y[n] yc (t)
Converter Converter
6 6
Ts Ts
The system function, H(z), of the discrete-time IIR system can be derived from the di↵erence
equation
y[n] = 0.9 y[n 1] 0.81y[n 2] + x[n] + x[n 1] + x[n 2].
p
(a) [4 pts] For = 2, determine the poles and zeros of the system and plot your answer on
the following pole-zero plot.

−1 1
0

−j

(b) [5 pts] This system is a notch filter with the null frequency
p determined by . Sketch the
magnitude frequency response of this system for = 2 over ⇡  ! ˆ  ⇡.
(c) [5 pts] For a sampling rate of fs = 1000 Hz, determine a new value of so that the system
will null out a frequency component at 125Hz.
Problem F.7:

DFT Properties

Each part of this problem is independent of the others.

(a) [4 pts] Suppose the DFT, X[k], of a sequence x[n] below, is real. That is, X ⇤ [k] = X[k] for
k = 0, . . . , 6. Can the unknown values of x[n] be determined? If yes, give the missing values.
If no, then justify your answer.
{1, 7, ?, ?, 7, 1, 7}

(b) [3 pts] If X8 [k] is the 8-point DFT of a sequence {a, b, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0}, Express X4 [k], the
4-point DFT, of the sequence {a, b, c, d} in terms of X8 [k].

(c) [3 pts] Given an unknown length-5 real sequence x[n] with a corresponding 5-point DFT
coefficient sequence X[k] = { 1, j, 2, 2, j}, determine x[0].
(d) [4 pts] Given the signal (
cos(2⇡n/5) n = 0, . . . , 4
x[n] =
0 otherwise
Compute the 5-point DFT, X[k], of x[n].

(e) [3 pts] For a DFT of length N = 5, fill in the table below to show how the indices, k,
ˆ of the DTFT, X(ej !ˆ ), of x[n].
correspond to the frequencies !
k !
ˆ

4
 GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL of ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING
FINAL EXAM
DATE: 27-April-18 COURSE: ECE-2026

NAME: GT ID:
LAST, FIRST (ex: buzz4d)

3 points 3 points 3 points

Recitation Section: Circle the date & time when your Recitation Section meets (not Lab):
L06:Thur-Noon (Fekri)
L08:Thurs-1:30pm (Fekri)
L01:M-3pm (Valenta) L09:Tues-3pm (Rohling) L02:W-3pm (Yang) L10:Thur-3pm (Marenco)
L03:M-4:30pm (Valenta) L11:Tues-4:30pm (Rohling) L04:W-4:30pm (Yang) L12:Thur-4:30pm (Marenco)

• Write your name on the front page ONLY. DO NOT unstaple the test.

• Closed book, but a calculator is permitted.

00
• One sheet (8 12 ⇥ 1100 ) of notes permitted. OK to write on both sides.

• justify your reasoning clearly to receive partial credit.

Explanations are also required to receive full credit for any answer.

• You must write your answer in the space provided on the exam paper itself.
Only these answers will be graded. Circle your answers, or write them in the boxes provided.
If space is needed for scratch work, use the backs of previous pages.

Problem Value Score

1 20
2 11
3 10
4 16
5 12
6 14
7 17
No/Wrong Rec 3
Problem F.1:

Basic Concepts

Each part of this problem is independent of the others.

(a) [3 pts] What is the instantaneous frequency of the following signal at time t = 9 in Hertz?
p
x(t) = 4 cos(2⇡t + 3⇡ t ⇡/5)

(b) [3 pts] Find a real, positive amplitude A and a phase between ⇡ and ⇡ so that the
following equation is true:

A cos(6⇡t ⇡/4) 0.5 sin(6⇡t + ) = 0.5 cos(6⇡t).

(c) [2 pts] What is the length of y[n] = x[n] ⇤ h[n] if x[n] and h[n] have lengths 12 and 10
respectively?

(d) [3 pts] Suppose x(t) = |cos(2⇡ · 30t)|. What is the the fundamental frequency of x(t) in
Hertz?

(e) [3 pts] Sketch the spectrum (not spectrogram) of the following signal.

x(t) = (1 + 0.3 cos(50⇡t)) cos(250⇡t + ⇡/5)

 2 2
(f) [3 pts] Given H(ej !ˆ ) = ˆ,
1+e 3j !
find a simplified expression for H(ej !ˆ ) . (There should be
no j’s in your answer!)

(g) [3 pts] Evaluate the following sum and express it in the form Aej✓ .
12
X
z= ej(2⇡k/12+⇡)
k=0
Problem F.2:

Frequency Response

y1[n] = x2[n]
x1[n] System 1 System 2 y2[n]

Two systems are connected in cascade, as shown in the figure above. The first system is described
by the following di↵erence equation:

y1 [n] = x1 [n] + b1 x1 [n 1] + x1 [n 2]

The second system is described by the following di↵erence equation:

y2 [n] = a2 y2 [n 1] + x2 [n]

(a) [5 pts] Write an expression for H(z), the system function of the overall cascade system.

(b) [6 pts] When the input to the overall cascade system is the following:

x1 [n] = 2( 1)n + 2 cos(⇡n/2 + ⇡/3)

the corresponding output of the overall system is:

y2 [n] = cos(⇡n/2 + )

Determine the numerical values of b1 .Show enough work to make it clear how you arrived at
your final answer.
Problem F.3:

Frequency Response

[10 pts] (2 pts each) Pick the correct frequency response characteristic and enter the number in
the answer box.

P3
(a) h[n] = k=0 [n k] 1. H(ej !ˆ ) = e j!
ˆ (1 + 2 cos !
ˆ)

2. 6 H(ej !ˆ ) = 3ˆ
!

(b) H(z) = 1 + z 1 +z 2 +z 3 +z 4
3. H(ej !ˆ ) = sin 2ˆ !e j1.5ˆ
!
sin 12 !
ˆ

2
4. H(ej !ˆ ) = 2 + 2 cos(ˆ
!) (mag. squared)

(c) y[n] = 12 y[n 1] + x[n]

1
5. H(ej !ˆ ) = 2e j2ˆ
!
2 + cos !
ˆ + cos 2ˆ
!

6. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1
j!
ˆ
1 + 12 e
(d) yn = filter([1,1,0.5,3,0.5,1,1],1,xn)

1
7. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1 2e
j!
ˆ

(e) h[n] = 1 n
2 u[n] 8. H(ej !ˆ ) = sin1!ˆ
sin 2 !
ˆ

9. H(ej !ˆ ) = 1
1 j!
ˆ
1 2e
Problem F.4:

Frequency and Impulse Responses

[16 pts] (2 pts each) Below are the pole-zero plots of the z-transforms (H(z)) of four discrete-time
systems. On the following pages are plots of magnitude frequency responses ( H(ej ! ˆ ) ) and im-
pulse responses (h[n]). The numbers on the pole-zero plots represent the multiplicity of the poles
and zeros. For each pole-zero plot, enter the letter of the matching frequency response and impulse
response respectively. If it is helpful, you can tear the next two pages out of the exam to facilitate
comparison, but turn them in with your exam.

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

2 3 ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =

ℑ(z)

Frequency Response Impulse Response

ℜ(z)
ANS = ANS =
 (Magnitude) Frequency Responses

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

A B C

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

D E F

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

Normalized Frequency (ω/π) Normalized Frequency (ω/π)

G H
 Impulse Responses

2 2 2

1.5 1.5 1.5

1 1 1

0.5 0.5 0.5

0 0 0

-0.5 -0.5 -0.5

-1 -1 -1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

i j k

2 2 2
1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1
1
0.5 0.5
0 0 0.5

-0.5 -0.5 0
-1 -1 -0.5
-1.5 -1.5
-1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

l m n

2 2

1.5 1.5

1 1

0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
-5 0 5 10 15 -5 0 5 10 15

o p
Problem F.5:

Sampling and Aliasing Ideal

- C/D -
xc (t) x[n]
Converter
6
Ts = 1/fs
For each of the following questions, refer to ideal sampling system above.

(a) [4 pts] For a sampling frequency of fs = 300 Hz determine x[n] when

x(t) = cos(350 · 2⇡t + ⇡/3).

(b) [4 pts] Determine one value of fs such that x[n] = 0 when

x(t) = cos(100⇡t + ⇡/2) + cos(50⇡t + ⇡/2).

(c) [4 pts] Suppose, as in part b, x(t) = cos(100⇡t + ⇡/2) + cos(50⇡t + ⇡/2). Determine a general
equation for all values of fs such that x[n] = 0. Hint, at least one of the values is in the range
25  fs  50.
Problem F.6:

Frequency Response

For all parts of this problem, consider the following system for discrete-time filtering of a continuous-
time signal.

Ideal LTI Ideal

- C/D - System - D/C -
xc (t) x[n] H(z) y[n] yc (t)
Converter Converter
6 6
Ts Ts
The system function, H(z), of the discrete-time IIR system can be derived from the di↵erence
equation
y[n] = 0.9 y[n 1] 0.81y[n 2] + x[n] + x[n 1] + x[n 2].

(a) [4 pts] For = 1, determine the poles and zeros of the system and plot your answer on the
following pole-zero plot.

−1 1
0

−j

(b) [5 pts] This system is a notch filter with the null frequency determined by . Sketch the
magnitude frequency response of this system for = 1 over ⇡  ! ˆ  ⇡.
(c) [5 pts] For a sampling rate of fs = 1200 Hz, determine a new value of so that the system
will null out a frequency component at 200Hz.
Problem F.7:

DFT Properties

Each part of this problem is independent of the others.

(a) [4 pts] Suppose the DFT, X[k], of a sequence x[n] below, is real. That is, X ⇤ [k] = X[k] for
k = 0, . . . , 6. Can the unknown values of x[n] be determined? If yes, give the missing values.
If no, then justify your answer.
{1, ?, 0, ?, 6, 0, 7}

(b) [3 pts] If X8 [k] is the 8-point DFT of a sequence {a, b, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0}, Express X4 [k], the
4-point DFT, of the sequence {a, b, c, d} in terms of X8 [k].

(c) [3 pts] Given an unknown length-5 real sequence x[n] with a corresponding 5-point DFT
coefficient sequence X[k] = {0, 1, j, j, 1}, determine x[0].
(d) [4 pts] Given the signal (
cos(2⇡n/5) n = 0, . . . , 4
x[n] =
0 otherwise
Compute the 5-point DFT, X[k], of x[n].

(e) [3 pts] For a DFT of length N = 5, fill in the table below to show how the indices, k,
ˆ of the DTFT, X(ej !ˆ ), of x[n].
correspond to the frequencies !
k !
ˆ