TRIGGER VOLUME
#include “Engine/TriggerVolume.h”
class ATriggerVolume* Name;
● Volume that can detect things entering / leaving.
● APawn inherits from AActor class
● Object of ATriggerVolume* should be assigned to a certain actor. Otherwise, UE will
crash.
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere)
ATriggerVolume* PressurePlate; // to have a trigger action on actors
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere)
AActor* ActorThatOpen;
DELTA TIME
● Used how to get the elapsed time between frames.
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere)
● Can expose parameters to the Editor anywhere.
110. PLAYER INTERACTION
DefaultPawn - body, PlayerController - mind
PlayerController class has GetPawn()
#include "Engine/World.h"
#include "GameFramework/PlayerController.h"
AActor* ActorThatOpen; // creating an actor in .h
ActorThatOpen = GetWorld()->GetFirstPlayerController()->GetPawn();
114. GAME MODE AND GAME STATE
## To be able to use own specific pawn -- Edit - Project Setting - Default GameMode
https://docs.unrealengine.com/en-US/InteractiveExperiences/Framework/GameMode/index.html
115. MODIFYING DEFAULT PAWN ACTOR & BLUEPRINT
## Blueprint class inherits an “is a” relation.
Adding a Grabber to the pawn -- Grabber can pick up things …
Clone Default Pawn - Create a “Grabber” C++ class - add Grabber to ClonePawn from
component -
117. GETTING PLAYER VIEWPOINT & Location/Rotation
#include “GameFramework/PlayeController.h”
APlayerController::GetPlayerViewPoint
// Get the player viewpoint
GetWorld()->GetFirstPlayerController()->GetPlayerViewPoint();
void UGrabber::TickComponent(float DeltaTime, ELevelTick TickType,
FActorComponentTickFunction* ThisTickFunction)
{
Super::TickComponent(DeltaTime, TickType, ThisTickFunction);
// Get the player viewpoint
FVector PlayerViewPointLocation;
FRotator PlayerViewPointRotation;
GetWorld()->GetFirstPlayerController()->GetPlayerViewPoint(
OUT PlayerViewPointLocation,
OUT PlayerViewPointRotation
);
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Location: %s, Rotation: %s"),
*PlayerViewPointLocation.ToString(),
*PlayerViewPointRotation.ToString()
);
// Ray-cast out to a certain distance (reach)
// See what it hits
118. USING DrawDebugLine() // DrawDebugXX()
#include “DrawDebugHelpers.h”
Calculating LineTraceEnd
// Draw a line from player showing the reach
FVector LineTraceEnd = PlayerViewPointLocation + FVector(0.f, 0.f, 100.f);
// measured in cm (x,y,z for testing purpose)
Self approach..
FVector LineTraceDirection = PlayerViewPointRotation.Vector();
//Convert a rotation into a unit vector facing in its direction.
FVector b = LineTraceDirection * Reach;
FVector LineTraceEnd = PlayerViewPointLocation + b; // measured in cm
Guided approach…
FVector LineTraceEnd = PlayerViewPointLocation +
PlayerViewPointRotation.Vector() * Reach;
DrawDebugLine
(
GetWorld(),
PlayerViewPointLocation,
LineTraceEnd,
FColor(0, 255, 0),
false,
0.f,
0U,
5.f
);
119. RAY CASTING & PHYSICS & COLLISION
>> Lit - Player Collision to view Mobility
Object -> Collision presets - Object Type - PhysicsBody is the one we can pick up
Quiz
A reusable component accesses the transform (position, rotation, scale) of the object it is
attached to = GetOwner()->GetTransform().
FRotator data type stores rotation.
The Game Mode specifies the Default Pawn that spawns at run time, and we want to modify this
pawn to have a grabber.
120. LineTraceSingleByObjectType()
FCollisionObjectQueryParams(ECollisionChannel::ECC_PhysicsBody),
(To access the object’s physics body)
#include “CollisionQueryParams.h”
FCollisionQueryParams
(
FName(TEXT()), // are we using tag? No.. we will use physics channel
Bool bInTraceComplex, // visibility collision using?
Const AActor * InIgnoreActor // which actor to ignore? Yes,self. GetOwner()
)
FHitResult Hit;
// Ray-cast ( Line Trace ) out to a certain distance (reach)
FCollisionQueryParams TraceParam(FName(TEXT("")), false, GetOwner());
// (blank cuz we aren't using, false, ignore us)
GetWorld()->LineTraceSingleByObjectType
(
OUT Hit,
PlayerViewPointLocation,
LineTraceEnd,
FCollisionObjectQueryParams(ECollisionChannel::ECC_PhysicsBody),
// To access object from enum, use ::
TraceParam
);
121. Using FindComponentByClass()
Use it to find attached components. <> for generics. Nullptr to initialize pointers.
Add component in blueprint -- PhysicsHandle
#include "PhysicsEngine/PhysicsHandleComponent.h"
private:
float Reach = 150.f;
UPhysicsHandleComponent* PhysicsHandle = nullptr;
In BeginPlay() --
PhysicsHandle = GetOwner()-
>FindComponentByClass<UPhysicsHandleComponent>();
** LOG out if physics is attached to default pawn or not. GetOwner()->GetName()
122. Input Binding
InputComponent = GetOwner()->FindComponentByClass<UInputComponent>();
if (InputComponent)
{
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Input component found!"));
InputComponent->BindAction("Grab", IE_Pressed, this,
&UGrabber::Grab);
}
Anything to access from the permanent storage, use accessor ::
Anything to access from temporary storage,use accessors dot (.) and ->
125. Using Physics Handles
https://docs.unrealengine.com/en-US/API/Runtime/Engine/PhysicsEngine/
UPhysicsHandleComponent/index.html
127. Iteration thru Valid Actors
Linear Damping = slow down speed
Angular Damping = make heavy and sticky
#include "Components/PrimitiveComponent.h"
float UOpenDoor::TotalMassOfActors() const
{
float TotalMass = 0.f;
// find all overlapping actors.
TArray<AActor*> OverlappingActors;
PressurePlate->GetOverlappingActors(OUT OverlappingActors);
// add up their masses.
for (AActor* Actor : OverlappingActors)
{
TotalMass += Actor->FindComponentByClass<UPrimitiveComponent>()-
>GetMass();
}
return TotalMass;
128. POINTER PROTECTION PROCESS
- Horrible crash when following nullptr
- Always check pointers before used
- When declaring, always initialize to nullptr
129. SFX & Audio Clips
UAudioComponent
#include “Components/AudioComponent.h”
167. PAWNS VS CHARACTER C++
Single Click on Map - Blueprints - GameMode : GameMode Base - Select GameModeBased
Class - choose yours
168. CHARACTER MOVEMENT FUNCTIONS
AddMovementInput() // take vector -- takes which direction moving
AddControllerPitchInput() // looking up and down
AddControllerYawInput() // turn left and right
Jump()
Extension** C++ Helper -> press Ctrl + Shift + P -> type create implementation
void AShooterCharacter::SetupPlayerInputComponent(UInputComponent*
PlayerInputComponent)
{
Super::SetupPlayerInputComponent(PlayerInputComponent);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis(TEXT("MoveForward"), this,
&AShooterCharacter::MoveForward);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis(TEXT("LookUp"), this,
&APawn::AddControllerPitchInput);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis(TEXT("MoveRight"), this,
&AShooterCharacter::MoveRight);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis(TEXT("LookRight"), this,
&APawn::AddControllerYawInput);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAction(TEXT("Jump"),
EInputEvent::IE_Pressed, this, &ACharacter::Jump);
}
Controller Movement
GamePad Right Thumbstick Y-Axis
PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis(TEXT("LookUpRate"), this,
&AShooterCharacter::LookUpRate);
void AShooterCharacter::LookUpRate(float AxisValue)
{
AddControllerPitchInput(AxisValue * RotationRate * GetWorld()-
>GetDeltaSeconds());
}
170. Third Person Camera Spring Arm
Add Camera component, Add Spring Arm component, make the camera comp be the child of
spring arm, Use Pawn Control Rotation option in spring arm (for rotating 360),
171, 173. Skeletal Animations 101
RC -> animation bp ->
RC on chart -> Blend (combine 2 poses together)
Add Variable ->
174. 2D Blend Spaces
Add New - Animation - BlendSpace
ABP - Get Velocity - VectorLength -
175. SPEED
176. Inverse Transforming Vectors (IMP) Turn angle
177. CALCULATING ANIMATION SPEED
Calculating jog speed
------------------------------
start 0.16
start y 16.233488
end 0.34
end y -37.451061
-53.684549 / 0.18 = -298.2474944444444 = 320
foot_speed = (y_finish - y_start) / (t_finish - t_start)
Calculating walk speed
------------------------------
start 0.25
start y 32.761688
end 0.76
end y -30.551456
-63.313144 / 0.51 = -124.1434196078431 = 140
178. Gun Actors
Gun Component under Mesh
Create c++ class for Gun - Create blueprint subclass
private:
UPROPERTY(VisableAnywhere)
USceneComponent* Root;
UPROPERTY(VisableAnywhere)
UStaticMeshComponent* Mesh;
OR
USkeletalMeshComponent* Mesh; (depends on the weapon mesh type)
Header --
#include "Components\StaticMeshComponent.h"
#include "Components\SkeletalMeshComponent.h"
.cpp
AGun::AGun()
{
// Set this actor to call Tick() every frame. You can turn this off
to improve performance if you don't need it.
PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick = true;
// Adding components in the Blueprint class
Root = CreateDefaultSubobject<USceneComponent>(TEXT("Root"));
SetRootComponent(Root);
Mesh = CreateDefaultSubobject<USkeletalMeshComponent>(TEXT("Mesh"));
Mesh->SetupAttachment(Root);
}
180. Attaching To Meshes Via Sockets
To hide default weapon - SkinnedMeshComponent.h - HideBoneByName()
GetMesh()->HideBoneByName(TEXT("weapon_r"), EPhysBodyOp::PBO_None);
After default weapon is hidden, add socket
RC on the default weapon - add socket -
181. Shooting Architecture
GamePlayStatics.h - SpawnEmitterAttached(...)
182. Spawning Particle Effect
Open weapon mesh - Skeleton Tree on left pane - MuzzleFlashSocket
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere)
UParticleSystem* MuzzleFlash;
void AGun::PullTrigger()
{
//UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("You've been shot!"));
UGameplayStatics::SpawnEmitterAttached(MuzzleFlash, Mesh,
TEXT("MuzzleFlashSocket"));
}
183. Player View Point
#include "DrawDebugHelpers.h" // debugging
DrawDebugCamera(GetWorld(), GetActorLocation(), GetActorRotation(),
90, 2.f, FColor::Green, true); // aiming point camera
Check Controller.h - GetPlayerViewPoint(Location, Rotation);
184. Line Tracing By Channel
LineTraceTestByChannel()
Project Setting - Engine - Collision - Trace Channel - new Trace Channel -
Calculating bullet end point
FVector EndPoint = Location + Rotation.Vector() * MaxRange;
In DrawDebugHelpers.h
FHitResult Hit;
bool bSuccess = GetWorld()->LineTraceSingleByChannel(Hit, Location,
EndPoint, ECollisionChannel::ECC_GameTraceChannel1);
if (bSuccess)
{
DrawDebugPoint(GetWorld(), Hit.Location, 20, FColor::Green, true);
}
185. Impact Effect
GamePlayStatics.h
SpawnEmitterAtLocation(..)
FVector ShotDirection = -Rotation.Vector(); // direction going out
DrawDebugPoint(GetWorld(), Hit.Location, 20, FColor::Green, true);
UGameplayStatics::SpawnEmitterAtLocation(GetWorld(), ImpactEffect,
Hit.Location, ShotDirection.Rotation());
186. Damage
Actor.h - TakeDamage()
FRadialDamageParams = Generade
FPointDamageEvent = Single target
188. Overriding TakeDamage
virtual float TakeDamage(float DamageAmount, struct FDamageEvent
const& DamageEvent, class AController* EventInstigator, AActor*
DamageCauser) override;
189. Blending Animations By Booleans
Blend Poses by bool node in BP
192. AI Aiming
AIController.h
SetFocus(PlayerPawn)
#include “Kismet/GameplayStatics.h”
GameplayStatics.h for UGameplayStatics::GetPlayerPawn()
APawn* PlayerPawn = UGameplayStatics::GetPlayerPawn(GetWorld(), 0);
SetFocus(PlayerPawn);
193. Nav Mesh And AI Movement
AIController.h - MoveTo()
void AShooterAIController::Tick(float DeltaSeconds)
{
Super::Tick(DeltaSeconds);
APawn* PlayerPawn = UGameplayStatics::GetPlayerPawn(GetWorld(), 0);
MoveToActor(PlayerPawn, 200.f);
}
194. Checking AI Line Of Sight
AIController.h - LineOfSightTo()
To stop chasing AI
virtual void ClearFocus(EAIFocusPriority::Type InPriority);
if (LineOfSightTo(PlayerPawn))
{
SetFocus(PlayerPawn);
MoveToActor(PlayerPawn, ChaseRadius);
}
195. BehaviorTrees And Blackboards
class UBehaviorTree* AIBehavior;
RunBehaviorTree()
if (AIBehavior != nullptr)
{
RunBehaviorTree(AIBehavior);
}
Add Sequence Node in BT.
196. Setting Blackboard Keys In C++
Set a new key - AIController.h - GetBlackboardComponent()
BlackboardComponent.h - setValueAs … ()
GetBlackboardComponent()->SetValueAsVector(TEXT("PlayerLocation"),
PlayerPawn->GetActorLocation());
197. Behavior Tree Tasks And Sequences
Controller.h - GetPawn()
GetBlackboardComponent()->SetValueAsVector(TEXT("StartLocation"),
GetPawn()->GetActorLocation());
198. BT Decorators And Selectors
ClearValue() -- to clear player location
GetBlackboardComponent()->ClearValue(TEXT("PlayerLocation"));
199. Custom BTTasks In C++
New C++ - Bttask_blackboard - add “GameplayTasks” in the name.Build.cs file.
Create constructor - and in its definition - NodeName = TEXT("Clear Blackboard Value");
200. Executing BTTasks
BTTask_BlackboardBase.h
BTTaskNode.h
BehaviorTreeTypes.h
EBTNodeResult::Type
UBTTask_ClearBlackboardValue::ExecuteTask(UBehaviorTreeComponent
&OwnerComp, uint8* NodeMemory)
{
Super::ExecuteTask(OwnerComp, NodeMemory);
OwnerComp.GetBlackboardComponent()-
>ClearValue(GetSelectedBlackboardKey());
return EBTNodeResult::Succeeded;
}
201. BTTasks That Use The Pawn
202. BTServices In C++
Add default focus service in the node.
204. Ending The Game
DetachFromControllerPendingDestroy();
GetCapsuleComponent()-
>SetCollisionEnabled(ECollisionEnabled::NoCollision);
AFirstShooterGameModeBase* GameMode = GetWorld()-
>GetAuthGameMode<AFirstShooterGameModeBase>();
if(GameMode != nullptr)
{
GameMode->PawnKilled(this);
}
Blueprint Class
Flip Flop - for flashlight and stuff
Gate - Door and stuff
TestInput - Mouse Events
Make Rotator : (camera movement)
X - Yaw - left and right
Y - Pitch - up and down
Add Movement Input :
Structures (Struct)
Transform, Hit Result,
