Answers
Name ______________________________
Date ______________________
Section ____________
Exploring the Scientific Method
The scientific method is a process that scientists use to better understand the world around
them. It includes making observations and asking a question, forming a hypothesis,
designing an experiment, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing a conclusion. This is
sometimes also referred to as scientific inquiry. A hypothesis is a possible explanation for
an observation. A good scientist will design a controlled experiment to test their hypothesis.
In a controlled experiment, only one variable is tested at a time. It is called the
manipulated or independent variable. The experimental group will test the
independent variable. The control group will be left alone, so you have something
to compare your results to. The variable that determines the data is the
responding, or dependent variable. It responds to the manipulated variable. All
other variables in the experiment should remain the same, because if you change more
than one variable, you will not know which variable explained your results. Once
something has been tested many different times by many different scientists, it
can become a scientific theory. It is different from a scientific law, which
describes what will happen every time under a particular set of conditions.
True or False
If the answer is true, write “true” on the line. If the answer is false, replace the underlined word
or phrase with one that will make the sentence correct. Write the new word(s) on the line.
Making an
1. observation
__________________ Forming a hypothesis is the first step of the scientific method.
2. true
__________________ A scientific law is different from a scientific theory because it
describes something in nature without attempting to explain it.
3. true
__________________ In order for a hypothesis to be testable, scientists need to be able
carry out investigations that will either support or disprove it.
4. control group
__________________ The experimental group is the group that is left alone during the
experiment.
5. true
__________________ The manipulated variable is the same
thing as the independent variable.
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Matching
Match the word to the definition. Write the letter on the line.
D Scientific inquiry
6. ____ A. This group shows the effect of the variable being tested
E Hypothesis
7. ____ B. This is the one variable that is changed
G Control group
8. ___ C. A well-tested explanation for experimental results
A Experimental group
9. ____ D. The many ways in which scientists study the natural world
B Independent variable
10 ____ E. A possible answer to a scientific question
H Dependent variable
11. ____ F. This describes an observed pattern in nature
C Scientific theory
12. ____ G. This group is left alone and not experimented on
F Scientific law
13. ____ H. This is the variable that gets measured
Identifying
Read through the following scenarios. Identify the control group, the experimental
group, the independent variable, and the dependent variable.
Scenario Independent Dependent Experimental Control
Variable Variable Group Group
A company wants to test a new dog food that 14. 15. 16. 17.
is supposed to help overweight dogs lose
weight. 50 dogs are chosen to get the new
New dog Weight Dogs on Dogs on
food, and 50 more continue their normal diets.
After one month, the dogs are checked to food lost new normal
see if they lost any weight. food diet
A new sunscreen has been developed that is 18. 19. 20. 21.
supposed to be more effective at preventing Arm
sunburn. 30 participants spray one arm with New Redness Arm with with
the new formula, and spray the other arm sunscreen
with the leading formula. After 4 hours in the new leading
sun, their skin is evaluated for any redness. formula formula
A student wants to study the effect of sunlight 22. 23. 24. 25.
on plant growth. In his experiment, 12 plants Plants Plants
receive normal amounts of sunlight, but half of
them are kept under bright sun lamps all night
Sunlight Plant kept getting
long. After 6 weeks, the plants’ heights are
height/ under just
measured. growth lamps normal
sun
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