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PIC Algorithm He

The document outlines a generic 2D electrostatic/electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm, detailing initialization, main time-step loop, and post-processing steps. Key components include particle injection, charge/current deposition, field solving, particle pushing, and diagnostics. It emphasizes the importance of self-consistent fields, resolution conditions, and energy conservation in the simulation process.

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Md Arifuzzaman Faisal
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11 views3 pages

PIC Algorithm He

The document outlines a generic 2D electrostatic/electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm, detailing initialization, main time-step loop, and post-processing steps. Key components include particle injection, charge/current deposition, field solving, particle pushing, and diagnostics. It emphasizes the importance of self-consistent fields, resolution conditions, and energy conservation in the simulation process.

Uploaded by

Md Arifuzzaman Faisal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PIC Algorithm

Here’s a generic 2D electrostatic / electromagnetic PIC algorithm, laid out in logical steps and
pseudocode. You can adapt it to your FDTD–PIC coupling for Smith–Purcell:

1. Initialization
1. Define physical constants
1
ε 0 , μ0 , c= , me , q e , …
√ ε0 μ 0
2. Set up spatial grid

o $N_{x},\text{\:\,}N_{y}$ cells, spacing $\Delta x,\text{\:\,}\Delta y$


o Field arrays: E ( i , j ), B (i , j ) (staggered Yee grid)
o Charge density array ρ ( i , j ), current density J ( i, j )
3. Load or define conductor/geometry masks (e.g. grating)

4. Initialize particles

o Positions ( x p , y p ), velocities ( v x , p , v y, p , v z , p )
o Flags “active/inactive”
5. Precompute any static fields (e.g. Bx ) and PML damping profiles

2. Main time-step loop (for n=1 … N s t e p s)

2.1 Particle injection (if continuous beam)


for each injection slot:
find inactive particle p
x_p ← injection plane + small offset
y_p ← beam center + random spread
v_{x,p} ← beam speed, v_{y,p}=0, v_{z,p}=0
mark p active
end

2.2 Charge/current deposition (“scatter”)


1. Zero ρ ( i , j ), J ( i, j )

2. For each active particle p:

o Locate cell indices ( i , j ) ≃ $\left\lfloor (x_{p} - x_{\min})/\Delta x \


right\rfloor,\text{\:\,}\lfloor(y_{p} - y_{\min})/\Delta y\rfloor$
o Compute weights W i ± 1, j ± 1 (e.g. linear or quadratic)

o Accumulate

$$\rho(i,j)\text{\:\,} + \text{ ⁣} = \text{\:\,}q_{e}\, W_{i,j},\quad J_{x}(i,j)\text{\:\,} + \text{ ⁣} = \


text{\:\,}q_{e}\, v_{x,p}\, W_{i,j},\text{\:\,}\ldots$$

2.3 Field solve (FDTD or Poisson)


 Electromagnetic (Yee FDTD):
B^{n+½} ← B^{n−½} − Δt ∇×E^n
E^{n+1} ← E^n + Δt ( c² ∇×B^{n+½} − J/ε₀ )

 Electrostatic (if applicable): solve ∇²φ=−ρ/ε₀ then E=−∇φ

 Apply PML or boundary conditions

2.4 Field gather to particles (“interpolate”)


For each active p:
1. Locate surrounding grid nodes ( i , j )
2. Interpolate E p =∑ E ( i, j ) W i , j, B p=∑ B ( i, j ) W i , j

2.5 Particle push (Boris scheme)


v⁻ = v^n + (q/m) E_p (Δt/2)
t = (q/m) B_p (Δt/2)
s = 2 t / (1+|t|²)
v′ = v⁻ + v⁻×t
v⁺ = v⁻ + v′×s
v^{n+1} = v⁺ + (q/m) E_p (Δt/2)
x^{n+1}_p = x^n_p + v^{n+1} Δt

 Handle domain exits → deactivate


2.6 Diagnostics & visualization
 Track energy conservation, particle counts
 Plot fields/particles every few steps

3. End of loop / post-processing


 Compute spectra of fields (e.g., via FFT)
 Extract radiation intensity vs. angle or frequency

Key points
 Charge → field coupling via deposition and interpolation ensures self-consistent fields.
 Lambda_D (Debye length) and c/ωₚ must be resolved by Δ x , Δ t .
 Courant condition: Δ t <1/ ( c √ 1/ Δ x 2+ 1/ Δ y 2 ).
 Boris push is symplectic and preserves energy very well.
 PML absorbs outgoing waves to avoid reflections.
Feel free to adapt each step to your vectorized MATLAB implementation and to your metallic‐
grating boundary treatment.

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