MATHEMATICS / X / 2024-25/RO-BENGALURU

CHAPTER -8 INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

MIND MAP

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KEY POINTS:

 Trigonometric Ratios of the angle A in a triangle ABC right angled at B are defined as:
∠
sine of ∠A = sin A = =

∠
cosine of ∠A = cos A = =

∠
tangent of ∠A = tan A = ∠
=

cosecant of ∠A = cosec A = =

secant of ∠A = sec A = =

cotangent of ∠A = cot A = =

tan A = , cot A =

 The values of trigonometric ratios of an angle do not vary with the lengths of the sides of
the triangle, if the angle remains the same.

 If one trigonometric ratio of an angle is given, the other trigonometric ratios of the angle
can be determined.

 Trigonometric ratios of angles: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°.

 The value of sin A or cos A never exceeds 1, whereas the value of sec A or cosec A is
always greater than or equal to 1.

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 Trigonometric identities:
sin² A + cos² A = 1
1 + tan² A = sec²A
cot²A + 1 = cosec²A

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

(EACH CARRIES 1 MARK)

1. The value of (sin30° + cos30°) – (sin60° + cos60° ) is …..
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
2. The value of sin230o + cos230o is …..
√
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d)

3. tan A = ………..

(a) (b) (c) (d)

√ √ √ √

4.  
If 4 tan = 3, then the value of is equal to ……
 

(a) (b) (c) (d)

5. If sin A = , then the value of cot A is ……

√
(a) √3 (b) (c) (d) 1
√

6. If 3cot  = 2, then the value of tan  is ……

(a) (b) (c) (d)

√ √

7. If sin − cos= 0, then the value of (sin4 + cos4) is ……

(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)

8. The value of is ……

(a) (b) (c) √3 (d) 1

√ √

9. Given that sin α = and cos β = , then the value of (α + β) is ….

(a) 0o (b) 30o (c) 60o (d) 90o

10. If cosec A – cot A = , then cosec A = ….

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(a) (b) (c) (d)

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS TYPE I

(EACH CARRIES 2 MARKS)
1. Prove that:
²
= 1.
²

2. If tan (A + B) =√3 and tan (A – B) =1/√3, 0° < A + B ≤ 90°; A > B, find A and B.

3. If sin B= , then find cot B

4. If cos B = 0 then what is the value of cos ?

5. If 5x = sec θ and = tan θ, find the value of 5 x −

6. Prove the identity:

= 1 – sin A cos A

7. Simplify:

8. If sin θ – cos θ = 0, find the value of sin θ + cos θ.

9. If 2 cos 3θ = √3, find the value of θ.

10. If x = a cos θ – b sin θ and y = a sin θ + b cos θ, then prove that a 2 + b2 = x2 + y2

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS TYPE II

(EACH CARRIES 3 MARKS)

1. Prove that + =

2. Prove that =

3. If tan A = , prove that =

4. If 7sin A + 3cos A = 4, then show that tan θ = .

√

5. Prove that (sec A− cos A)(cot A + tan A) = tan A sec A

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

( EACH CARRIES 5 MARKS)
1. If tan θ + sin θ = p ; tan θ – sin θ = q; prove that p2 – q2 = 4 √pq

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2. If sin θ + cos θ = m and sec θ + cosec θ = n, then prove that n(m2 – 1) = 2m.

3. ²
If = √
, prove that = .

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS:

(Subparts of each question carry 1+1+2 marks)
1. A tram transports travellers from the base level at point A to the summit of a mountain
chateau at point P. Point A is situated 2000 meters away from point C, which marks the
mountain's base. If 𝛼 = 30º and 𝛽 = 60º, then,

(i) What will be the height of the mountain?

(ii) Assuming the cable is held tight what will be the length of the cable?
(iii) What will be the length of BC?
OR
What will be the distance of point A to the foot of the mountain located at B?
2. The local government plans to build a playground slide in
a city park specifically designed for children under 12
years old. They envision the top of the slide positioned 4
meters above ground level, inclined at a 30-degree angle
relative to the ground.
(i) What is the length of AB?
(ii) What is the value of sin230o + cos260o?
(iii) In the given figure, if AB + BC =25m and AC = 5 m, then what is the value of
BC?
OR
In the given figure, what is the value of (sin B cos A)?
3. Structural design involves constructing a framework using interconnected triangles.
Among the primary engineering structures, trusses play a significant role, particularly in
the construction of bridges and buildings. Trusses are engineered to bear various loads,
including human weight, and are constructed solely from elongated, straight elements
linked by joints at their endpoints. Each truss system features a repeating triangle as its
fundamental unit as shown in the figure below:

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(i) ) If sin A = sin C, what will be the length of BC?

(ii) What is the length of AC?
(iii) If the length of AB doubles, what will become of the length of AC?
OR
What is the length of BC?
ASSERTION –REASON TYPE QUESTIONS:
(EACH CARRIES 1 MARK)

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a

statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice from the following:

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true. Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true. Reason (R) does NOT give correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

1. STATEMENT I: ASSERTION (A): For any acute angle , the value of sin  cannot be
greater than 1.
STATEMENT II: REASON (R): Hypotenuse is the longest side in any right angled
triangle.
2. STATEMENT I: ASSERTION (A): For 0 ≤  ≤ 90 0, sec x + cos x ≥ 2

STATEMENT II: REASON (R): For any x > 0, x + ≥2

3. STATEMENT I: ASSERTION (A): If sin  + sin2 = 1, then cos2 + cos4 = 1

STATEMENT II: REASON (R): 1 - sin2 = cos2

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4. STATEMENT I: ASSERTION (A): In a right angled triangle, if tan = , the greatest

side of the triangle is 5 units.
STATEMENT II: REASON (R): (greatest side)2 = (hypotenuse)2 = (perpendicular)2 +
(base)2
5. STATEMENT I: ASSERTION (A): For 0 <  ≤ 90 0, (cosec  - cot ) and (cosec  + cot
) are reciprocal of each other.
STATEMENT II: REASON (R) : cot2 - cosec2 = 1
6. STATEMENT I : ASSERTION (A): cot A is the product of cot and A.
STATEMENT II: REASON (R): The value of sin  increases as  increases.
7. STATEMENT I : ASSERTION (A): For any acute angle , the value of tan  never
exceeds √2.

STATEMENT II: REASON (R): For 0 ≤  < 90 0, tan  =


8. STATEMENT I : ASSERTION (A): For any acute angle  (0 ≤  < 90 0 ), sec  ≥ 1.

STATEMENT II: REASON (R): For any acute angle  (0 ≤  < 90 0 ), cosec  ≥ 1.
9. STATEMENT I : ASSERTION (A): For 0 <  ≤ 90 0, sin + cosec ≥ 2.

STATEMENT II: REASON (R): x + ≥ 2 for all x > 0.

10. STATEMENT I : ASSERTION ( A): If tan  + cot  =2, then tan2 + cot2 = 4

STATEMENT II: REASON (R): If cosecA = √2, then =

*****************

ANSWERS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

ANSWER KEY: 1.b 2.c 3. c 4.a 5.a 6.b 7.c 8. d 9. d 10. d

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS TYPE I :

ANSWER KEY: 2. A= 45°, B = 15° 3. 4. 5. 7. tan A 8. 9. 10 0

√

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS:

ANSWER KEY: 1. (i) m (ii) m (iii) m OR m

√ √

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2. (i) 8m (ii) (iii) 12m OR

3. (i) 4 ft (ii) 8 ft (iii) doubles the original length OR 4 √3 ft

ASSERTION –REASON TYPE QUESTIONS:

ANSWER KEY: 1.a 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.d 7.d 8.b 9.a 10.d

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