STRUCTURES EXERCISES
1. Define “STRUCTURES” and explain some of their functions:
2. Classify the following structures according to the given types:
MASS, TRIANGULATED, SHELL, SUSPENSION, ARCH OR FRAME STRUCTURE.
A)
C)
B)
E)
D) F)
G) H)
I)
K)
J) L)
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3. Name these representations of the four types of effort in your notebook.
A) B)
C) D)
4. Indicate the type of structure in each case:
a) A tyre:
b) Glasses case:
c) A scaffold:
d) A railway:
e) A castle:
f) A bike frame:
5. Indicate the FUNCTION of each of the following structures, answer in your
notebook:
Support weight Connect places Protect objects Provide rigidity
a) A crane:
b) A shelf:
c) Cardboard in a hollow door
d) A scaffold:
e) The railway:
f) A box:
g) A tower:
h) A bridge:
i) Cardboard in a hollow table:
j) The legs of a table:
6. Indicate the type of effort that supports each element in the following pictures:
2
3
7. STABILITY is an important factor to guarantee that a structure can withstand
weight and other conditions without falling down.
- WAYS to make a structure more stable -
By grounding it on Concentrating the Using suspension Increasing the
the ground. Making weight on the cables anchored on holding surface.
a good foundation ground. Thecentre the ground Widening the base
of gravity close to
the base
Think of different ways to guarantee stability in each of the following cases:
A)
B)
C)
D) E)
F)
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8. Add elements to make the following structures rigid:
MAKING RIGID STRUCTURES: When a structure cannot be deformed, (only by breaking
the structure) it is said to be rigid. If you want to make a rigid structure you have to
add one or more extra bars between corners trying to form triangles. This effect is
called triangulation. Most of the frameworks are triangulated to become rigid.
B)
A) C) D)
9. Choose the right answer for the following questions:
1. The most important elements of a triangulated structure are...
shells and beams and suspension bars and joints
bars columns cables
2. Beams are ... elements of the … structures
diagonal / basic / arch horizontal / vertical / frame
triangulated frame
3. Columns are ... elements of … structures
diagonal / basic / arch horizontal / vertical / frame
triangulated frame
4. The most rigid polygon is the...
rhombus hexagon square triangle
5. A snail has got a … structure
mass frame triangulated shell
6. What effort supports a key?
tension compression bending torsion
7. What effort supports the cable of a crane?
tension compression bending torsion
8. What effort supports the edge of a springboard?
tension torsion bending shear
9. What effort supports a beam of a building?
tension compression bending torsion
10.What effort supports the foundations of a building?
tension compression bending shear
11.What effort supports the hook that holds a picture?
tension compression bending shear
12.What effort supports a screw when being placed with a screwdriver?
tension compression tension torsion
13.What effort supports your femur bones when you are standing up?
tension compression shear torsion
14.What effort supports your center of gravity when you are standing up and your
arms are down?
tension compression shear torsion
15.What effort supports a cork of a bottle when being opened?
tension compression shear torsion
16.A beam supporting a bending effort is supporting a combination of ...
tension and shear and shear and tension and compression
shear torsion compression
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10. Indicate the name or draw the element:
A) B)
D)
C)
Now draw the following elements:
Arch
Dome
Column
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11. Write the element name:
A 1 Vault
B 2 Arch
C 3 Column
D 4 Suspension Cable
E 5 Diagonal
F 6 Dome
G 7 Pivot
H 8 Beam
