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Science Project

Germination is the process by which a seed develops into a seedling, requiring favorable conditions like soil, water, sunlight, and air. The seed consists of a protective coat, an embryo, and cotyledons that provide initial nourishment. Successful germination involves the seed absorbing water, warmth, air, and sunlight, leading to the growth of roots and shoots into a mature plant.

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18 views3 pages

Science Project

Germination is the process by which a seed develops into a seedling, requiring favorable conditions like soil, water, sunlight, and air. The seed consists of a protective coat, an embryo, and cotyledons that provide initial nourishment. Successful germination involves the seed absorbing water, warmth, air, and sunlight, leading to the growth of roots and shoots into a mature plant.

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tarannumshaguftajahan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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(A) Germination of a Seed:

The process by which a seed develops into a seedling or a young


plant is called germination. The seed needs favourable
conditions like soil, water, sunlight, and air to grow into a plant.
What is Inside a Seed?
1. Seed Coat: This is the hard outer layer that protects the seed.
2. Embryo: This is the baby plant inside the seed.
3. Cotyledons: These are the first leaves that provide food for the
baby plant until it can make its own food.

Fun Facts:
 Some seeds can wait for years until the conditions are just right to
start germinating.
 Different seeds have different needs; some might need a period of
cold before they can germinate.
(B) The Process of Germination of Seeds:
The process of germination involves the following steps:
 In favourable conditions, the seed coat becomes soft and spongy.
 At this stage, the seedling breaks the seed coat and comes out of
the seed. It obtains its food firstly from the cotyledons and then
from the soil.
 The seedling develops the roots and the shoot. Roots grow
underground and help in absorbing water and nutrients from the
soil.
 The shoot grows above the ground. It develops leaves and
branches and finally grows into a plant.
(C) Factors Necessary for Germination of Seeds:
For a seed to successfully germinate and grow into a healthy
plant, certain conditions must be met.
1. Water - Water is crucial for the seed to start growing. When a
seed absorbs water, it swells up and the seed coat (the hard outer
covering) becomes soft and breaks open.
2. Warmth - Most seeds need a warm temperature to germinate.
Warmth helps speed up the chemical reactions inside the seed.
Different seeds have different temperature needs.
3. Air (Carbon-dioxide) - Seeds need carbon dioxide for
photosynthesis and oxygen for respiration. Even though seeds are
planted in soil, they still need to breathe. Good soil allows air to
reach the seed.
4. Sunlight - Sunlight is essential for seeds to germinate. After
germination, all seeds need light for photosynthesis, which is how
plants make their food.

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